SpringMVC又一个漂亮的web框架，他与Struts2并驾齐驱，Struts出世早而占据了一定优势，我在博客《Struts1+Hibernate+Spring整合实例》中做了一个简单的实例，介绍了SSH1的基本搭建方式，Struts2是根据Struts1发展而来，博客中就没有贴SSH2的例子，只对比了下Struts1和Struts2异同，通过对比，SSH2的搭建基本不在话下了。下面同样做一个简单的应用实例，介绍SpringMVC的基本用法，接下来的博客也将梳理一下Struts2和SpringMVC的一些异同，通过梳理和旧知识的联系，让学习的成本变低，花很短的时间就可以了解一门貌似新的技术，其实本质没变。
下面开始实例，这个实例的需求是对用户信息进行增删改查。首先创建一个web项目test_ssh，目录结构及需要的Jar包如下图：
创建一个User实体类，放在Entity包下，采用注解的方式：
1. package com.tgb.entity;
2.
3. import javax.persistence.Column;
4. import javax.persistence.Entity;
5. import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
6. import javax.persistence.Id;
7. import javax.persistence.Table;
8.
9. import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
10.
11. @Entity
12. @Table(name="T_USER")
13. public class User {
14.
15. @Id
16. @GeneratedValue(generator="system-uuid")
17. @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid",strategy="uuid")
18. @Column(length=32)
19. private String id;
20.
21. @Column(length=32)
22. private String userName;
23.
24. @Column(length=32)
25. private String age;
26.
27. public String getId() {
28. return id;
29. }
30.
31. public void setId(String id) {
32. this.id = id;
33. }
34.
35. public String getUserName() {
36. return userName;
37. }
38.
39. public void setUserName(String userName) {
40. this.userName = userName;
41. }
42.
43. public String getAge() {
44. return age;
45. }
46.
47. public void setAge(String age) {
48. this.age = age;
49. }
50.
51. }
本篇关于SpringMVC基本都会采用注解的方式，首先配置好数据源以及事务spring-common.xml，放在config.spring包下：
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
8.
9. <!-- 配置数据源 -->
10. <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" >
11. <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
12. <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test_ssh"></property>
13. <property name="username" value="root"></property>
14. <property name="password" value="1"></property>
15. </bean>
16.
17. <!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
18. <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
19. <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
20. <property name="hibernateProperties">
21. <props>
22. <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
23. <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
24. <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
25. <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
26. </props>
27. </property>
28. <property name="annotatedClasses">
29. <list>
30. <value>com.tgb.entity.User</value>
31. </list>
32. </property>
33. </bean>
34.
35. <!-- 配置一个事务管理器 -->
36. <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
37. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
38. </bean>
39.
40. <!-- 配置事务，使用代理的方式 -->
41. <bean id="transactionProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
42. <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
43. <property name="transactionAttributes">
44. <props>
45. <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop>
46. <prop key="modify*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-myException</prop>
47. <prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
48. <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
49. </props>
50. </property>
51. </bean>
52. </beans>
然后配置关于SpringMVC的内容，下面配置中都有注释说明，就不再赘述，spring-mvc.xml放在config.spring包下：
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
12.
13. <!-- 注解扫描包 -->
14. <context:component-scan base-package="com.tgb" />
15.
16. <!-- 开启注解 -->
17. <mvc:annotation-driven />
18.
19. <!-- 静态资源(js/image)的访问 -->
20. <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
21.
22. <!-- 定义视图解析器 -->
23. <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
24. <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
25. <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
26. </bean>
27. </beans>
完成这些共用的配置之后，来配置web项目起点web.xml：
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
3. <display-name>json_test</display-name>
4. <welcome-file-list>
5. <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
6. </welcome-file-list>
7.
8. <!-- 加载所有的配置文件 -->
9. <context-param>
10. <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
11. <param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
12. </context-param>
13.
14. <!-- 配置Spring监听 -->
15. <listener>
16. <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
17. </listener>
18.
19. <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
20. <servlet>
21. <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
22. <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
23. <init-param>
24. <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
25. <param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
26. </init-param>
27. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
28. </servlet>
29. <servlet-mapping>
30. <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
31. <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
32. </servlet-mapping>
33.
34. <!-- 配置字符集 -->
35. <filter>
36. <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
37. <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
38. <init-param>
39. <param-name>encoding</param-name>
40. <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
41. </init-param>
42. <init-param>
43. <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
44. <param-value>true</param-value>
45. </init-param>
46. </filter>
47. <filter-mapping>
48. <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
49. <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
50. </filter-mapping>
51.
52. <!-- 配置Session -->
53. <filter>
54. <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
55. <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
56. </filter>
57. <filter-mapping>
58. <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
59. <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
60. </filter-mapping>
61. </web-app>
读者需自行下载jQuery包，放到webContent文件夹下的js包下。然后创建几个测试页面，分别如下：
Login.jsp，项目的入口界面。
<h5><a href="/test_ssh/user/getAllUser">进入用户管理页</a></h5>
Index.jsp，用户管理的主界面
1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
2. pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
3. <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
4. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.7.1.js"></script>
8. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
9. <title>Insert title here</title>
10. <script type="text/javascript">
11. function del(id){
12. $.get("/test_ssh/user/delUser?id=" + id,function(data){
13. if("success" == data.result){
14. alert("删除成功");
15. window.location.reload();
16. }else{
17. alert("删除失败");
18. }
19. });
20. }
21. </script>
22. </head>
23. <body>
24. <h6><a href="/test_ssh/user/toAddUser">添加用户</a></h6>
25. <table border="1">
26. <tbody>
27. <tr>
28. <th>姓名</th>
29. <th>年龄</th>
30. <th>操作</th>
31. </tr>
32. <c:if test="${!empty userList }">
33. <c:forEach items="${userList }" var="user">
34. <tr>
35. <td>${user.userName }</td>
36. <td>${user.age }</td>
37. <td>
38. <a href="/test_ssh/user/getUser?id=${user.id }">编辑</a>
39. <a href="javascript:del('${user.id }')">删除</a>
40. </td>
41. </tr>
42. </c:forEach>
43. </c:if>
44. </tbody>
45. </table>
46. </body>
47. </html>
addUser.jsp，添加用户界面
1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
2. pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
3. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4. <html>
5. <head>
6. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
7. <title>Insert title here</title>
8. <script type="text/javascript">
9. function addUser(){
10. var form = document.forms[0];
11. form.action = "/test_ssh/user/addUser";
12. form.method="post";
13. form.submit();
14. }
15. </script>
16. </head>
17. <body>
18. <h1>添加用户</h1>
19. <form action="" name="userForm">
20. 姓名：<input type="text" name="userName">
21. 年龄：<input type="text" name="age">
22. <input type="button" value="添加" οnclick="addUser()">
23. </form>
24. </body>
25. </html>
editUser.jsp，修改用户信息界面。
1. <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
2. pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
3. <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
4. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
5. <html>
6. <head>
7. <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.7.1.js"></script>
8. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
9. <title>Insert title here</title>
10. </head>
11. <body>
12. <h1>编辑用户</h1>
13. <form action="/test_ssh/user/updateUser" name="userForm" method="post">
14. <input type="hidden" name="id" value="${user.id }">
15. 姓名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${user.userName }">
16. 年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="${user.age }">
17. <input type="submit" value="编辑" >
18. </form>
19. </body>
20. </html>
还有success.jsp和error.jsp页面，无代码，就不再展示。
然后
首先是web包下属于的control层的类UserController，这相当于Struts中的Action，是重要的类：
1. package com.tgb.web;
2.
3. import java.io.IOException;
4. import java.io.PrintWriter;
5.
6. import javax.annotation.Resource;
7. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
9.
10. import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
11. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
12.
13. import com.tgb.entity.User;
14. import com.tgb.manager.UserManager;
15.
16. @Controller
17. @RequestMapping("/user")
18. public class UserController {
19.
20. @Resource(name="userManager")
21. private UserManager userManager;
22.
23. @RequestMapping("/getAllUser")
24. public String getAllUser(HttpServletRequest request){
25.
26. request.setAttribute("userList", userManager.getAllUser());
27.
28. return "/index";
29. }
30.
31. @RequestMapping("/getUser")
32. public String getUser(String id,HttpServletRequest request){
33.
34. request.setAttribute("user", userManager.getUser(id));
35.
36. return "/editUser";
37. }
38.
39. @RequestMapping("/toAddUser")
40. public String toAddUser(){
41. return "/addUser";
42. }
43.
44. @RequestMapping("/addUser")
45. public String addUser(User user,HttpServletRequest request){
46.
47. userManager.addUser(user);
48.
49. return "redirect:/user/getAllUser";
50. }
51.
52. @RequestMapping("/delUser")
53. public void delUser(String id,HttpServletResponse response){
54.
55. String result = "{\"result\":\"error\"}";
56.
57. if(userManager.delUser(id)){
58. result = "{\"result\":\"success\"}";
59. }
60.
61. response.setContentType("application/json");
62.
63. try {
64. PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
65. out.write(result);
66. } catch (IOException e) {
67. e.printStackTrace();
68. }
69. }
70.
71. @RequestMapping("/updateUser")
72. public String updateUser(User user,HttpServletRequest request){
73.
74. if(userManager.updateUser(user)){
75. user = userManager.getUser(user.getId());
76. request.setAttribute("user", user);
77. return "redirect:/user/getAllUser";
78. }else{
79. return "/error";
80. }
81. }
82. }
然后是属于manager包下的业务逻辑类，接口UserManager：
1. package com.tgb.manager;
2.
3. import java.util.List;
4.
5. import com.tgb.entity.User;
6.
7. public interface UserManager {
8.
9. public User getUser(String id);
10.
11. public List<User> getAllUser();
12.
13. public void addUser(User user);
14.
15. public boolean delUser(String id);
16.
17. public boolean updateUser(User user);
18. }
实现类UserManagerImpl：
1. package com.tgb.manager;
2.
3. import java.util.List;
4.
5. import com.tgb.dao.UserDao;
6. import com.tgb.entity.User;
7.
8. public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
9.
10. private UserDao userDao;
11.
12. public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
13. this.userDao = userDao;
14. }
15.
16. @Override
17. public User getUser(String id) {
18. return userDao.getUser(id);
19. }
20.
21. @Override
22. public List<User> getAllUser() {
23. return userDao.getAllUser();
24. }
25.
26. @Override
27. public void addUser(User user) {
28. userDao.addUser(user);
29. }
30.
31. @Override
32. public boolean delUser(String id) {
33.
34. return userDao.delUser(id);
35. }
36.
37. @Override
38. public boolean updateUser(User user) {
39. return userDao.updateUser(user);
40. }
41.
42. }
最后是属于dao包底下的DAO层，主要由hibernate完成。接口UserDao：
1. package com.tgb.dao;
2.
3. import java.util.List;
4.
5. import com.tgb.entity.User;
6.
7. public interface UserDao {
8.
9. public User getUser(String id);
10.
11. public List<User> getAllUser();
12.
13. public void addUser(User user);
14.
15. public boolean delUser(String id);
16.
17. public boolean updateUser(User user);
18. }
实现类UserDaoImpl：
1. package com.tgb.dao;
2.
3. import java.util.List;
4.
5. import org.hibernate.Query;
6. import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
7.
8. import com.tgb.entity.User;
9.
10. public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
11.
12. private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
13.
14. public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
15. this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
16. }
17.
18. @Override
19. public User getUser(String id) {
20.
21. String hql = "from User u where u.id=?";
22. Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
23. query.setString(0, id);
24.
25. return (User)query.uniqueResult();
26. }
27.
28. @Override
29. public List<User> getAllUser() {
30.
31. String hql = "from User";
32. Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
33.
34. return query.list();
35. }
36.
37. @Override
38. public void addUser(User user) {
39. sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);
40. }
41.
42. @Override
43. public boolean delUser(String id) {
44.
45. String hql = "delete User u where u.id = ?";
46. Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
47. query.setString(0, id);
48.
49. return (query.executeUpdate() > 0);
50. }
51.
52. @Override
53. public boolean updateUser(User user) {
54.
55. String hql = "update User u set u.userName = ?,u.age=? where u.id = ?";
56. Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
57. query.setString(0, user.getUserName());
58. query.setString(1, user.getAge());
59. query.setString(2, user.getId());
60.
61. return (query.executeUpdate() > 0);
62. }
63.
64. }
最后外加一个配置spring-beans.xml，放在config.spring包下，负责为各层依赖注入需要的对象：
1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
8.
9. <bean id="userDao" class="com.tgb.dao.UserDaoImpl">
10. <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
11. </bean>
12.
13. <bean id="userManagerBase" class="com.tgb.manager.UserManagerImpl">
14. <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
15. </bean>
16.
17. <!-- 此处为代理 -->
18. <bean name="userManager" parent="transactionProxy">
19. <property name="target" ref="userManagerBase"></property>
20. </bean>
21. </beans>
到此为止，所有的配置和代码完成，部署—运行，运行结果如下图：
这个小实例结束
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