前言:mac系统自带python,不过以当前mac系统的最新版本为例,自带的python版本都是2.版本,虽然不影响老版本项目的运行,但是python最新的3.版本的一些语法与2.*版本并不相同,网上的教程大神们也肯定都更新出了最新版的教程,我们不论是学习还是使用,当然用最新版会更好一点。

1、在安装最新版Python3.*之前,我们先熟悉一下系统自带的python。

Mac系统自带python路径为/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Version,我们先来打开目录看一下:


我们看到这里有多个python版本,而在Current目录下存放的是系统当前的python版本。

mac既然自带了python,当然肯定配置好了python的全局命令,我们直接在终端运行:

运行正常。到这里也差不多对mac系统自带的python有所了解,接下来我们开始安装最新版本的python。

2、开始安装(这里我们使用神器homebrew,还不熟悉此神器的小伙伴请自行百度,也可点击链接直接前往下载)

安装前先搜索一下是否已经存在python3的包:


已经存在,我们可以直接安装了:

Updating Homebrew…
==> Installing dependencies for python: gdbm****, openssl****, readline****, sqlite and xz
==> Installing python dependency: gdbm

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring gdbm-1.18.1.mojave.bottle.1.tar.gz
/usr/local/Cellar/gdbm/1.18.1: 20 files, 586.8KB
==> Installing python dependency: openssl

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2r.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
the System keychain), place .pem files in
/usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
and run
/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash
openssl is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.
If you need to have openssl first in your PATH run:
echo ‘export PATH=”/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH”‘ >> ~/.bash_profile
For compilers to find openssl you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS=”-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib”
export CPPFLAGS=”-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include”
==> Summary
/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2r: 1,795 files, 12.1MB
==> Installing python dependency: readline

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring readline-8.0.0_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
readline is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS provides the BSD libedit library, which shadows libreadline.
In order to prevent conflicts when programs look for libreadline we are
defaulting this GNU Readline installation to keg-only.
For compilers to find readline you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS=”-L/usr/local/opt/readline/lib”
export CPPFLAGS=”-I/usr/local/opt/readline/include”
==> Summary
/usr/local/Cellar/readline/8.0.0_1: 48 files, 1.5MB
==> Installing python dependency: sqlite

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring sqlite-3.28.0.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
sqlite is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because macOS provides an older sqlite3.
If you need to have sqlite first in your PATH run:
echo ‘export PATH=”/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin:$PATH”‘ >> ~/.bash_profile
For compilers to find sqlite you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS=”-L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib”
export CPPFLAGS=”-I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include”
==> Summary
/usr/local/Cellar/sqlite/3.28.0: 11 files, 3.7MB
==> Installing python dependency: xz

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring xz-5.2.4.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
/usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.4: 92 files, 1MB
==> Installing python

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring python-3.7.3.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
Error: An unexpected error occurred during the brew link step
The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local
Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir – /usr/local/Frameworks
Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir – /usr/local/Frameworksf

所有的包都下载完毕,但是我们却发现最后报了两条错误,大概意思是公式已经建立,但是在创建连接的时候因为没有权限而发生意外错误。在报错信息里我们看到一个目录/usr/local/Frameworks,我们先去找一下这个目录:

发现这个目录竟然不存在,那我们就来手动创建一个:

创建好目录之后,再来解决权限问题:

不报错即为修改成功,修改好权限之后,还需要手动执行一下安装时未完成的创建连接:

Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3... 20 symlinks created

连接成功。咱们来查看一下当前系统下的python3的信息:

发现python3被安装到了/usr/local/bin/python3目录下,有兴趣的小伙伴自行前往查看想过配置文件。

到这里python3的安装就算完成了,不过可能有小伙伴已经发现,不管是在终端运行python -V查看版本号还是直接运行python启动python命令行模式,默认的python版本还是系统自带的2.版本。其实这时候只运行命令时需要把python改为python3就行了,当然,有兴趣的小伙伴也可以尝试配置一下默认版本,把当前系统的默认版本修改为3.版本。知乎上已经贴出了各种各样的方法,我这里就不多做赘述了。

站在巨人的肩膀上摘苹果: