一、前言
什么是微前端
Techniques, strategies and recipes for building a modern web app with multiple teams that can ship features independently. -- Micro Frontends
微前端是一种多个团队通过独立发布功能的方式来共同构建现代化 web 应用的技术手段及方法策略。
qiankun
qiankun 是蚂蚁金服开源的一套完整的微前端解决方案。具体描述可查看 文档 和 Github。
下面将通过一个微服务Demo 介绍 Vue 项目如何接入 qiankun,代码地址:micro-front-vue
二、配置主应用
- 使用 vue cli 快速创建主应用;
- 安装 qiankun
$ yarn add qiankun # 或者 npm i qiankun -S
3.调整主应用 main.js
文件:具体如下:
import Vue from "vue"
import App from "./App.vue"
import router from "./router"
import { registerMicroApps, setDefaultMountApp, start } from "qiankun"
Vue.config.productionTip = false
let app = null;
/**
* 渲染函数
* appContent 子应用html内容
* loading 子应用加载效果,可选
*/
function render({ appContent, loading } = {}) {
if (!app) {
app = new Vue({
el: "#container",
router,
data() {
return {
content: appContent,
loading
};
},
render(h) {
return h(App, {
props: {
content: this.content,
loading: this.loading
}
});
}
});
} else {
app.content = appContent;
app.loading = loading;
}
}
/**
* 路由监听
* @param {*} routerPrefix 前缀
*/
function genActiveRule(routerPrefix) {
return location => location.pathname.startsWith(routerPrefix);
}
function initApp() {
render({ appContent: '', loading: true });
}
initApp();
// 传入子应用的数据
let msg = {
data: {
auth: false
},
fns: [
{
name: "_LOGIN",
_LOGIN(data) {
console.log(`父应用返回信息${data}`);
}
}
]
};
// 注册子应用
registerMicroApps(
[
{
name: "sub-app-1",
entry: "//localhost:8091",
render,
activeRule: genActiveRule("/app1"),
props: msg
},
{
name: "sub-app-2",
entry: "//localhost:8092",
render,
activeRule: genActiveRule("/app2"),
}
],
{
beforeLoad: [
app => {
console.log("before load", app);
}
], // 挂载前回调
beforeMount: [
app => {
console.log("before mount", app);
}
], // 挂载后回调
afterUnmount: [
app => {
console.log("after unload", app);
}
] // 卸载后回调
}
);
// 设置默认子应用,与 genActiveRule中的参数保持一致
setDefaultMountApp("/app1");
// 启动
start();
4.修改主应用 index.html 中绑定的 id
,需与 el
绑定 dom 为一致;
5.调整 App.vue 文件,增加渲染子应用的盒子:
<template>
<div id="main-root">
<!-- loading -->
<div v-if="loading">loading</div>
<!-- 子应用盒子 -->
<div id="root-view" class="app-view-box" v-html="content"></div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "App",
props: {
loading: Boolean,
content: String
}
};
</script>
6.创建 vue.config.js 文件,设置 port
:
module.exports = {
devServer: {
port: 8090
}
}
三、配置子应用
- 在主应用同一级目录下快速创建子应用,子应用无需安装 qiankun
- 配置子应用 main.js:
import Vue from 'vue';
import VueRouter from 'vue-router';
import App from './App.vue';
import routes from './router';
import './public-path';
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
let router = null;
let instance = null;
function render() {
router = new VueRouter({
base: window.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__ ? '/app1' : '/',
mode: 'history',
routes,
});
instance = new Vue({
router,
render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app');
}
if (!window.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__) {
render();
}
export async function bootstrap() {
console.log('vue app bootstraped');
}
export async function mount(props) {
console.log('props from main app', props);
render();
}
export async function unmount() {
instance.$destroy();
instance = null;
router = null;
}
- 配置 vue.config.js
const path = require('path');
const { name } = require('./package');
function resolve(dir) {
return path.join(__dirname, dir);
}
const port = 8091; // dev port
module.exports = {
/**
* You will need to set publicPath if you plan to deploy your site under a sub path,
* for example GitHub Pages. If you plan to deploy your site to https://foo.github.io/bar/,
* then publicPath should be set to "/bar/".
* In most cases please use '/' !!!
* Detail: https://cli.vuejs.org/config/#publicpath
*/
outputDir: 'dist',
assetsDir: 'static',
filenameHashing: true,
// tweak internal webpack configuration.
// see https://github.com/vuejs/vue-cli/blob/dev/docs/webpack.md
devServer: {
// host: '0.0.0.0',
hot: true,
disableHostCheck: true,
port,
overlay: {
warnings: false,
errors: true,
},
headers: {
'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
},
},
// 自定义webpack配置
configureWebpack: {
resolve: {
alias: {
'@': resolve('src'),
},
},
output: {
// 把子应用打包成 umd 库格式
library: `${name}-[name]`,
libraryTarget: 'umd',
jsonpFunction: `webpackJsonp_${name}`,
},
},
};
其中有个需要注意的点:
- 子应用必须支持跨域:由于 qiankun 是通过 fetch 去获取子应用的引入的静态资源的,所以必须要求这些静态资源支持跨域;
- 使用 webpack 静态 publicPath 配置:可以通过两种方式设置,一种是直接在 mian.js 中引入 public-path.js 文件,一种是在开发环境直接修改 vue.config.js:
if (window.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__) {
// eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
__webpack_public_path__ = window.__INJECTED_PUBLIC_PATH_BY_QIANKUN__
}
至此,Vue 项目的前端微服务已经简单完成了。
但是在实际的开发过程中,并非如此简单,同时还存在应用间跳转、应用间通信等问题。