• 广播机制简介
  • 接收系统广播
  • 动态注册监听网络变化
  • 静态注册实现开机启动
  • AndroidManifest.xml
  • BootCompleteReceiver.java
  • 发送自定义广播
  • 发送标准广播
  • MyBroadcaseReceiver.java
  • activity_main.xml
  • MainActivity.java
  • AndroidManifest.xml
  • 发送有序广播
  • AndroidMenifest.xml
  • AnotherBroadcastReceiver.java
  • MainActivity.java
  • AndroidManifest.xml
  • MyBroadcastReceiver.java
  • 使用本地广播
  • MainActivity.java
  • 实现强制下线功能
  • ActivityCollector.java
  • BaseActivity.java
  • activity_login.xml
  • activity_main.xml
  • MainActivity.java
  • BaseActivity.java
  • AndroidMenifest.xml
  • LoginActivity>java
  • Git时间——初始版本控制工具


广播机制简介

广播类型:标准广播有序广播

  • 标准广播(Normal broadcasts)是一种完全异步执行的广播,在广播发出之后,所有的广播接收器几乎都会在同一时刻接收到这条广播消息,因此它们之间没有任何先后顺序可言。这种广播的效率会比较高,但同时也意味着它是无法被截断的
  • 有序广播( Ordered broadcasts)是一种同步执行的广播,在广播发出之后,同一时刻只会有一个广播接收器能够收到这条广播消息,当这个广播接收器中的逻辑执行完毕后,广播才会继续传递。所以此时的广播接收器是有先后顺序的,优先级高的广播接收器就可以先收到广播消息,并且前面的广播接收器还可以截断正在传递的广播,这样后面的广播接收器就无法收到广播消息了。

接收系统广播

Q:如何创建一个广播接收器呢?
其实只需要新建一个类,让它继承自Broadcast-Receiver,并重写父类的 onReceive()方法就行了。这样当有广播到来时,onReceive()方法就会得到执行。

动态注册监听网络变化

  • 思路:在 MainActivity 中定义了一个内部类NetworkChangeReceiver,这个类是继承自BroadcastReceiver的,并重写了父类的onReceive()方法。这样每当网络状态发生变化时,onReceive()方法就会得到执行,并准确地告诉用户当前是否有网络
  • 在onCreate()方法中:
  1. 创建一个IntentFilter的实例添加一个值为 android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE的action,当网络状态发生变化时,系统发出的正是一条值为 android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE的广播,也就是说广播接收器想要监听什么广播,就在这添加相应的action。
  2. 接下来创建一个NetworkChangeReceiver 的实例,然后调用registerReceiver()方法进行注册,将NetworkChangeReceiver的实例和IntentFilter的实例都传进去。
  3. 通过getSystemService()方法得到了ConnectivityManager的实例,这是一个系统服务类,专门用于管理网络连接的。调用它的getActiveNetwork-Info()方法可以得到NetworkInfo的实例,接着调用NetworkInfo的isAvailable()方法,就可以判断出当前是否有网络了,最后我们还是通过Toast的方式对用户进行提示。
  4. 用onDestroy()方法取消注册
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;

    private  NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        //网络状态变化系统就发android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver,intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
    }

    class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        @Override
        //网络状态变化提示
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context,"network changes",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

静态注册实现开机启动

注意:先运行一遍,然后关机,然后再重新开启这个手机(不是点小三角而是小手机!!),最后静等一会就会出现

AndroidManifest.xml

<receiver
            android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

BootCompleteReceiver.java

public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"Boot Complete",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

发送自定义广播

发送标准广播

MyBroadcaseReceiver.java

用于接收广播

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "received is MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Send Broadcast"/>
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
    }

AndroidManifest.xml

<receiver
            android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

发送有序广播

新建BroadcastTest2

AndroidMenifest.xml

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.broadcasttest2">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.BroadcastTest2">
        <receiver
            android:name=".AnotherBroadcastReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">

            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

AnotherBroadcastReceiver.java

public class AnotherBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "received in AnotherBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

MainActivity.java

回到BroadcastTest,发送有序广播

@Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);
            }

AndroidManifest.xml

让广播接收器有先后
android:priority:优先级设置成100,保证在AnotherBroadcastReceiver之前收到广播

<intent-filter android:priority="100">
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST"/>
            </intent-filter>

MyBroadcastReceiver.java

about Broadcast()截断广播

@Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "received is MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        abortBroadcast();
    }

使用本地广播

使用LocalBroadcastManager对广播进行管理,解决安全性问题

MainActivity.java

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);  //获取实例
        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
                localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);  //发送本地广播
            }
        });
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
        localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
        localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver,intentFilter); //注册本地广播监听器
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
        localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
    }

    class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        @Override
        //网络状态变化提示
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            ConnectivityManager connectionManager = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
            NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectionManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
            if(networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()){
                Toast.makeText(context, "network is available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }else{
                Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

    private class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context, "received local broadcast", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

实现强制下线功能

ActivityCollector.java

用于管理所有的活动

public class ActivityCollector {
    public static List<Activity> activities = new ArrayList<>();

    public static void addActivity(Activity activity){
        activities.add(activity);
    }

    public static void removeActivity(Activity activity){
        activities.remove(activity);
    }

    public static void finishAll(){
        for(Activity activity : activities){
            if(!activity.isFinishing()){
                activity.finish();
            }
        }
    }

}

BaseActivity.java

作为所有活动的父类

public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate( Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ActivityCollector.addActivity(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        ActivityCollector.removeActivity(this);
    }
}

activity_login.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="60dp" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="90dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:textSize="18sp"
            android:text="Account:" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/account"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"/>

    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="60dp">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="90dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:textSize="18sp"
            android:text="Password:" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/password"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:inputType="textPassword"/>

    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/login"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="60dp"
        android:text="Login"/>

</LinearLayout>

activity_main.xml

button用于触发强制下线功能

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/force_offline"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Send force offline broadcast" />

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button forceOffline = (Button) findViewById(R.id.force_offline);
        forceOffline.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcastbestpractice.FORCE_OFFLINE");
                sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
    }
}

BaseActivity.java

public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ForceOfflineReceiver receiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate( Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ActivityCollector.addActivity(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcastbestpractice.FORCE_OFFLINE");
        receiver = new ForceOfflineReceiver();
        registerReceiver(receiver,intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        if(receiver != null){
            unregisterReceiver(receiver);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        ActivityCollector.removeActivity(this);
    }

    private class ForceOfflineReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(final Context context, Intent intent) {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);
            builder.setTitle("Warning");
            builder.setMessage("您已下线,请重新登陆!");
            builder.setCancelable(false);
            builder.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                    ActivityCollector.finishAll();  //销毁所有活动
                    Intent intent = new Intent(context,LoginActivity.class);
                    context.startActivity(intent); //重新启动LoginActivity
                }
            });
            builder.show();
        }
    }
}

AndroidMenifest.xml

<activity android:name=".LoginActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

LoginActivity>java

public class LoginActivity extends BaseActivity {

    private EditText accountEdit;

    private EditText passwordEdit;

    private Button login;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_login);
        accountEdit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.account);
        passwordEdit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);
        login = (Button) findViewById(R.id.login);
        login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                String account = accountEdit.getText().toString();  //获取编辑框的文字
                String password = passwordEdit.getText().toString();
                if(account.equals("sakura") && password.equals("123456")){
                    Intent intent = new Intent(LoginActivity.this,MainActivity.class);
                    startActivity(intent);
                    finish();
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(LoginActivity.this,"账号或密码错误",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

Git时间——初始版本控制工具

git add build.gradle:

这是添加单个文件的方法,那如果我们想添加某个目录呢?其实只需要在add后面加上目录名就可以了。比如将整个app目录下的所有文件都进行添加,就可以输人如下命令:

git add app

可是这样一个个地添加感觉还是有些复杂,有没有什么办法可以一次性就把所有的文件都添加好呢?当然可以,只需要在add的后面加上一个点,就表示添加所有的文件了,命令如下所示:

git add .

现在 BroadcastBestPractice项目下所有的文件都已经添加好了,我们可以来提交一下了,输入如下命令:

git commit -m "First commit . "

注意,在commit命令的后面,我们一定要通过-m参数来加上提交的描述信息,没有描述信息的提交被认为是不合法的。