mysql 英文全角字符串转半角 mysql字符型转数值型

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mob64ca1412b28c 2024-07-25 19:19:35

文章标签 mysql 英文全角字符串转半角 sql字符型转换为数值型 mysql 字符串 MySQL 文章分类 MySQL 数据库

作者：Harvey

一天，开发问我，为什么针对一个查询会有两条记录，且其中一条记录并不符合条件 select * from tablea where xxno = 170325171202362928; xxno 为 170325171202362928 和 170325171202362930 的都出现在结果中。一个等值查询为什么会有另外一个不同值的记录查询出来呢？我们一起来看看究竟！

分析

我们查看该表结构，发现 xxno

为 varchar

类型，但是等号右边是一个数值类型，这种情况下MySQL会如何进行处理呢？

The following rules describe how conversion occurs for comparison operations: .... 省略一万字 .... In all other cases, the arguments are compared as floating-point (real) numbers.

也就是说，他会将等于号的两边转换成浮点数来做比较。

Comparisons that use floating-point numbers (or values that are converted to floating-point numbers) are approximate because such numbers are inexact. This might lead to results that appear inconsistent:

如果比较使用了浮点型，那么比较会是近似的，将导致结果看起来不一致，也就是可能导致查询结果错误。

我们测试下刚刚生产的例子：

mysql > select '170325171202362928' = 170325171202362930;
+-------------------------------------------+
| '170325171202362928' = 170325171202362930 |
+-------------------------------------------+
|                                         1 |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)```

可以发现，字符串的 '170325171202362928'

和数值的 170325171202362930

比较竟然是相等的。我们再看下字符串 '170325171202362928'

和字符串 '170325171202362930'

转化为浮点型的结果

mysql  > select '170325171202362928'+0.0;
+--------------------------+
| '170325171202362928'+0.0 |
+--------------------------+
|    1.7032517120236294e17 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql > select '170325171202362930'+0.0;
+--------------------------+
| '170325171202362930'+0.0 |
+--------------------------+
|    1.7032517120236294e17 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我们发现，将两个不同的字符串转化为浮点数后，结果是一样的，所以只要是转化为浮点数之后的值是相等的，那么，经过隐式转化后的比较也会相等，我们继续进行测试其他转化为浮点型相等的字符串的结果

mysql > select '170325171202362931'+0.0;
+--------------------------+
| '170325171202362931'+0.0 |
+--------------------------+
|    1.7032517120236294e17 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql > select '170325171202362941'+0.0;
+--------------------------+
| '170325171202362941'+0.0 |
+--------------------------+
|    1.7032517120236294e17 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

字符串 '170325171202362931'

和 '170325171202362941'

转化为浮点型结果一样，我们看下他们和数值的比较结果

mysql > select '170325171202362931' = 170325171202362930;
+-------------------------------------------+
| '170325171202362931' = 170325171202362930 |
+-------------------------------------------+
|                                         1 |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql > select '170325171202362941' = 170325171202362930;
+-------------------------------------------+
| '170325171202362941' = 170325171202362930 |
+-------------------------------------------+
|                                         1 |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

结果也是符合预期的。因此，当MySQL遇到字段类型不匹配的时候，会进行各种隐式转化，一定要小心，有可能导致精度丢失。

For comparisons of a string column with a number, MySQL cannot use an index on the column to look up the value quickly. If str_col is an indexed string column, the index cannot be used when performing the lookup in the following statement:

如果字段是字符型，且上面有索引的话，如果查询条件是用数值来过滤的，那么该SQL将无法利用字段上的索引

SELECT * FROM tbl_name WHERE str_col=1;

The reason for this is that there are many different strings that may convert to the value 1, such as '1', ' 1', or '1a'.

我们进行测试

mysql > create table tbl_name(id int ,str_col varchar(10),c3 varchar(5),primary key(id),key idx_str(str_col));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql  > insert into tbl_name(id,str_col) values(1,'a'),(2,'b');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql  > insert into tbl_name(id,str_col) values(3,'3c'),(4,'4d');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql  > desc select * from tbl_name where str_col='a';
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | tbl_name | ref  | idx_str       | idx_str | 13      | const |    1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+--------------------------+

mysql  > desc select * from tbl_name where str_col=3;
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table    | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | tbl_name | ALL  | idx_str       | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    4 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql [localhost] {msandbox} (test) > select * from tbl_name where str_col=3;
+----+---------+------+
| id | str_col | c1   |
+----+---------+------+
|  3 | 3c      | NULL |
+----+---------+------+
1 row in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

同时我们可以看到，我们用数值型的3和str_col进行比较的时候，他无法利用索引，同时取出来的值也是错误的，

mysql  > show warnings;
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1292 | Truncated incorrect DOUBLE value: '3c' |
| Warning | 1292 | Truncated incorrect DOUBLE value: '4d' |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+

MySQL针对 3c

和 4d

这两个值进行了转化，变成了 3

和 4