====本文旨在记录实验过程，原理相关请参见其他相关资料====
实验目的：模拟在物理机中安装kvm虚拟机并搭建cobbler服务器， 实现自动化（个性化）安装。
真实环境，可以在IDC机房中将物理机连接到同一二层交换机接可以，在一台物理机中安装kvm虚拟机（搭建cobbler服务器）
环境介绍：localhost模拟物理机使用的NAT模式，在localhost中创建cobbler_server 虚拟机；
cobbler_server 桥接到 localhost创建的虚拟网桥 br0上；在其中搭建cobbler tftp dhcp rsync服务；
cobbler_client 自动化安装后的主机，使用的与localhost 相同的NAT模式。以便与开机后可以获取IP。
实验准备工作
#取消vmw的NAT模式下的DHCP功能，防止安装cobbler_server 中dhcp功能受影响。
#配置vnet8 为静态IP
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux node5 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 16:44:24 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux#################################################################################
一、centos7.5安装kvm虚拟机
#下载阿里云epel源文件
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
#临时关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F && setenforce
#使用KVM（基于内核的虚拟机）+ QEMU的虚拟化。 需要具有Intel VT或AMD-V功能的CPU。要有vmx|svm才支持虚拟化
#本机已开启vmw的cpu虚拟化功能
[root@localhost ~]# egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
#yum安装KVM模块以及 libvirt ##qemu-kvm\libvirt 在updates 源中
[root@localhost ~]# yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utils virt-manager (图形管理工具可选)
#安装完毕检测是否加载kvm相关模块
[root@node5 ~]# lsmod | grep kvm
kvm_intel 174841 0
kvm 578518 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
#创建虚拟网桥，修改配置文件
修改前
[root@localhost /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33 ; cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="9e87410a-63b9-43a2-b6e6-f20031261ea9"
DEVICE="ens33"
IPV6_PRIVACY="no"
ONBOOT="yes
IPADDR="192.168.188.15"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.188.2"
DNS1="192.168.188.2"
修改后
[root@localhost /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
DEVICE="ens33"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="none"
ONBOOT="yes"
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no ###建议配置
[root@localhost /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
DEVICE="br0"
TYPE="Bridge"
BOOTPROTO="none"
ONBOOT="yes"
NM_CONTROLLED=no ###建议配置
IPADDR="192.168.188.15"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.188.2"
DNS1="192.168.188.2"
#关闭NetworkManager服务
[root@localhost /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts]# systemctl stop NetworkManager
[root@localhost /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts]# systemctl disable NetworkManager
#重启网络服务，可以看到IP已经配置到br0上
[root@localhost /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
#开启libvirtd 服务，可以看到默认virbr0 网桥
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd #使开机自动启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status libvirtd #查看服务状态
#接下来创建用于存放ISO文件，以及磁盘映像文件的目录；
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -v /home/{iso,img}
#上传ISO文件至目录
[root@localhost /home/iso]# ll -h
total 906M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 906M Aug 29 23:58 CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.iso
#创建磁盘映像文件，格式指定为qcow2格式 （稀疏），不同的映像文件应用场景不同，涉及kvm优化 本人不太懂，就不误导了
[root@localhost /home/img]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 centos75.qcow2 40G
[root@localhost /home/img]# qemu-img info centos75.qcow2
image: centos75.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 40G (42949672960 bytes)
disk size: 196K
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: false#指定虚拟机的主机名，cpu,内存，使用的磁盘文件，启动方式，以及vnc连接的地址、端口、密码 ，桥接网络，开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# virt-install --name centos75 --memory 512 --vcpu=4 -f /home/img/centos75.qcow2 --cdrom /home/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.iso --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5910,password='test.com@123',keymap='en-us' --network bridge=br0 --force --autostart#使用客户端vncview 连接libvirt服务端的地址和端口 进如kvm虚拟机安装界面
#修改虚拟机网卡配置文件配置跟localhost 同网段IP，测试网络的连通性。
#使用virsh 查看管理虚拟机,更多高级用法请自行查阅或请man
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 centos75 running
#开机 virsh start centos75
#关机 virsh shutdown centos75
#断电 virsh destroy centos75#虚拟机配置文件/etc/libvirt/qemu/*.xml
(*)可以根据此文件为模板，编写循环脚本更改部分内容，,也可对virt-install 进行循环 都可以批量生成kvm虚拟机。
[root@localhost /etc/libvirt/qemu]# yum install qemu-kvm-tools
[root@localhost /etc/libvirt/qemu]# rpm -ql qemu-kvm-tools
/usr/bin/kvm_stat
[root@localhost /etc/libvirt/qemu]# kvm_stat (虽然现在看不懂输出结果但是记录一下 )
kvm statistics
kvm_fpu 2596 108
kvm_exit 2068 90
kvm_entry 2068 90
kvm_pio 910 38
kvm_userspace_exit 910 38
kvm_emulate_insn 798 33
kvm_msr 649 29
kvm_hv_timer_state 618 27
kvm_inj_virq 470 20
kvm_apic_accept_irq 470 20
kvm_eoi 470 20
kvm_pv_eoi 465 20
kvm_wait_lapic_expire 403 17
kvm_vcpu_wakeup 388 16
kvm_ioapic_set_irq 126 6
kvm_set_irq 126 6
kvm_pic_set_irq 126 6
kvm_halt_poll_ns 74 3
kvm_apic 57 3
kvm_apic_ipi 26 1
kvm_msi_set_irq 7 0
kvm_exit(MSR_WRITE) 3 0
kvm_exit(HLT) 2 0#实现无密码登陆cobbler_server
#免密登陆成功
##################################################################
二、安装配置 cobbler服务(cobbler 可以看成PXE的进一步封装) 详细更多内容移步cobbler官网
会pxe cobbler肯定没有问题，cobbler可以管理 dhcp ,rsync ,tftp 以及添加其他额外的yum 源，实现精细化安装
#修改主机名，安装wget ,下载阿里云epel源文件( 以便安装cobbler)
[root@cobbler_server ~]# yum -y install wget ; wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
#安装cobbler服务涉及的组件
[root@cobbler_server ~]# yum install dhcp tftp-server syslinux cobbler cobbler-web mod_wsgi httpd pykickstart rsync
#
#临时关闭防火墙和 selinux ，启动cobbler httpd
#vim /etc/cobbler/setttings
#systemctl start tftp (UDP 69)
#cobbler get-loaders
#systemctl start rsyncd (TCP 873)
#cobbler get-loaders
#yum install debmirror （根据提示修改注释配置文件部分内容）
#vim /etc/selinux/config 修改策略为disabled
#同步一下，切记cobbler sync ##然后chbbler check 一下，所有修改完最好重启一下设备
#一切就绪可以开干了
[root@cobbler_server ~]# cobbler check
No configuration problems found. All systems go.#访问web界面
至此cobbler，ryncd,tftp,httpd 服务安装完成，差一个DHCP服务
vim /etc/cobbler/setttings
修改dhcp模板文件配置文件
[root@cobbler_server ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.188.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.188.2;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.188.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.188.50 192.168.188.60;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
#systemctl restart cobblerd && cobbler sync
#systemctl start dhcpd
#systemctl enable dhcpd#重启cobbler服务同步一下配置， 查看dhcp 服务状态（UDP 67）
测试vmw 桥接模式下主机能不能获取IP ，，dhcp也OK了
#挂载镜像文件（坑! 不知道怎么回事，直接指定iso文件位置，不挂载会有报错）
[root@cobbler_server ~]# mount -o loop -t iso9660 /iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1804.iso /mnt
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
#导入ISO 文件( ！path指定的是iso文件的挂载目录)
[root@cobbler_server ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=centos75 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2018-09-01_213323_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Sep 1 21:33:23 2018)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos75-x86_64:
creating new distro: centos75-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos75-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos75-x86_64
creating new profile: centos75-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos75-x86_64 for centos75-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos75-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos75-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos75-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos75-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***#导入成功发有相关发行版以及profiles生成，还会生成一份默认的ks文件（命令查看与web界面一致）
#如上tftp目录多了 发行版的内核文件以及 initrd.img 。
#启动菜单与下图相符，可以自定义图片以及相关提示信息。
实验成功！！！
################################################################
三、 简单介绍cobbler web界面的简单操作
该博客详细介绍了web界面的操作，我的师傅牛x 老大了，望成莫及 #主要关注 网络，运维，云计算方向openstack
https://blog.51cto.com/zhanguo1110/1671137
我主要看的是绑定mac地址，指定额外的yum源，实现定制安装， 配置IDAC 地址\用户名密码\以便通过cobbler 实现开关机；
老司机的世界我看不懂，他主要用于搭建openstack 的基础环境。 （snippets 、ks文件中可以实现安后脚本）
[root@localhost qemu]# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos72.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
virsh edit centos72
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<domain type='kvm'>
<name>centos72</name>
<uuid>4b781760-8b8a-4084-8341-bcd324d93a2b</uuid>
<memory unit='KiB'>524288</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static'>4</vcpu>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
</features>
<cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
<model fallback='allow'>Broadwell-noTSX</model>
</cpu>
<clock offset='utc'>
<timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
<timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
<timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
</clock>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<pm>
<suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
<suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
</pm>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/home/img/centos72.qcow2'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
<master startport='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
<master startport='2'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
<master startport='4'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='52:54:00:15:59:3e'/>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
<model name='isa-serial'/>
</target>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<channel type='unix'>
<target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
<address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
</channel>
<input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
<address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
</input>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5910' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us' passwd='test.com@123'>
<listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>
<video>
<model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/mengyao/2168947
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