springmvc执行原理面试题 springmvc的执行流程详解

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mob64ca14147fe3 2024-03-04 11:20:56

文章标签 springmvc执行原理面试题 spring sed 拦截器 MVC 文章分类 架构后端开发

SpringMVC的工作流程

SpringMVC也可以理解成一个类似于Spring的容器，首先要初始化容器，主要是建立所有url和controller的对应关系，保存到Map<url,controller>中，之后在接受请求，根据request快速定位到Controller，因为最终处理request的是Controller中的方法，Map中只保留了url和Controller中的对应关系，所以要根据request的url进一步确认Controller中的method。
&emsp本文主要讲解接收到request之后的工作流程。

SpringMVC请求处理流程

springmvc执行原理面试题 springmvc的执行流程详解_MVC

1、用户发送请求至前端控制器DispatcherServlet
2、 DispatcherServlet收到请求调用HandlerMapping处理器映射器。
3、处理器映射器根据请求url找到具体的处理器，生成处理器对象及处理器拦截器(如果有则生成)一并返回给DispatcherServlet。
4、 DispatcherServlet通过HandlerAdapter处理器适配器调用处理器
5、执行处理器(Controller，也叫后端控制器)。
6、 Controller执行完成返回ModelAndView
7、 HandlerAdapter将controller执行结果ModelAndView返回给DispatcherServlet
8、 DispatcherServlet将ModelAndView传给ViewReslover视图解析器
9、 ViewReslover解析后返回具体View
10、DispatcherServlet对View进行渲染视图（即将模型数据填充至视图中）。
11、DispatcherServlet响应用户
源码分析如下：
首先进入DispatcherServlet的doService()方法如下所示：

protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
	.........
		try {
			//核心方法
			doDispatch(request, response);
		}
		finally {
			if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
				if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
					restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
				}
			}
		}
	}

进入doDispatch(request, response);如下：

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

		try {
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
				//1、检测是否是文件上传请求
				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

				// Determine handler for the current request.
				//2、取得处理当前请求的hanlder,处理器,第一个步骤的意义就在这里体现了.这里并不是直接返
				//回hanlder,而是返回的HandlerExecutionChain请求处理器链对象,该对象封装了handler和interceptors.
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
				//判断是否为空
				if (mappedHandler == null) {
					noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
					return;
				}
				
				// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
				//获取处理request的处理器适配器handler adapte
				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
				// 处理 last-modified 请求头
				// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
				String method = request.getMethod();
				boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
				if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
					long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
					}
					if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
						return;
					}
				}
				//4、拦截器的预处理方法
				if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
					return;
				}

				// Actually invoke the handler.
				// 5.实际的处理器处理请求,返回结果视图对象
				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

				if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
					return;
				}

				applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
				// 6.拦截器的后处理方法
				mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				dispatchException = ex;
			}
			catch (Throwable err) {
				// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
				// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
				dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
			}
			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
		}
		catch (Throwable err) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
					new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
		}
		finally {
			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
				if (mappedHandler != null) {
				// 请求成功响应之后的方法
					mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
				}
			}
			else {
				// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
				if (multipartRequestParsed) {
					cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
				}
			}
		}
	}

第一步：获取所有的handler，其实获取的是HandlerExecutionChain执行链，源码如下：

protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
			for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) {
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace(
							"Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
				}
				//返回执行链
				HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
				if (handler != null) {
					return handler;
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

第二步：获取HandlerAdapter，源码如下：

protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
		if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
			for (HandlerAdapter ha : this.handlerAdapters) {
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace("Testing handler adapter [" + ha + "]");
				}
				if (ha.supports(handler)) {
					return ha;
				}
			}
		}
		throw new ServletException("No adapter for handler [" + handler +
				"]: The DispatcherServlet configuration needs to include a HandlerAdapter that supports this handler");
	}

HandlerAdapter是一个接口，实现类如下所示：

springmvc执行原理面试题 springmvc的执行流程详解_MVC_02

不同的HandlerAdapter对应不同controller的实现方式。

第三步是：mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)，调用所有的handler的PreHandle方法，源码如下：

boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
			for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {
				HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
				//执行拦截器中的preHandle方法
				if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
					triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
					return false;
				}
				this.interceptorIndex = i;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

第四步是ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());处理真正的controller请求，源码如下：

void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable ModelAndView mv)
			throws Exception {

		HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
			for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
				HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
				interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
			}
		}
	}

第五步是mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);这里applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);方法多做解释，根据名字就是到含义。

void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable ModelAndView mv)
			throws Exception {

		HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
			for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
				HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
				interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
			}
		}
	}

第六步processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);返回最后的结果。

private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
			@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
			@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {

		boolean errorView = false;

		if (exception != null) {
			if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
				logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
				mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
			}
			else {
				Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
				mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
				errorView = (mv != null);
			}
		}

		// Did the handler return a view to render?
		if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
			render(mv, request, response);
			if (errorView) {
				WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
			}
		}
		else {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() +
						"': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling");
			}
		}

		if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
			// Concurrent handling started during a forward
			return;
		}

		if (mappedHandler != null) {
			mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
		}
	}

第七步：mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);执行拦截器的 afterConcurrentHandlingStarted方法

void applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
			for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
				if (interceptors[i] instanceof AsyncHandlerInterceptor) {
					try {
						AsyncHandlerInterceptor asyncInterceptor = (AsyncHandlerInterceptor) interceptors[i];
						asyncInterceptor.afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(request, response, this.handler);
					}
					catch (Throwable ex) {
						logger.error("Interceptor [" + interceptors[i] + "] failed in afterConcurrentHandlingStarted", ex);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

里面调用的具体方法，会在之后的文章中进行详解。

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