深度学习技术已经广泛应用在各个行业领域。实际应用，通过大量数据往往可以训练一个泛化能力好的模型，但如何将模型进行快捷、方便的远程部署，已成为好多企业考虑的问题。现阶段，常用的深度学习模型远程部署工具有tensrflow/serving、onnx、OpenVINO、paddlepaddle/serving。本文就来详细介绍如何用Docker完成tensorflow/serving远程部署深度学习模型
1、环境准备
1.1、 系统：ubuntu16.04/centos7.2
1.2、 NVIDIA驱动：要求满足cuda10.0+cudnn7.6
1.3、 docker+nvidia-docker2：安装教程[link]
1.4、 tensorflow1.14.0 + keras2.3
1.5、 深度学习模型：keras的.h5模型，tensorflow的.ckpt或.pb模型2、模型转换
2.1、keras训练得到的.h5模型
from keras import backend as K
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python import saved_model
from tensorflow.python.saved_model.signature_def_utils_impl import (
build_signature_def, predict_signature_def)
from keras_retinanet import models
import shutil
import os
#tensorflow/serving模型保存路径
export_path = 'keras-retinanet-master/snapshots/fire_models'
#导入keras模型
num_classes = 1
model = models.convert_model( model=models.backbone(backbone_name='resnet50').retinanet(num_classes=num_classes),
nms=True,
class_specific_filter=True,
anchor_params=None
)
model.load_weights('keras-retinanet-master/snapshots/resnet50_csv_11.h5')
#打印模型的输入、输出层
print('Output layers', [o.name[:-2] for o in model.outputs])
print('Input layer', model.inputs[0].name[:-2])
#建立一个builder
if os.path.isdir(export_path):
shutil.rmtree(export_path)
builder = saved_model.builder.SavedModelBuilder(export_path)
#定义模型的输入输出，建立调用接口与tensor签名之间的映射
signature = predict_signature_def(
inputs={'input': model.input}, #创建输入字典，key为自己定义名字，value为.h5模型的输入
outputs={
'loc_box': model.outputs[0], #创建输出字典，key为自定义名字，value为.h5模型的输出
'fire_pre': model.outputs[1],
'fire_class': model.outputs[2]})
sess = K.get_session() #创建会话
#建立模型名称与模型签名之间的映射
builder.add_meta_graph_and_variables(sess=sess,\
tags=[saved_model.tag_constants.SERVING],\
signature_def_map={'predict': signature}
)
#保存模型
builder.save()2.2、tensorflow训练得到的.pb模型转化为tf_serving .pb模型
import tensorflow as tf
import os
def export_model(PATH_TO_PB):
tf.reset_default_graph()
output_graph_def = tf.GraphDef()
with tf.gfile.GFile(PATH_TO_PB, 'rb') as fid:
# 将*.pb文件读入serialized_graph
serialized_graph = fid.read()
# 将serialized_graph的内容恢复到图中
output_graph_def.ParseFromString(serialized_graph)
# print(output_graph_def)
# 将output_graph_def导入当前默认图中(加载模型)
tf.import_graph_def(output_graph_def, name='')
print('模型加载完成')
# 使用默认图，此时已经加载了模型
detection_graph = tf.get_default_graph()
# self.sess = tf.Session(graph=detection_graph)
config = tf.ConfigProto()
config.gpu_options.allow_growth = True
sess = tf.Session(config=config, graph=detection_graph)
#导出图中输入变量
image_tensor = detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('input_1:0')
#导出图中输出变量
boxes=detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('filtered_detections/map/TensorArrayStack/TensorArrayGatherV3:0')
scores = detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('filtered_detections/map/TensorArrayStack_1/TensorArrayGatherV3:0')
classes = detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('filtered_detections/map/TensorArrayStack_2/TensorArrayGatherV3:0')
return sess, image_tensor, boxes,scores, classes
def main(export_model_dir):
sess, image_tensor, boxes,scores, classes = export_model(PATH_TO_CKPT)
#创建一个builder
export_path_base = export_model_dir
export_path = os.path.join(
tf.compat.as_bytes(export_path_base))
builder = tf.compat.v1.saved_model.builder.SavedModelBuilder(export_path)
print('step2 => Export path(%s) ready to export trained model' % export_path)
#创建tensorflow/serving模型输入输出映射
inputs = {'input': tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info(image_tensor)}
outputs = {'loc_box': tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info(boxes),
'fire_pre': tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info(scores),
'fire_class': tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info(classes)}
prediction_signature = (tf.compat.v1.saved_model.signature_def_utils.build_signature_def(
inputs, outputs, method_name=tf.saved_model.PREDICT_METHOD_NAME))
print('step3 => prediction_signature created successfully')
# 建立模型名称与模型签名之间的映射
builder.add_meta_graph_and_variables(sess, [tf.saved_model.SERVING],
signature_def_map={'predict': prediction_signature})
# tf.saved_model.DEFAULT_SERVING_SIGNATURE_DEF_KEY:prediction_signature,
# })
print('step4 => builder successfully add meta graph and variables\nNext is to export model...')
builder.save()
print('Done exporting!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
PATH_TO_PB = 'snapshots/model.pb'
outputs = 'snapshots/my_models'
main(outputs)2.3、tensorflow训练得到的.pb模型
import tensorflow as tf
import os
def export_model(PATH_TO_CKPT):
checkpoint_file = tf.train.latest_checkpoint(PATH_TO_CKPT)
graph = tf.Graph()
with graph.as_default():
session_conf = tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True, log_device_placement=False)
sess = tf.Session(config=session_conf)
with sess.as_default():
# 载入保存好的meta graph
saver = tf.train.import_meta_graph("{}.meta".format(PATH_TO_CKPT))
saver.restore(sess, checkpoint_file)
#恢复图中输入变量
image_tensor = detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('input_1:0')
#恢复图中输出变量
boxes=graph.get_tensor_by_name('filtered_detections/map/TensorArrayStack/TensorArrayGatherV3:0')
scores = graph.get_tensor_by_name('filtered_detections/map/TensorArrayStack_1/TensorArrayGatherV3:0')
classes = graph.get_tensor_by_name('filtered_detections/map/TensorArrayStack_2/TensorArrayGatherV3:0')
return sess, image_tensor, boxes,scores, classes
def main(export_model_dir):
sess, image_tensor, boxes,scores, classes = export_model(PATH_TO_CKPT)
# 创建一个builder
export_path_base = export_model_dir
export_path = os.path.join(
tf.compat.as_bytes(export_path_base))
builder = tf.compat.v1.saved_model.builder.SavedModelBuilder(export_path)
print('step2 => Export path(%s) ready to export trained model' % export_path)
# 定义模型的输入输出，建立调用接口与tensor签名之间的映射
inputs = {'input': tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info(image_tensor)}
outputs = {'loc_box': tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info(boxes),
'fire_pre': tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info(scores),
'fire_class': tf.compat.v1.saved_model.utils.build_tensor_info(classes)
prediction_signature = (tf.compat.v1.saved_model.signature_def_utils.build_signature_def(
inputs, outputs, method_name=tf.saved_model.PREDICT_METHOD_NAME))
print('step3 => prediction_signature created successfully')
# 建立模型名称与模型签名之间的映射
builder.add_meta_graph_and_variables(sess, [tf.saved_model.SERVING],
signature_def_map={'predict': prediction_signature})
# tf.saved_model.DEFAULT_SERVING_SIGNATURE_DEF_KEY:prediction_signature,
# })
print('step4 => builder successfully add meta graph and variables\nNext is to export model...')
builder.save()
print('Done exporting!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
PATH_TO_CKPT = 'snapshots/model.ckpt'
outputs = 'snapshots/my_models'
main(outputs)3、远程部署
3.1、拉取镜像
$: docker pull tensorflow/serving:latest #cpu版本
$: docker pull tensorflow/serving:gpu-latest #gpu版本，nvidia驱动要求满足cuda10.0以上
3.2、模型文件夹结构(--表示文件夹，-表示文件)：
-- mul_models
-- fire-model
-- 1 #文件夹名必须是数字
- *.pb；
-- variable
3.3、启动服务
$: docker run -d --runtime=nvidia --rm -p 8500:8500 -p 8501:8501 --mount type=bind,source=${model_path},target=/models/fire-model -e MODEL_NAME=fire-model -e NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 -t tensorflow/serving:latest-gpu
#注意:
(1)tensorflow/serving镜像默认的端口是8500和8501，其中8500访问方式是grpc方式,8501访问方式是HTTP方式；
(2)执行该命令时，mount、source、target命令之间不能存在空格，否则会报错
(3)更新模型时，直接将新的模型文件丢进fire-model 文件夹里面即可，无需停止服
3.4、参数说明
--mount： 表示要进行挂载
source： 指定要运行部署的tensorflow/serving模型地址，
target: 挂载到docker容器中/models/目录下，如果改变路径会出现找不到model的错误
-t: 指定的是挂载到哪个容器
-d: 后台运行
-p: 指定主机到docker容器的端口映射
-e: 环境变量
-v: docker数据卷 #可选择
--name: 指定容器name，后续使用比用container_id更方便 #可选择
--per_process_gpu_memory_fraction：模型启动时占用gpu的显存4、多个模型同时远程部署
第3步是针对单个深度学习模型进行远程部署.但在实际应用中，我们可能有多个深度学习模型需要部署，其实很简单，tensorflow/serving镜像允许通过配置文件来同时\
部署多个模型。
4.1、模型文件夹结构(--表示文件夹，-表示文件)：
-- mul_models
- model.config
-- my_models1
-- 1
- *.pb；
-- variable
-- 2
- *.pb
-- variables
-- my_models2
-- 1
- *.pb
-- variables
-- my_models3
-- 3
- *.pb
-- variables
4.2、编写model.config配置文件：
model_config_list:{
config:{
name:"my_models1", #模型名称，一般用文件夹名称即可
base_path:"/models/mul_models/my_models1", #模型在容器中的路径
model_platform:"tensorflow"，
model_version_policy:{ #部署该文件下模型的所有版本
all:{}
}
},
config:{
name:"my_models2",
base_path:"/models/mul_models/my_models2",
model_platform:"tensorflow"，
model_version_policy:{ #部署该文件下模型最新版本
latest:{
num_verision:1
}
}
},
config:{
name:"my_model3",
base_path:"/models/mul_models/my_model3",
model_platform:"tensorflow",
model_version_policy: { #部署该文件下模型指定版本
specific: {
versions: 1
}
}
}
}
4.3、启动服务：
$: docker run --runtime=nvidia --rm -p 8500:8500 --mount type=bind,source=${model_path},target=/models/deep_models -e NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 -t tensorflow/serving:latest-gpu --model_config_file=/models/deep_models/model.config5、测试
tensorflow/serving镜像默认有两种访问方式，分别为grpc方式和HTTP方式，从响应速度方面来看，grpc方式速度更快。
5.1 grpc方式
5.1.1 安装tensorflow-serving-api
$: pip install tensorflow-serving-api（注：该api安装的版本必须要与tensorflow版本对应）5.1.2 测试代码
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow_serving.apis import predict_pb2
from tensorflow_serving.apis import prediction_service_pb2_grpc
import grpc #如果报错找不到grpc模块，终端进行安装：pip install grpc
import cv2
import numpy as np
from time import time
channel = grpc.insecure_channel("localhost:8500")
stub = prediction_service_pb2_grpc.PredictionServiceStub(channel)
request1 = predict_pb2.PredictRequest()
request1.model_spec.name = "fire_models"
#request1.model_spec.signature_name = tf.saved_model.DEFAULT_SERVING_SIGNATURE_DEF_KEY
request1.model_spec.signature_name = "predict"
preprocess(image):
'''
模型输入前期处理
'''
def postprocess(boxes,scores,labels):
'''
模型输出后期处理
'''
def main():
img_path = "path/to/image"
image = cv.imread(img_path)
preprocess(image)
a1 = time()
request1.inputs["input"].ParseFromString(
tf.contrib.util.make_tensor_proto(image_np_expanded, dtype=tf.float32).SerializeToString())
response = stub.Predict(request1)
a2 = time()
print('目标检测响应时间{}'.format(a1 - a2))
results = {}
for key in response.outputs:
tensor_proto = response.outputs[key]
results[key] = tf.contrib.util.make_ndarray(tensor_proto)
boxes = results["loc_box"]
scores = results["fire_pre"]
labels = results["fire_class"]
postprocess(boxes,scores,labels)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()5.2 HTTP方式
import requests
from time import time
import json
import numpy as np
import cv2
def preprocess(image):
'''
模型输入前期处理
'''
def postprocess(boxes,scores,labels):
'''
模型输出后期处理
'''
def main():
url = 'http://localhost:8501/v1/models/my_models:predict' #配置IP和port
img_path = "path/to/image"
image = cv.imread(img_path)
preprocess(image)
a1 = time()
predict_request = { "inputs" : image_np_expanded.tolist()} #准备需要发送的数据，"inputs"与与.pb模型设置的输入节点一致
r = requests.post(url, json=predict_request) #发送请求
a2 = time()
print('目标检测响应时间{}'.format(a1 - a2))
prediction = json.loads(r.content.decode("utf-8"))['outputs'] #获取响应结果
boxes = np.array(prediction.get("loc_box"))
scores = np.array(prediction.get('fire_pre'))
labels = np.array(prediction.get("fire_class"))
postprocess(boxes,scores,labels)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()至此，tensorflow/serving深度学习模型在线部署已全部完成。
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