之前整过CentOS，整了Ubuntu才发现，Ubuntu简单多了～～不知道性能相比又如何。
以Ubtuntu 14.04为例，记录一下搭建流程。
安装注意点
1. IP地址
安装时先不要插网线，不然会DHCP，后续配置起来也麻烦
2. 硬盘分区
自动分区貌似有：/、swap、efiswap、/boot（200MB）
实际两个区就足够了：swap为内存的1～2倍大小，剩余皆为/
IP配置
装完后一般远程连接，需要配置ip地址，以下是多ip配置。（安装时会以向导形式配好一个IP，修改时只要复制粘贴就可以）
vi /etc/network/interfaces配置信息：
# The primary network interface
auto em0
iface em0 inet static
address 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.252.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.8.254
# dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.8.9
# dns-search 163.com
# The second network interface
auto em1
iface em1 inet static
address 192.168.1.2
netmask 255.255.252.0
network 192.168.1.0重启网卡（貌似不一定生效，reboot肯定可以）
/etc/init.d/networking restartSSH服务器
apt-get install ssh默认安装后vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config，修改配置文件。
安全起见，可以建立允许列表：
1. 修改/etc/hosts.allow：
sshd: 192.168.1. , 192.168.0. : allow2. 修改/etc/hosts.deny：
sshd : ALL系统更新
先更新源，用以Trusty Tahr (14.04)为例，其他版本看配置生成器
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse再更新apt-get
apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade然后更新系统并重启
sudo apt-get install update补充：ssh终端乱码问题
ubuntu默认是中文编码，然后又没法正常中文，因此putty连接时会乱码，只要设定即可 /etc/default/locale：
LANG=”zh_CN.UTF-8″
LANGUAGE=”zh_CN:zh:en_US:en”如果不行：
1. 查看 /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local 中设定的字符集：
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
zh_CN.GBK GBK
zh_CN GB2312保存后，执行命令：sudo locale-gen
- 打开
/etc/environment，添加：
LANG=”zh_CN.UTF-8″
LANGUAGE=”zh_CN:zh:en_US:en”reboot 即可
Samba安装网上邻居
- 默认安装 apt-get install samba
- 为samba创建ubuntu系统已经存在的用户somebody：
smbpasswd -a somebody然后会提示你输入密码，这是访问网上邻居文件夹的密码。
3. 修改配置文件：
cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bak
vi /etc/samba/smb.conf在其后增加共享目录：
[share]
path = /home/somebody/samba_share
available = yes
browseable = yes
public = no
writable = yes
[home]
comment = Users' Home
path = /home
admin users = somebody
writable = yes
hosts deny = ALL
hosts allow = 192.168.1.7
[www]
path = /var/www
admin users = somebody
writable = yes
hosts deny = ALL
hosts allow = 192.168.1.7
[logs]
path = /var/log
read only = yes- 重启samba就可以像windows一样访问
/etc/init.d/samba restart安装apache2
apt-get install apache2装好后访问http://localhost就可以看到“It Works!”
apache2配置文件在/etc/apache2/apache2.conf，web目录在/var/www/html
默认用户是www-data，定义在./envvars文件中
其他配置文件在：./sites-enabled/*.conf
启用rewrite
sudo a2enmod rewrite并修改AllowOverride None 为AllowOverride All
安装mysql
apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client安装过程需要设置root的密码。Ubuntu下，MySQL的配置信息在/etc/mysql目录
MySQL默认的字符集是latin1：
为了避免中文可能带来的乱码问题，将默认字符集改成utf-8，具体可以参考这篇文章，修改 /etc/mysql/my.cnf 文件，在相应位置添加：
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8修改后是这样的：
安装php5及Apache的php5模块
apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl安装php7
apt-get install php libapache2-mod-php php7.0-mysqlOK! It Works!
安装常用模块(gd mysql-dev mbstring)
apt install libmysqlclient-dev libmysql++-dev php7.0-mysql php7.0-gd fp-compiler php7.0-mbstringApache配置
<VirtualHost ip or *:80>
# The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
# the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
# redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
# specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
# match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
# value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
# However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
#ServerName www.example.com
ServerAdmin webmaster1@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ServerName ip or domain
# Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
# modules, e.g.
#LogLevel info ssl:warn
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
# For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
# enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
# include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
# following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
# after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
#Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conif
<Directory "/var/www/html">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
Alias /something "/var/www/html/public"
<Directory "/var/www/yzoi/public">
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>FTP Server
vsftpd安装与配置，戳这里
可能会出现的问题：
ServerName问题
apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for localhost
....
ServerName error明明在apache2.conf里设置了ServerName，apache2还是报错？那么就是系统host名的关系，在/etc/hosts中：
127.0.0.1 localhost
user-ip-address domain.com hostname
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allroutersdomain.com是你设定的域名，hostname是你主机名，最好和/etc/hostname主机名一致
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