（1）ifconfig：查询、设置网卡与IP网络等相关参数。
（2）ifup、ifdown：启动，关闭网卡
（3）route：查看配置路由表
（4）ip：整合式命令，可以直接修改上述描述的参数
1.ifconfig
功能：手动启动、查看与修改网络接口的相关参数。
语法：ifconfig {interface} {options}
interface：网卡接口名称。
options：可以使用的参数：
up，down：启动关闭网卡
mtu：设置不同的mtu值（注解：）
netmask：子网掩码
broadcast：广播地址
例1：查看所有的网络接口
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:64e7 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 44964 bytes 36769279 (35.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 26366 bytes 3381897 (3.2 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0列出eth0网卡的信息
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:64e7 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 45056 bytes 36776524 (35.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 26417 bytes 3387497 (3.2 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0例2：修改网口IP
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.42.200
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(192.168.42.180:22) at 22:25:57.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[c:\~]$ ssh 192.168.42.200
Connecting to 192.168.42.200:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request.
Last login: Wed Nov 20 21:44:49 2019 from 192.168.42.1
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.42.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:64e7 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 45320 bytes 36802465 (35.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 26544 bytes 3403897 (3.2 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.42.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.42.2 broadcast 192.168.42.255 mtu 1000
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.42.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4f:64e7 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 45998 bytes 36872352 (35.1 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 26965 bytes 3457938 (3.2 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 mtu 800
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800
inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 46105 bytes 36881632 (35.1 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 27012 bytes 3464246 (3.3 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0绑定IP
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.42.201
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800
inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 46210 bytes 36890938 (35.1 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 27071 bytes 3472671 (3.3 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800
inet 192.168.42.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.42.180/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global dynamic eth0
valid_lft 1713sec preferred_lft 1713sec
inet 192.168.42.200/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global secondary eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.42.201/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever关闭网卡
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 down
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800
inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 46345 bytes 36902353 (35.1 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 27146 bytes 3486767 (3.3 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 232 bytes 27098 (26.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0以上设置都是临时生效，重启网卡后即失效
例3：启动和关闭网卡
[root@localhost ~]# ifup eth0
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifdown eth0该命名实际上是执行的脚本文件，执行命令后，会到/etc/sysconfig/network-script/下找对应网口文件。若网口文件不存在，则也就使用不了此命令。
2.route
例4：查看路由
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0Destination，Genmask：network与netmask，两个值确定了一个网络。Gateway：该网络是通过那个网关出去的，如果现实0.0.0.0表示该路由是直接由本机传送，也就是可以通过局域网的MAC直接发送；如果现实IP则表示路由需要经过路由（网关）的帮忙才能发送出去Flags：U：该路由是启动的。
H：目标是一台主机而非网络
G:需要通过外部的主机来传递数据包。
R：使用动态路由时，恢复路由标志
D：动态路由Iface：路由传递数据包的接口
例5：路由的增加与删除在192.168.42.180节点上绑定一个10.0.0.120的地址
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 10.0.0.120
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.42.180/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global dynamic eth0
valid_lft 1716sec preferred_lft 1716sec
inet 10.0.0.120/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever在192.168.42.181上添加路由后访问
[root@localhost ~]# route add -net 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ping 10.0.0.120
PING 10.0.0.120 (10.0.0.120) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.120: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.832 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.120: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.369 ms
^C
--- 10.0.0.120 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1008ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.369/0.600/0.832/0.232 ms[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
删除路由
[root@localhost ~]# route del default gw 192.168.42.2
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
3.ip
语法：ip [option] [动作] [命令]
选项与参数：
option：设置的参数，主要有：
-s：显示出设备的统计数据，例如：接收到数据包的总数等。
操作：
link：与设备相关的设置，包括MTU，MAC地址等
addr/address:多个IP的实现
route：与路由有关的相关设置
3.1 关于接口设备的相关设置
ip link可以设置与设备（device）有关的相关参数，包括MTU以及该网络接口的MAC等，当然也可以启动或关闭某一个网络接口，
例6：显示本机所有的接口信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff[root@localhost ~]# ip link show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff[root@localhost ~]# ip -s link show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
27137997 24688 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
856945 10922 0 0 0 0例7：网卡的启动与关闭
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0:0 down
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(192.168.42.180:22) at 23:27:50.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0 up例8：ip命令设置mtu
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.42.181 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe14:b5f9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 24942 bytes 27160114 (25.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 11046 bytes 871704 (851.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 30 bytes 1622 (1.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 30 bytes 1622 (1.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0 mtu 1000
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1000
inet 192.168.42.181 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
ether 00:0c:29:14:b5:f9 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 25015 bytes 27166560 (25.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 11083 bytes 876951 (856.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 30 bytes 1622 (1.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 30 bytes 1622 (1.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0例9：修改网卡名与mac
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0 name aaa
RTNETLINK answers: Device or resource busy
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth1 down
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth1 name aaa
[root@localhost ~]# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: aaa: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff[root@localhost ~]# ip link set aaa address aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa
[root@localhost ~]# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: aaa: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff3.2 关于额外IP的相关设定：
主要是在设置与ip有关的各项参数，包括netmask、broadcast等。
例10：查看ip参数
[root@localhost ~]# ip address show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.42.180/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global dynamic eth0
valid_lft 1731sec preferred_lft 1731sec
3: aaa: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]# ip a s
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 800 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.42.180/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global dynamic eth0
valid_lft 1726sec preferred_lft 1726sec
3: aaa: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether aa:aa:aa:aa:aa:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff例11：添加网络接口
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 192.168.42.200/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800
inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 48674 bytes 37107043 (35.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 28250 bytes 3636665 (3.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800
inet 192.168.42.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 234 bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 234 bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0例12：删除添加的接口
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr del 192.168.42.200/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800
inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 48807 bytes 37118961 (35.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 28326 bytes 3647272 (3.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 234 bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 234 bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 03.3关于路由的相关设定
例13 ：显示当前的路由信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip route show
default via 192.168.42.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100
192.168.42.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.180 metric 100例14：添加路由，主要是本机直接可联通的网络
在192.168.42.180上添加10.0.0.10网口
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 10.0.0.10/24 dev eth0 label eth0:0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800
inet 192.168.42.180 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.42.255
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 49183 bytes 37152239 (35.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 28542 bytes 3673127 (3.5 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 800
inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:4f:64:e7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 234 bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 234 bytes 27309 (26.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0在192.168.42.181上添加静态路由
[root@localhost ~]# ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip route show
default via 192.168.42.2 dev eth0 proto static metric 100
10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 scope link
192.168.42.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.42.181 metric 100
[root@localhost ~]# ping 10.0.0.10
PING 10.0.0.10 (10.0.0.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
^C
--- 10.0.0.10 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.269/0.363/0.458/0.096 ms例15 增加可以通往外部的路由
[root@localhost ~]# ip route add 192.168.192.0/24 via 192.168.42.181 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.192.0 192.168.42.181 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0例16：增加静态路由
[root@localhost ~]# ip route add default via 192.168.42.2 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.192.0 192.168.42.181 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0例17：删除路由
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.192.0 192.168.42.181 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip route del 192.168.192.0/24
[root@localhost ~]# ip route del default
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.42.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.42.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
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