一,Springmvc简介及配置
1. 什么是springMVC?
Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了MVC设计模式的、请求驱动类型的、轻量级Web框架。
Springmvc与struts相似,不同的是
1.struts配置的是过滤器,springMVC配置的是servlet
2.struts每写一个子控制器都需要在xml中配置,但是springMVC只需要配置一次
3.针对于结果的跳转,struts中需要额外配置,springMVC不需要
共同点:
1.web.xml进行核心类的配置
2.子控制器都需要交给框架来管理
SpringMVC处理请求的流程
1.首先用户发送请求----》DispatherServlet 找到 hangdlermapping使hangdlermapping拿到
/hello字符串
2.HandlerAdapt 通过 /hello找到对应方法
3.方法被调用,return一个结果
4.结果会变成modelAndVie 通过 InternalResourceViewResolver实现这个过程返回到客户端
二、Springmvc之helloword实现
在pom中替换含有spring-context的那个dependency
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
在WEB-INF下创建springmvc-servlet.xml(spring-mvc.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 通过context:component-scan元素扫描指定包下的控制器-->
<!--1) 扫描com.javaxl.zf及子子孙孙包下的控制器(扫描范围过大,耗时)-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ltf"/>扫描包,spring里面的注解默认扫描的是 mapper,dao,controler,但是spring管理的controler不会管理浏览器发送的请求,springmvc框架才会处理这个请求,因此springmvc框架要单独得去扫描com.ltf下面的包,再去子控制器找对应方法进行处理,提供请求地址进行关联
<!--2) 此标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter -->
<!--两个bean,这两个bean是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。并提供了数据绑定支持,-->
<!--@NumberFormatannotation支持,@DateTimeFormat支持,@Valid支持,读写XML的支持(JAXB),读写JSON的支持(Jackson)-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--3) ViewResolver --> 本地资源视图解析器
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- viewClass需要在pom中引入两个包:standard.jar and jstl.jar -->
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
<property name="prefix" value="/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>这就是区别于strus只需要配置一次的地方
<!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 -->
<!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>-->
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
<!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>-->
</beans>
替换web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 读取Spring上下文的监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--此参数可以不配置,默认值为:/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<!--web.xml 3.0的新特性,是否支持异步-->
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
在controller包下建立HelloController类
package com.ltf.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
return "hello";
}
}
@Controller 表示交给spring进行管理
@RequestMapping("/hello")相当于struts-sy中的 Action标签的配置
建立jsp页面
package com.sjy.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
return "hello";
}
}
配置项目
锤子旁边配置tomcat,点击编辑配置,点击+,如图选择
配置tomcat路径
第四个已经编译好了,运行起来较快
选择浏览器和更新类和资源(修改页面内容自动更新)
启动项目会报错
报错原因
<!-- ********************** JSTL依赖 ********************** -->
<!-- 缺少下面的这两个jar包会报java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config-->
<!-- 原因:org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView在视图解析时需要这二个jar包-->
前后端交互json则不需要
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
重新启动项目
三、Springmvc常用注解及返回值处理
1.建立BookController类
package com.ltf.controller;
import com.ltf.model.Book;
import com.ltf.service.BookService;
import com.ltf.util.PageBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
@RequestMapping("/preSave")
public String preSave(Book book, HttpServletRequest request){
if(book.getBid() != null){
Book b = this.bookService.selectByPrimaryKey(book.getBid());
request.setAttribute("book2",b);
}
return "bookEdit";
}
@RequestMapping("/add")
public String add(Book book){
this.bookService.insert(book);
return "redirect:/book/list";
}
@RequestMapping("/del/{bid}")
public String del(@PathVariable(value = "bid") Integer bid){
this.bookService.deleteByPrimaryKey(bid);
return "redirect:/book/list";
}
@RequestMapping("/list")
public String list(HttpServletRequest request,Book book){
PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
pageBean.setRequest(request);
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("bname","%圣墟%");
List<Map> list = this.bookService.listPager(map, pageBean);
request.setAttribute("bookList",list);
request.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean);
return "bookList";
}
@RequestMapping("/edit")
public String edit(Book book){
this.bookService.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(book);
return "redirect:/book/list";
}
}
@Controller :标识当前controller类交给spring进行管理
@RequestMapping:
①此注解标记在类上面,那么相当于struts中命名空间的概念sy/book.action
②此注解标记在方法上,仅代表浏览器访问地址
springMVC针对于结果的处理有四种形式:
①转发到页面 :“hello”
②重定向到页面 :“redirect:hello”
③转发到子控制器 :“forward:/book/list”
④重定向到子控制器 :return “redirect:/book/list”
删除方法中
@RequestMapping("/del/{bid}")和@PathVariable(value = "bid") Integer bid
第一个的pid要与第二个的pid一致,否则拿不到
@PathVariable将浏览器中最后的参数进行封装获取
2.建立查询和修改的页面
bookList
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%--<%@ taglib uri="/zking" prefix="z" %>--%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function add(){
// window.location.href = "bookEdit.jsp";
window.location.href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave";
}
function update(bid){
window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave?bid="+bid;
}
function del(bid){
window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/"+bid;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/list"
method="post">
书名:<input type="text" name="bname"> <input type="submit"
value="确定">
</form>
<button οnclick="add();">新增</button>
<table border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
<td>编号</td>
<td>名称</td>
<td>价格</td>
<td>操作</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${bookList }" var="b">
<tr>
<td>${b.bid }</td>
<td>${b.bname }</td>
<td>${b.price }</td>
<td>
<button οnclick="update(${b.bid });">修改</button>
<button οnclick="del(${b.bid });">删除</button>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<%--<z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page>--%>
</body>
</html>
bookEdit
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function doSubmit(bid){
var bookForm = document.getElementById("bookForm");
if(bid){
//修改时候执行
bookForm.action = '${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/edit';
}else{
//新增时候执行
bookForm.action = '${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/add';
}
bookForm.submit();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form id="bookForm" action="" method="post">
bid:<input type="text" name="bid" value="${book2.bid }"><br>
bname:<input type="text" name="bname" value="${book2.bname }"><br>
price:<input type="text" name="price" value="${book2.price }"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交" οnclick="doSubmit('${book2.bid }');"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
运行结果如下
四、Springmvc静态资源处理
把图片当成一个请求处理
需要在spring-mvc中进行配置
<mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/>