在项目工程中,有时候需要对网络传输的数据进行加密。有多种方式,本文使用3DES与RSA加密结合使用。
基本流程如下:
1、假设客户端获取了用户名与密码,需要传给服务器;本文使用RSA工具类生成公钥月私钥,公钥用于客户端加密,私钥用于服务端解密。
String content="用户名+密码";
2、自定义3DES加密密钥和向量:
// 密钥 ,至少24位
private final static String secretKey = "123456781234567812345678aaa";
// 向量 8位
private final static String iv = "3213abcd";
3、使用3DES对内容加密获取加密后的字符串
4、使用RSA对密钥和向量用公钥加密
5、服务器接收数据,用RSA私钥解密,获取密钥和向量,再使用3DES解密获取内容。
原理是:使用3DES对长内容加密,使用RSA对3DES使用的密钥加密,这样加密速度快,效率高。
注意点:
String。getBytes的方式,必须用特定的工具。这里本文使用的是系统自带的Base64中的方法。也可以使用sun中的BASE64Encoder方式,但是这种需要下载专门的jar。
RSA加密速度较慢,所以我们不对长内容加密。假设有变态的非要对长长的内容加密,本文在下面的RSA工具类中也封装了相关的方法,partSplit分段加密和解密。
具体代码如下:
3DES加密解密方法及常量:
// 密钥 ,至少24位
private final static String secretKey = "123456781234567812345678aaa";
// 向量 8位
private final static String iv = "3213abcd";
// 加解密统一使用的编码方式
private final static String encoding = "utf-8";
/**
* DESTool加密
*
* @param plainText 普通文本
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String encode(String plainText) throws Exception {
Key deskey = null;
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(secretKey.getBytes());
SecretKeyFactory keyfactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
deskey = keyfactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec ips = new IvParameterSpec(iv.getBytes());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, deskey, ips);
byte[] encryptData = cipher.doFinal(plainText.getBytes(encoding));
return Base64.encodeToString(encryptData,Base64.DEFAULT);
}
/**
* DESTool解密
*
* @param encryptText 加密文本
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String decode(String encryptText, String secretKey, String iv) throws Exception {
Key deskey = null;
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(secretKey.getBytes());
SecretKeyFactory keyfactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("desede");
deskey = keyfactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("desede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec ips = new IvParameterSpec(iv.getBytes());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, deskey, ips);
byte[] decryptData = cipher.doFinal(Base64.decode(encryptText,Base64.DEFAULT));
return new String(decryptData, encoding);
}
主要测试代码:
b31.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
try {
String content="用户名+密码";
Log.e("b31", "加密前content数据 ---->" + content);
String s1 = encode(content);
Log.e("b31", "DES加密后content数据 ---->" + s1);
KeyPair keyPair = RSAUtil.generateRSAKeyPair(RSAUtil.DEFAULT_KEY_SIZE);
// 公钥
RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
// 私钥
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
byte[] s2 = RSAUtil.encryptByPublicKey(secretKey.getBytes(), publicKey.getEncoded());
String s21 = Base64.encodeToString(s2,Base64.DEFAULT);
Log.e("b31", "公钥加密后的 secretKey---->" + s21);
byte[] s3 = RSAUtil.encryptByPublicKey(iv.getBytes(), publicKey.getEncoded());
String s31 = Base64.encodeToString(s3,Base64.DEFAULT);
Log.e("b31", "公钥加密后的 iv---->" + s31);
//服务器端私钥解密,DES解密;s1,s21 s31为网络传输的参数:内容,加密key,加密向量
byte[] s21bytes = Base64.decode(s21,Base64.DEFAULT);
byte[] s31bytes = Base64.decode(s31,Base64.DEFAULT);
byte[] s4 = RSAUtil.decryptByPrivateKey(s21bytes, privateKey.getEncoded());
String s41 = new String(s4);
Log.e("b31", "私钥解密后的 secretKey---->" + s41);
byte[] s5 = RSAUtil.decryptByPrivateKey(s31bytes, privateKey.getEncoded());
String s51 = new String(s5);
Log.e("b31", "私钥解密后的 iv---->" + s51);
if (secretKey.equals(s41) && iv.equals(s51)) {
String s6 = decode(s1, s41, s51);
Log.e("b31", "DES解密后的 content---->" + s6);
} else {
Log.e("b31", "参数不一致---->");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
RSA加密解密工具类:
public class RSAUtil {
public static final String RSA = "RSA";// 非对称加密密钥算法
public static final String ECB_PKCS1_PADDING = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";//加密填充方式
public static final int DEFAULT_KEY_SIZE = 2048;//秘钥默认长度
public static final byte[] DEFAULT_SPLIT = "#PART#".getBytes(); // 当要加密的内容超过bufferSize,则采用partSplit进行分块加密
public static final int DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE = (DEFAULT_KEY_SIZE / 8) - 11;// 当前秘钥支持加密的最大字节数
/**
* 随机生成RSA密钥对
*
* @param keyLength 密钥长度,范围:512~2048
* 一般1024
* @return
*/
public static KeyPair generateRSAKeyPair(int keyLength) {
try {
KeyPairGenerator kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA);
kpg.initialize(keyLength);
return kpg.genKeyPair();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 用公钥对字符串进行加密
*
* @param data 原文
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] publicKey) throws Exception {
// 得到公钥
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKey);
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA);
PublicKey keyPublic = kf.generatePublic(keySpec);
// 加密数据
Cipher cp = Cipher.getInstance(ECB_PKCS1_PADDING);
cp.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyPublic);
return cp.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 私钥加密
*
* @param data 待加密数据
* @param privateKey 密钥
* @return byte[] 加密数据
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, byte[] privateKey) throws Exception {
// 得到私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKey);
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA);
PrivateKey keyPrivate = kf.generatePrivate(keySpec);
// 数据加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ECB_PKCS1_PADDING);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyPrivate);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 公钥解密
*
* @param data 待解密数据
* @param publicKey 密钥
* @return byte[] 解密数据
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] publicKey) throws Exception {
// 得到公钥
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKey);
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA);
PublicKey keyPublic = kf.generatePublic(keySpec);
// 数据解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ECB_PKCS1_PADDING);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyPublic);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 使用私钥进行解密
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] encrypted, byte[] privateKey) throws Exception {
// 得到私钥
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKey);
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA);
PrivateKey keyPrivate = kf.generatePrivate(keySpec);
// 解密数据
Cipher cp = Cipher.getInstance(ECB_PKCS1_PADDING);
cp.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyPrivate);
byte[] arr = cp.doFinal(encrypted);
return arr;
}
/**
* 用公钥对字符串进行分段加密
*
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPublicKeyForSpilt(byte[] data, byte[] publicKey) throws Exception {
int dataLen = data.length;
if (dataLen <= DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE) {
return encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);
}
List<Byte> allBytes = new ArrayList<Byte>(2048);
int bufIndex = 0;
int subDataLoop = 0;
byte[] buf = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE];
for (int i = 0; i < dataLen; i++) {
buf[bufIndex] = data[i];
if (++bufIndex == DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE || i == dataLen - 1) {
subDataLoop++;
if (subDataLoop != 1) {
for (byte b : DEFAULT_SPLIT) {
allBytes.add(b);
}
}
byte[] encryptBytes = encryptByPublicKey(buf, publicKey);
for (byte b : encryptBytes) {
allBytes.add(b);
}
bufIndex = 0;
if (i == dataLen - 1) {
buf = null;
} else {
buf = new byte[Math.min(DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE, dataLen - i - 1)];
}
}
}
byte[] bytes = new byte[allBytes.size()];
{
int i = 0;
for (Byte b : allBytes) {
bytes[i++] = b.byteValue();
}
}
return bytes;
}
/**
* 分段加密
*
* @param data 要加密的原始数据
* @param privateKey 秘钥
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKeyForSpilt(byte[] data, byte[] privateKey) throws Exception {
int dataLen = data.length;
if (dataLen <= DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE) {
return encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);
}
List<Byte> allBytes = new ArrayList<Byte>(2048);
int bufIndex = 0;
int subDataLoop = 0;
byte[] buf = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE];
for (int i = 0; i < dataLen; i++) {
buf[bufIndex] = data[i];
if (++bufIndex == DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE || i == dataLen - 1) {
subDataLoop++;
if (subDataLoop != 1) {
for (byte b : DEFAULT_SPLIT) {
allBytes.add(b);
}
}
byte[] encryptBytes = encryptByPrivateKey(buf, privateKey);
for (byte b : encryptBytes) {
allBytes.add(b);
}
bufIndex = 0;
if (i == dataLen - 1) {
buf = null;
} else {
buf = new byte[Math.min(DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE, dataLen - i - 1)];
}
}
}
byte[] bytes = new byte[allBytes.size()];
{
int i = 0;
for (Byte b : allBytes) {
bytes[i++] = b.byteValue();
}
}
return bytes;
}
/**
* 公钥分段解密
*
* @param encrypted 待解密数据
* @param publicKey 密钥
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPublicKeyForSpilt(byte[] encrypted, byte[] publicKey) throws Exception {
int splitLen = DEFAULT_SPLIT.length;
if (splitLen <= 0) {
return decryptByPublicKey(encrypted, publicKey);
}
int dataLen = encrypted.length;
List<Byte> allBytes = new ArrayList<Byte>(1024);
int latestStartIndex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < dataLen; i++) {
byte bt = encrypted[i];
boolean isMatchSplit = false;
if (i == dataLen - 1) {
// 到data的最后了
byte[] part = new byte[dataLen - latestStartIndex];
System.arraycopy(encrypted, latestStartIndex, part, 0, part.length);
byte[] decryptPart = decryptByPublicKey(part, publicKey);
for (byte b : decryptPart) {
allBytes.add(b);
}
latestStartIndex = i + splitLen;
i = latestStartIndex - 1;
} else if (bt == DEFAULT_SPLIT[0]) {
// 这个是以split[0]开头
if (splitLen > 1) {
if (i + splitLen < dataLen) {
// 没有超出data的范围
for (int j = 1; j < splitLen; j++) {
if (DEFAULT_SPLIT[j] != encrypted[i + j]) {
break;
}
if (j == splitLen - 1) {
// 验证到split的最后一位,都没有break,则表明已经确认是split段
isMatchSplit = true;
}
}
}
} else {
// split只有一位,则已经匹配了
isMatchSplit = true;
}
}
if (isMatchSplit) {
byte[] part = new byte[i - latestStartIndex];
System.arraycopy(encrypted, latestStartIndex, part, 0, part.length);
byte[] decryptPart = decryptByPublicKey(part, publicKey);
for (byte b : decryptPart) {
allBytes.add(b);
}
latestStartIndex = i + splitLen;
i = latestStartIndex - 1;
}
}
byte[] bytes = new byte[allBytes.size()];
{
int i = 0;
for (Byte b : allBytes) {
bytes[i++] = b.byteValue();
}
}
return bytes;
}
/**
* 使用私钥分段解密
*
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKeyForSpilt(byte[] encrypted, byte[] privateKey) throws Exception {
int splitLen = DEFAULT_SPLIT.length;
if (splitLen <= 0) {
return decryptByPrivateKey(encrypted, privateKey);
}
int dataLen = encrypted.length;
List<Byte> allBytes = new ArrayList<Byte>(1024);
int latestStartIndex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < dataLen; i++) {
byte bt = encrypted[i];
boolean isMatchSplit = false;
if (i == dataLen - 1) {
// 到data的最后了
byte[] part = new byte[dataLen - latestStartIndex];
System.arraycopy(encrypted, latestStartIndex, part, 0, part.length);
byte[] decryptPart = decryptByPrivateKey(part, privateKey);
for (byte b : decryptPart) {
allBytes.add(b);
}
latestStartIndex = i + splitLen;
i = latestStartIndex - 1;
} else if (bt == DEFAULT_SPLIT[0]) {
// 这个是以split[0]开头
if (splitLen > 1) {
if (i + splitLen < dataLen) {
// 没有超出data的范围
for (int j = 1; j < splitLen; j++) {
if (DEFAULT_SPLIT[j] != encrypted[i + j]) {
break;
}
if (j == splitLen - 1) {
// 验证到split的最后一位,都没有break,则表明已经确认是split段
isMatchSplit = true;
}
}
}
} else {
// split只有一位,则已经匹配了
isMatchSplit = true;
}
}
if (isMatchSplit) {
byte[] part = new byte[i - latestStartIndex];
System.arraycopy(encrypted, latestStartIndex, part, 0, part.length);
byte[] decryptPart = decryptByPrivateKey(part, privateKey);
for (byte b : decryptPart) {
allBytes.add(b);
}
latestStartIndex = i + splitLen;
i = latestStartIndex - 1;
}
}
byte[] bytes = new byte[allBytes.size()];
{
int i = 0;
for (Byte b : allBytes) {
bytes[i++] = b.byteValue();
}
}
return bytes;
}
}