多个服务器处理mysql 一个服务器多个数据库

上一篇文章介绍了两种MySQL部署多实例的方法，分别是：

使用官方自带的mysqld_multi来配置管理，特点是使用同一份MySQL配置文件，这种方式属于集中式管理，管理起来较为方便；

使用单独的MySQL配置文件来单独配置实例，这种方式逻辑简单，数据库之间没有关联。

两种方法最大的区别在于：使用mysqld_multi方式，所有的实例共使用一个参数文件，使用第二种方法，则各自实例使用自己的参数文件。

第一种方方法已经在第一篇文档里面演示过了，这里学习一下第二种方法。

(一)实验环境

操作系统   ：CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

数据库版本：5.7.24-log

预计划安装3个MySQL实例，规划信息为：

实例1

实例2

实例3

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/mysql/3306/data
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock
参数文件：/mysql/3306/my.cnf
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/mysql/3307/data
port=3307
socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock
参数文件：/mysql/3307/my.cnf
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/mysql/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/tmp/mysql_3308.sock
参数文件：/mysql/3308/my.cnf

(二)实验过程

(2.1)在安装MySQL之前，需要卸载服务器自带的MySQL包和MySQL数据库分支mariadb的包

[root@masterdb ~]# rpm -qa|grepmysql
[root@masterdb~]# rpm -qa |grepmariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@masterdb~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 --nodeps

(2.2)依赖包安装

MySQL对libaio 库有依赖性。如果未在本地安装该库，则数据目录初始化和随后的服务器启动步骤将失败

# install library

[root@mysql mysql]#yum install libaio

对于MySQL 5.7.19和更高版本：通用Linux版本中增加了对非统一内存访问(NUMA)的支持，该版本现在对libnuma库具有依赖性 。

# install library

[root@mysql mysql]#yum install libnuma

(2.3)创建用户和用户组

[root@masterdb ~]# groupadd mysql

[root@masterdb~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

(2.4)解压安装包

[root@masterdb ~]# cd /usr/local/[root@masterdb local]#tar xzvf /root/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

# 修改解压文件名，与前面定义的basedir相同

[root@masterdb local]#mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

最终解压结果如下：

[root@masterdb mysql]# ls -l
total36drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 28 13:48bin-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 17987 Oct 4 2018COPYING
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 55 Mar 28 13:48docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 28 13:48include
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 230 Mar 28 13:48lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 30 Mar 28 13:48 man
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 2478 Oct 4 2018README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 Mar 28 13:48share
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 90 Mar 28 13:48 support-files

(2.5)创建数据文件存放路径

[root@masterdb mysql]# mkdir -p /mysql/{3306,3307,3308,3309}/data
[root@masterdb mysql]#chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql
[root@masterdb mysql]# cd/mysql
[root@masterdb mysql]# tree
.
├──3306│ └── data
├──3307│ └── data
└──3308└── data

(2.6)创建MySQL参数配置文件

分别为3306、3307、3308各自创建一个my.cnf配置文件。配置文件位置为：

[root@masterdb mysql]# tree /mysql/mysql
├──3306│   ├── data
│   └── my.cnf
├──3307│   ├── data
│   └── my.cnf
└──3308├── data
└── my.cnf

其中，各个实例的配置文件信息如下：

实例1(3306)

实例2(3307)

实例3(3308)

[mysqld]
port= 3306basedir=/usr/local/mysql/datadir=/mysql/3306/data
lower_case_table_names=1innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M
socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock
[mysqld]
port= 3307basedir=/usr/local/mysql/datadir=/mysql/3307/data
lower_case_table_names=1innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M
socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock
[mysqld]
port= 3308basedir=/usr/local/mysql/datadir=/mysql/3308/data
lower_case_table_names=1innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M
socket=/tmp/mysql_3308.sock

(2.7)初始化数据库

需要注意，初始化结束的最后一行记录了root的密码

# 初始化3306数据库

[root@masterdb mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3306/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/mysql/3306/data2020-03-28T08:19:11.202256Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for moredetails).2020-03-28T08:19:11.352108Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2020-03-28T08:19:11.383671Z 0[Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2020-03-28T08:19:11.441325Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: cdab4062-70cc-11ea-aedf-000c29ea7752.2020-03-28T08:19:11.442190Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed'cannot be opened.2020-03-28T08:19:11.442995Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost:

XE4kl>x4fo?

v

# 初始化3307数据库

[root@masterdb mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3307/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/mysql/3307/data2020-03-28T08:19:21.704008Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for moredetails).2020-03-28T08:19:21.846567Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2020-03-28T08:19:21.877435Z 0[Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2020-03-28T08:19:21.934698Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d3ec69cd-70cc-11ea-b101-000c29ea7752.2020-03-28T08:19:21.935421Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed'cannot be opened.2020-03-28T08:19:21.937056Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost:

3Oir)9uX2?su

# 初始化3308数据库

[root@masterdb mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3308/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/mysql/3308/data2020-03-28T08:20:04.342747Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for moredetails).2020-03-28T08:20:04.488694Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2020-03-28T08:20:04.519974Z 0[Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2020-03-28T08:20:04.579649Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ed57843b-70cc-11ea-b206-000c29ea7752.2020-03-28T08:20:04.580544Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed'cannot be opened.2020-03-28T08:20:04.581480Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost:

NhwFZv6i!UfZ

(2.8)设置环境变量

[root@masterdb mysql]# vim /etc/profile

# 在文件末尾添加下面信息

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

#使环境变量生效

[root@masterdb mysql]# source/etc/profile

(2.9)启动数据库

# 经过测试，mysql在初始化的时候新生成的部分文件权限为root,所以最好在启动之前重新将datadir路径授权给mysql

[root@masterdb mysql]#chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql

# 启动MySQL数据库实例

[root@masterdb ~]# nohup/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3306/my.cnf --user=mysql &[root@masterdb ~]# nohup/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3307/my.cnf --user=mysql &[root@masterdb ~]# nohup/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3308/my.cnf --user=mysql &

(2.10)确认MySQL数据库状况

# 确认MySQL进程
[root@masterdb3307]# ps -ef|grepmysql
mysql11092 1371 0 16:36 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3307/my.cnf --user=mysql
mysql11146 1371 0 16:36 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3308/my.cnf --user=mysql
mysql11182 1371 7 16:37 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/mysql/3306/my.cnf --user=mysql
root11211 1371 0 16:37 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
# 确认端口使用情况
[root@masterdb3307]# netstat -ntl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*LISTEN
tcp0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:*LISTEN
tcp60 0 :::3307 :::*LISTEN
tcp60 0 :::3308 :::*LISTEN
tcp60 0 :::22 :::*LISTEN
tcp60 0 ::1:25 :::*LISTEN
tcp60 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN

【完】