ansible 执行一条命令 ansible 执行sql
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(一)简述
在使用ansible做自动化运维的时候,免不了的要重复执行某些操作,如:添加几个用户,创建几个MySQL用户并为之赋予权限,操作某个目录下所有文件等等。好在playbook支持循环语句,可以使得某些需求很容易而且很规范的实现。
(二)常用的循环语句
1,with_items。with_items是playbooks中最基本也是最常用的循环语句:
语法:
tasks:
- name:Secure config files
file : path= /etc/ {{ item }} mode=0600 owner=root group=root
with_items:
- my.cnf
- shadow
- fstab
或with_items: "{{ somelist }}"
###上面的例子说明在/etc下创建权限级别为600,属主属组都是root三个文件
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使用with_items迭代循环的变量可以是个单纯的列表,也可以是一个较为复杂 的数据结果,如字典类型:
tasks:
- name: add several users
user: name={{ item.name }} state=present groups ={{ item. groups }}
with_items:
- { name: 'testuser1' , groups : 'wheel' }
- { name: 'testuser2' , groups : 'root' }
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2、with_nested嵌套循环
示例:
tasks:
- name: give users access to multiple databases
mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs= yes password=foo
with_nested:
- [ 'alice' , 'bob' ]
- [ 'clientdb' , 'employeedb' , 'providerdb' ]
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item[0]是循环的第一个列表的值['alice','bob']。item[1]是第二个列表的值。表示循环创建alice和bob两个用户,并且为其赋予在三个数据库上的所有权限。
也可以将用户列表事先赋值给一个变量:
tasks:
- name: here, 'users' contains the above list of employees
mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs= yes password=foo
with_nested:
- "`users`"
- [ 'clientdb' , 'employeedb' , 'providerdb' ]
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3、with_dict
with_dict可以遍历更复杂的数据结构。假如有如下变量内容:
users :
alice:
name: Alice Appleworth
telephone: 123-456-7890
bob:
name: Bob Bananarama
telephone: 987-654-3210
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####现在需要输出每个用户的用户名和手机号:
tasks:
- name: Print phone records
debug: msg= "User {{ item.key }} is {{ item.value.name }} ({{ item.value.telephone }})"
with_dict: "{{ users }}"
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4、with_fileglob文件匹配遍历
####可以指定一个目录,使用with_fileglob可以循环这个目录中的所有文件,示例如下:
tasks:
- name:Make key directory
file : path= /root/ .sshkeys ensure=directory mode=0700 owner=root group=root
- name:Upload public keys
copy: src={{ item }} dest= /root/ .sshkeys mode=0600 owner=root group=root
with_fileglob:
- keys/*.pub
- name:Assemble keys into authorized_keys file
assemble: src= /root/ .sshkeys dest= /root/ . ssh /authorized_keysmode =0600 owner=root group=root
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5、with_subelement遍历子元素
假如现在需要遍历一个用户列表,并创建每个用户,而且还需要为每个用户配置以特定的SSH key登录。变量文件内容如下:
users :
- name: alice
authorized:
- /tmp/alice/onekey .pub
- /tmp/alice/twokey .pub
mysql:
password: mysql-password
hosts:
- "%"
- "127.0.0.1"
- "::1"
- "localhost"
privs:
- "*.*:SELECT"
- "DB1.*:ALL"
- name: bob
authorized:
- /tmp/bob/id_rsa .pub
mysql:
password: other-mysql-password
hosts:
- "db1"
privs:
- "*.*:SELECT"
- "DB2.*:ALL"
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###playbook中定义如下:
- user: name={{ item.name }} state=present generate_ssh_key= yes
with_items: "`users`"
- authorized_key: "user={{ item.0.name }} key='{{ lookup('file', item.1) }}'"
with_subelements:
- users
- authorized
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###也可以遍历嵌套的子列表:
- name: Setup MySQL users
mysql_user: name={{ item.0.name }} password={{ item.0.mysql.password }} host={{ item.1 }} priv={{ item.0.mysql.privs | join ( '/' ) }}
with_subelements:
- users
- mysql.hosts
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6、with_sequence循环整数序列
with_sequence可以生成一个自增的整数序列,可以指定起始值和结束值,也可以指定增长步长。 参数以key=value的形式指定,format指定输出的格式。数字可以是十进制、十六进制、八进制:
- hosts: all
tasks:
# create groups
- group: name=evens state=present
- group: name=odds state=present
# create some test users
- user: name={{ item }} state=present groups =evens
with_sequence: start=0 end=32 format =testuser%02d
# create a series of directories with even numbers for some reason
- file : dest= /var/stuff/ {{ item }} state=directory
with_sequence: start=4 end=16 stride=2 # stride用于指定步长
# a simpler way to use the sequence plugin
# create 4 groups
- group: name=group{{ item }} state=present
with_sequence: count=4
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7、with_random_choice随机选择
从列表中随机取一个值:
- debug: msg={{ item }}
with_random_choice:
- "go through the door"
- "drink from the goblet"
- "press the red button"
- "do nothing"
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8、do-Util循环
示例:
- action: shell /usr/bin/foo
register: result
until : result.stdout. find ( "all systems go" ) != -1
retries: 5
delay: 10
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重复执行shell模块,当shell模块执行的命令输出内容包含"all systems go"的时候停止。重试5次,延迟时间10秒。retries默认值为3,delay默认值为5。任务的返回值为最后一次循环的返回结果。
9、循环注册变量
在循环中使用register时,保存的结果中包含results关键字,该关键字保存模块执行结果的列表
- shell: echo "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- one
- two
register: echo
变量 echo 内容如下:
{
"changed" : true ,
"msg" : "All items completed" ,
"results" : [
{
"changed" : true ,
"cmd" : "echo \"one\" " ,
"delta" : "0:00:00.003110" ,
"end" : "2013-12-19 12:00:05.187153" ,
"invocation" : {
"module_args" : "echo \"one\"" ,
"module_name" : "shell"
},
"item" : "one" ,
"rc" : 0,
"start" : "2013-12-19 12:00:05.184043" ,
"stderr" : "" ,
"stdout" : "one"
},
{
"changed" : true ,
"cmd" : "echo \"two\" " ,
"delta" : "0:00:00.002920" ,
"end" : "2013-12-19 12:00:05.245502" ,
"invocation" : {
"module_args" : "echo \"two\"" ,
"module_name" : "shell"
},
"item" : "two" ,
"rc" : 0,
"start" : "2013-12-19 12:00:05.242582" ,
"stderr" : "" ,
"stdout" : "two"
}
]
}
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##遍历注册变量的结果:
- name: Fail if return code is not 0
fail:
msg: "The command ({{ item.cmd }}) did not have a 0 return code"
when: item.rc != 0
with_items: "`echo`.`results`"
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10、with_together遍历数据并行集合
示例:
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
vars:
alpha: [ 'a' , 'b' , 'c' , 'd' ]
numbers: [ 1,2,3,4 ]
tasks:
- debug: msg= "{{ item.0 }} and {{ item.1 }}"
with_together:
- "{{ alpha }}"
- "{{ numbers }}"
输出的结果为:
ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=[ 'a' , 1]) => {
"item" : [
"a" ,
1
],
"msg" : "a and 1"
}
ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=[ 'b' , 2]) => {
"item" : [
"b" ,
2
],
"msg" : "b and 2"
}
ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=[ 'c' , 3]) => {
"item" : [
"c" ,
3
],
"msg" : "c and 3"
}
ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=[ 'd' , 4]) => {
"item" : [
"d" ,
4
],
"msg" : "d and 4"
}
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loop模块一般在下面的场景中使用
- 类似的配置模块重复了多遍
- fact是一个列表
- 创建多个文件,然后使用assemble聚合成一个大文件
- 使用with_fileglob匹配特定的文件管理
lqbyz 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/liqingbiao/1969595
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