1、通过set方法注入不同数据类型

  • 测试类代码(set方式注入的属性一定要加set方法)
/**通过set方法注入示例*/
public class IoC_By_Set {
    /**注入Integer类型参数*/
    private Integer id;
    /**注入String类型参数*/
    private String name;
    /**注入实体Bean*/
    private User user;
    /**注入数组*/
    private Object[] array;
    /**注入List集合*/
    private List<Object> list;
    /**注入Set集合*/
    private Set<Object> set;
    /**注入Map键值对*/
    private Map<Object, Object> map;
    /**注入properties类型*/
    private Properties properties;
    /**注入空字符串*/
    private String emptyValue;
    /**注入null值*/
    private String nullValue = "";

    /**检测注入的属性是否全部正确*/
    public boolean checkAttr() {
        if(id == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("id:" + id);
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        if(name == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("name:" + name);
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        if(user == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("Bean:" + user.getId() + "|" + 
                    user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        if(array == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("array:");
            for (Object object : array) {
                System.out.println(object.toString());
            }
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        if(list == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("list:");
            for (Object object : list) {
                System.out.println(object.toString());
            }
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        if(set == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("set:");
            for (Object object : set) {
                System.out.println(object.toString());

            }
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        if(map == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            Set<Entry<Object, Object>> set = map.entrySet();
            System.out.println("map:");
            for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : set) {
                System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "|" + entry.getValue());
            }
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        if(properties == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            Set<Entry<Object, Object>> set = properties.entrySet();
            System.out.println("properties:");
            for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : set) {
                System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "|" + entry.getValue());
            }
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        if(!"".equals(emptyValue))
            return false;
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        if(!(null == nullValue))
            return false;
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        System.out.println("全部正确!!!");
        return true;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    public void setArray(Object[] array) {
        this.array = array;
    }

    public void setList(List<Object> list) {
        this.list = list;
    }

    public void setSet(Set<Object> set) {
        this.set = set;
    }

    public void setMap(Map<Object, Object> map) {
        this.map = map;
    }

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    public void setEmptyValue(String emptyValue) {
        this.emptyValue = emptyValue;
    }

    public void setNullValue(String nullValue) {
        this.nullValue = nullValue;
    }

}
  • applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- set方式注入 -->
    <bean id="ioC_By_Set" class="com.bc.ioc.demo01.IoC_By_Set">
        <!-- 注入id属性 -->
        <property name="id" value="1"/>
        <!-- 使用<![CDATA[]]>标记处理XML特 殊字符 -->
        <property name="name">
            <!-- 也可以使用P&G -->
            <value><![CDATA[P&G]]></value>
        </property>
        <!-- 定义内部Bean注入 -->
        <property name="user">
            <bean class="com.bc.pojo.User">
                <property name="id" value="1"/>
                <property name="userName" value="内部Bean"/>
                <property name="passWord" value="233"/>
            </bean>
        </property>
        <!-- 注入数组类型 -->
        <property name="array">
            <array>
                <!-- 定义数组元素 -->
                <value>array01</value>
                <value>array02</value>
                <value>array03</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <!-- 注入List类型 -->
        <property name="list">
            <list>
                <!-- 定义list中元素 -->
                <value>list01</value>
                <value>list02</value>
                <value>list03</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!-- 注入Set类型 -->
        <property name="set">
            <set>
                <!-- 定义set中元素 -->
                <value>set01</value>
                <value>set02</value>
                <value>set03</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <!-- 注入Map类型 -->
        <property name="map">
            <map>
                <!-- 定义map中的键值对 -->
                <entry>
                    <key>
                        <value>mapKey01</value>
                    </key>
                    <value>mapValue01</value>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                    <key>
                        <value>mapKey02</value>
                    </key>
                    <value>mapValue02</value>
                </entry>
            </map>
        </property>
        <!-- 注入properties类型 -->
        <property name="properties">
            <props>
                <!-- 定义properties中的键值对 -->
                <prop key="propKey1">propValue1</prop>
                <prop key="propKey2">propValue2</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <!-- 注入空字符串 -->
        <property name="emptyValue">
            <value></value>
        </property>
        <!-- 注入null值 -->
        <property name="nullValue">
            <null/>
        </property>
    </bean>
  • 测试代码
public class IoC_Test {

    private ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Before
    public void load() {
        //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }

    @Test
    public void SetTest() {
        IoC_By_Set ioc = (IoC_By_Set) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Set");
        ioc.checkAttr();
    }
}
  • 控制台结果:
id:1
--------------------------
name:P&G
--------------------------
Bean:1|内部Bean|233
--------------------------
array:
array01
array02
array03
--------------------------
list:
list01
list02
list03
--------------------------
set:
set01
set02
set03
--------------------------
map:
mapKey01|mapValue01
mapKey02|mapValue02
--------------------------
properties:
propKey2|propValue2
propKey1|propValue1
--------------------------
--------------------------
--------------------------
全部正确!!!

2、通过构造方法注入各种类型属性

注意:使用JDK1.8版本请将spring相关jar包升级到4.x版本以上,否则不兼容构造方法注入

  • 测试类代码
/** 通过构造方法注入示例 */
public class IoC_By_Constructor {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private User user;
    private List<Object> list;

    public IoC_By_Constructor() {
    }

    public IoC_By_Constructor(Integer id, String name, User user,
            List<Object> list) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.user = user;
        this.list = list;
    }

    /**检查是否注入成功*/
    public boolean checkAttr() {
        if(id == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("id:" + id);
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        if(name == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("name:" + name);
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        if(user == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + 
                    user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        if(list == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("list:");
            for (Object object : list) {
                System.out.println(object.toString());
            }
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        System.out.println("全部正确!!!");
        return true;
    }
}
  • applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 构造方法注入 演示几种类型-->
    <bean id="ioC_By_Constructor" class="com.bc.ioc.demo02.IoC_By_Constructor">
        <!-- 注入Integer属性,可以选择使用index指定参数位置,也可以选择使用type指定参数类型 -->
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="1" type="java.lang.Integer"/>
        <!-- 注入字符串 -->
        <constructor-arg value="P&G"/>
        <!-- 注入对象 -->
        <constructor-arg>
            <!-- 内建对象 -->
            <bean class="com.bc.pojo.User">
                <constructor-arg value="1"/>
                <constructor-arg value="构造内部Bean"/>
                <constructor-arg value="666"/>
            </bean>
        </constructor-arg>
        <!-- 注入集合 -->
        <constructor-arg>
            <list>
                <value>list01</value>
                <value>list02</value>
                <value>list03</value>
            </list>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
  • 测试代码:
public class IoC_Test {

    private ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Before
    public void load() {
        //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }

    @Test
    public void constructorTest() {
        IoC_By_Constructor ioc = (IoC_By_Constructor) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Constructor");
        ioc.checkAttr();
    }

}
  • 控制台结果:
id:1
----------------------------
name:P&G
----------------------------
user:1|构造内部Bean|666
----------------------------
list:
list01
list02
list03
----------------------------
全部正确!!!

3、自动注入(自动装配)

自动装配虽然能节省一些代码但是不推荐使用

  • 测试类代码:
/**自动装配注入*/
public class IoC_By_Auto {

    private User user;

    /**检查是否注入成功*/
    public boolean checkAttr() {
        if(user == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + 
                    user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());
        }
        System.out.println("正确!!!");
        return true;
    }

    /**自动装配的属性需要设置set方法*/
    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

}
  • applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 被自动装配获取的bean -->
    <bean id="user" class="com.bc.pojo.User">
        <property name="id" value="1"/>
        <property name="userName" value="自动装配"/>
        <property name="passWord" value="233"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 自动装配的bean
         autowire:byName 根据类的属性名查找与之命名相同的id的bean进行装配
                  byType 根据类的属性类型查找唯一一个匹配类型的bean,如果有多个bean匹配则抛出异常
                  constructor 根据类的构造方法参数类型匹配对应的bean
                  no 默认,表示不使用自动装配
                  default:由上级标签<beans>的default-autowire属性确定 -->
    <bean id="ioC_By_Auto" class="com.bc.ioc.demo03.IoC_By_Auto" autowire="byName"></bean>
  • 测试代码
public class IoC_Test {

    private ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Before
    public void load() {
        //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }

    @Test
    public void AutoTest() {
        IoC_By_Auto ioc = (IoC_By_Auto) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Auto");
        ioc.checkAttr();
    }

}
  • 控制台结果
user:1|自动装配|233
正确!!!
  • 以上使用的是byName模式,其他模式配置代码已经注明,不做测试。

4、使用P命名空间注入属性

  • 测试类代码
/**使用P命名空间注入*/
public class IoC_By_P {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private User user;

    /**检查是否注入成功*/
    public boolean checkAttr() {
        if(id == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("id:" + id);
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        if(name == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("name:" + name);
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        if(user == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + 
                    user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        System.out.println("全部正确!!!");
        return true;
    }

    //使用P命名空间注入属性需要设置set方法
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

}
  • applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 使用P命名空间注入各种类型属性 -->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.bc.pojo.User">
        <property name="id" value="1"/>
        <property name="userName" value="P"/>
        <property name="passWord" value="233"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="ioC_By_P" class="com.bc.ioc.demo04.IoC_By_P" p:id="1" 
        p:name="命名空间" p:user-ref="user2"></bean>
  • 测试代码
public class IoC_Test {

    private ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Before
    public void load() {
        //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }

    @Test
    public void PTest() {
        IoC_By_P ioc = (IoC_By_P) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_P");
        ioc.checkAttr();
    }

}
  • 控制台结果
id:1
----------------------------
name:命名空间
----------------------------
user:1|P|233
----------------------------
全部正确!!!

5、使用注解方式注入

Spring在3.0以后,提供了基于Annotation(注解)的注入。

1.@Autowired -对成员变量、方法和构造函数进行标注,来完成自动装配的工作,不推荐使用
2.@Qualifier -配合@Autowired来解决装配多个同类型的bean
3.@Resource -JSR-250标准注解,作用相当于@Autowired,只不过@Autowired按byType自动注入,而@Resource默认按byName自动注入
4.@PostConstruct -在方法上加上注解@PostConstruct,这个方法就会在Bean初始化之后被Spring容器执行
5.@PreDestroy -在方法上加上注解@PreDestroy,这个方法就会在Bean初始化之后被Spring容器执行
6.@Component -只需要在对应的类上加上一个@Component注解,就将该类定义为一个Bean,不推荐使用,推荐使用更加细化的三种:@Repository、@Service、@Controller

  • @Repository 存储层Bean
  • @Service 业务层Bean
  • @Controller 展示层Bean

7.@Scope -定义Bean的作用范围

  • 首先配置applicationContext.xml开启注解
<!-- 扫描包中注解标注的类 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bc.ioc.demo05"/>
  • 实体Bean加注解
@Repository
public class User {

    private Integer id = 1;

    private String userName = "注解注入";

    private String passWord = "233";

    public User() {
        super();
    }

    public User(Integer id, String userName, String passWord) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.userName = userName;
        this.passWord = passWord;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public String getPassWord() {
        return passWord;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public void setPassWord(String passWord) {
        this.passWord = passWord;
    }

}
  • 测试类代码加注解
/**使用注解注入属性*/
@Service("ioC_By_Annotation")
public class IoC_By_Annotation {
    @Resource
    private User user;

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    /**检查是否注入成功*/
    public boolean checkAttr() {
        if(user == null) {
            return false;
        }else {
            System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|" + 
                    user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());
        }
        System.out.println("正确!!!");
        return true;
    }
}
  • 测试代码
public class IoC_Test {

    private ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Before
    public void load() {
        //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }

    @Test
    public void annotationTest() {
        IoC_By_Annotation ioc = (IoC_By_Annotation) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Annotation");
        ioc.checkAttr();
    }

}
  • 控制台输出

经测试使用注解注入如果applicationContext.xml配置有其他注入方式会报错,也会导致其他注入方式异常。

user:1|注解注入|233
正确!!!

6、通过配置静态工厂方法Bean注入

  • 静态工厂代码
/**静态工厂*/
public class StaticFactory {

    public static Integer getId() {
        return 1;
    }

    public static String getName() {
        return "静态工厂";
    }

    public static User getUser() {
        return new User(1, "工厂User", "666");
    }
}
  • 测试类代码
/** 通过静态工厂方式注入 */
public class IoC_By_StaticFactory {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private User user;

    /** 检查是否注入成功 */
    public boolean checkAttr() {
        if (id == null) {
            return false;
        } else {
            System.out.println("id:" + id);
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        if (name == null) {
            return false;
        } else {
            System.out.println("name:" + name);
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        if (user == null) {
            return false;
        } else {
            System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|"
                    + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        System.out.println("全部正确!!!");
        return true;
    }

    /**需要为需要注入的属性设置set方法*/
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

}
  • applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 配置静态工厂方法Bean 其实就是将工厂方法返回的数值配置成Bean -->
    <bean id="factory_id" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method="getId"/>
    <bean id="factory_name" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method="getName"/>
    <bean id="factory_user" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.StaticFactory" factory-method="getUser"/>
    <!-- 注入对应的静态工厂方法Bean -->
    <bean id="ioC_By_StaticFactory" class="com.bc.ioc.demo06.IoC_By_StaticFactory">
        <property name="id" ref="factory_id"/>
        <property name="name" ref="factory_name"/>
        <property name="user" ref="factory_user"/>
    </bean>
  • 测试代码
public class IoC_Test {

    private ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Before
    public void load() {
        //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }

    @Test
    public void staticFactoryTest() {
        IoC_By_StaticFactory ioc = (IoC_By_StaticFactory) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_StaticFactory");
        ioc.checkAttr();
    }
}
  • 控制台输出结果
id:1
----------------------------
name:静态工厂
----------------------------
user:1|工厂User|666
----------------------------
全部正确!!!

7、通过实例工厂方法注入

与静态工厂区别在于实例工厂不是静态的,需要先new 一个实例工厂对象,才可以配置其方法,而new 的这个对象也由spring来管理

  • 工厂代码
/**实例工厂*/
public class Factory {

    public Integer getId() {
        return 1;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return "实例工厂";
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return new User(1, "实例工厂User", "233");
    }
}
  • 测试类代码
/**实例工厂注入*/
public class IoC_By_Factory {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private User user;

    /** 检查是否注入成功 */
    public boolean checkAttr() {
        if (id == null) {
            return false;
        } else {
            System.out.println("id:" + id);
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        if (name == null) {
            return false;
        } else {
            System.out.println("name:" + name);
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        if (user == null) {
            return false;
        } else {
            System.out.println("user:" + user.getId() + "|"
                    + user.getUserName() + "|" + user.getPassWord());
        }
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        System.out.println("全部正确!!!");
        return true;
    }

    /**需要为需要注入的属性设置set方法*/
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
}
  • applicationContext.xml配置
<!-- 配置实例工厂Bean -->
    <bean id="factory" class="com.bc.ioc.demo07.Factory"/>
    <!-- 配置实例工厂方法Bean -->
    <bean id="f_id" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getId"/>
    <bean id="f_name" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getName"/>
    <bean id="f_user" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getUser"/>
    <!-- 注入对应的实例工厂方法Bean -->
    <bean id="ioC_By_Factory" class="com.bc.ioc.demo07.IoC_By_Factory">
        <property name="id" ref="f_id"/>
        <property name="name" ref="f_name"/>
        <property name="user" ref="f_user"/>
    </bean>
  • 测试类代码
public class IoC_Test {

    private ApplicationContext ctx;

    @Before
    public void load() {
        //读取applicationContext.xml配置文件
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    }

    @Test
    public void factoryTest() {
        IoC_By_Factory ioc = (IoC_By_Factory) ctx.getBean("ioC_By_Factory");
        ioc.checkAttr();
    }
}
  • 控制台输出
id:1
----------------------------
name:实例工厂
----------------------------
user:1|实例工厂User|233
----------------------------
全部正确!!!