介绍
GitLab CE或Community Edition是一个开源应用程序，主要用于托管Git存储库，以及其他与开发相关的功能，如问题跟踪。它旨在使用您自己的基础架构进行托管，并为您的开发团队提供部署内部存储库的灵活性，与用户交互的公共方式，或者为贡献者提供托管自己项目的方法。
GitLab项目使用简单的安装机制在您自己的硬件上设置GitLab实例变得相对简单。在本指南中，我们将介绍如何在虚拟机Ubuntu 20.04上安装和配置GitLab。
进入gitlab.com官方主页 菜单Product -> Intall GitLab
查看“View Install instructions” -> " For Ubuntu 20.04, arm64 packages are also available. "
第1步 - 安装依赖项
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y curl openssh-server ca-certificates tzdata perl安装postfix为了能发送邮件。
sudo apt-get install -y postfix
选择“Internet Site” **<OK>**继续。
"System mail name:" 输入你服务器主机得邮箱名。
第2步 - 增加Gitlab版本并安装版本包
cd /tmp
curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.deb.sh | sudo bash
显示结果如下：
bspserver:/tmp$ curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/script.deb.sh | sudo bash
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 5933 100 5933 0 0 7416 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 7416
Detected operating system as Ubuntu/focal.
Checking for curl...
Detected curl...
Checking for gpg...
Detected gpg...
Running apt-get update... done.
Installing apt-transport-https... done.
Installing /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gitlab_gitlab-ce.list...done.
Importing packagecloud gpg key... done.
Running apt-get update... done.
The repository is setup! You can now install packages.您可以随意检查下载的脚本，以确保您对所需的操作感到满意。您还可以在此处找到该脚本的托管版本：
less /tmp/script.deb.sh一旦您对脚本的安全性感到满意，请运行安装程序：
sudo bash /tmp/script.deb.sh该脚本将设置您的服务器以使用GitLab维护的存储库。这使您可以使用与其他系统软件包相同的软件包管理工具来管理GitLab。完成后，您可以使用以下apt命令安装实际的GitLab应用程序：
sudo apt install gitlab-ce这将在您的系统上安装必要的组件。
安装显示结果如下：
bspserver:/tmp$ sudo apt install gitlab-ce
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
gitlab-ce
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 63 not upgraded.
Need to get 972 MB of archives.
After this operation, 2,637 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/ubuntu focal/main amd64 gitlab-ce amd64 14.5.2-ce.0 [972 MB]
Fetched 972 MB in 2min 29s (6,538 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package gitlab-ce.
(Reading database ... 201115 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../gitlab-ce_14.5.2-ce.0_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gitlab-ce (14.5.2-ce.0) ...
Setting up gitlab-ce (14.5.2-ce.0) ...
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.
*. *.
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,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
.,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
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/ ____(_) /_/ / ____ _/ /_
/ / __/ / __/ / / __ `/ __ \
/ /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
\____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
Thank you for installing GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
Help us improve the installation experience, let us know how we did with a 1 minute survey:
https://gitlab.fra1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6kVqZANThUQ1bZb?installation=omnibus&release=14-5注意事项
在安装GitLab应用程序中如果报以下错误，我们可以配置国内加速镜像。
报错信息：
# apt-get install gitlab-ce
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package gitlab-ce修改安装脚本
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gitlab_gitlab-ce.listOLD
deb https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/ubuntu/ focal main
deb-src https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/ubuntu/ focal mainNEW
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/ubuntu focal main
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/ubuntu focal main再次执行
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gitlab-ce第3步 - 编辑GitLab配置文件
在使用该应用程序之前，需要更新配置文件并运行重新配置命令。首先，打开Gitlab的配置文件：
sudo vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb顶部附近是external_url配置线。更新它以匹配您的域。更改http为https以便GitLab会自动将用户重定向到受Let's加密证书保护的站点：
## GitLab URL
##! URL on which GitLab will be reachable.
##! For more details on configuring external_url see:
##! https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/configuration.html#configuring-the-external-url-for-gitlab
##!
##! Note: During installation/upgrades, the value of the environment variable
##! EXTERNAL_URL will be used to populate/replace this value.
##! On AWS EC2 instances, we also attempt to fetch the public hostname/IP
##! address from AWS. For more details, see:
##! https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instancedata-data-retrieval.html
external_url 'http://example.com' // 此处修改为您的域名或ip地址 external_url 'http://173.20.14.206'设置Gitlab邮箱服务配置：
### GitLab email server settings
###! Docs: https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/smtp.html
###! **Use smtp instead of sendmail/postfix.**
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.aliyun.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 465
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "weitao.zhu@aliyun.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "your aliyun email password"
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "aliyun.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitilab_email_from'] = "weitao.zhu@aliyun.com"
user["git_user_email"] = "weitao.zhu@aliyun.com"检查Gitlab邮箱服务配置是否修改成功：
grep "^[a-Z]" /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
bspserver@bspserver-hingetech:/tmp$ sudo grep "^[a-Z]" /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://173.20.14.206'
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.aliyun.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 465
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "weitao.zhu@aliyun.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "your aliyun email password"
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "aliyun.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitilab_email_from'] = "weitao.zhu@aliyun.com"
user["git_user_email"] = "weitao.zhu@aliyun.com"保存并关闭文件。运行以下命令重新配置Gitlab：
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure这将使用它可以找到的有关您的服务器的信息初始化GitLab。这是一个完全自动化的过程，因此您不必回答任何提示。
到最后有个root初始密码提示如下：
Notes:
Default admin account has been configured with following details:
Username: root
Password: You didn't opt-in to print initial root password to STDOUT.
Password stored to /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password. This file will be cleaned up in first reconfigure run after 24 hours.
NOTE: Because these credentials might be present in your log files in plain text, it is highly recommended to reset the password following https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/security/reset_user_password.html#reset-your-root-password.
bspserver@bspserver-hingetech:/tmp$ sudo cat /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password
# WARNING: This value is valid only in the following conditions
# 1. If provided manually (either via `GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD` environment variable or via `gitlab_rails['initial_root_password']` setting in `gitlab.rb`, it was provided before database was seeded for the first time (usually, the first reconfigure run).
# 2. Password hasn't been changed manually, either via UI or via command line.
#
# If the password shown here doesn't work, you must reset the admin password following https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/security/reset_user_password.html#reset-your-root-password.
Password: nWuzgOFdJkyQawfwpi842UHoW93YE51QK+FK2EkBPDc=
# NOTE: This file will be automatically deleted in the first reconfigure run after 24 hours.利用初始密码登录之前设置http://173.20.14.206登录主页IP。
成功登录后你便可以选择“Edit profile” -> " Password"修改root的密码。
修改成功后自动退出，重新登录。
附上GitLab常用命令：
常用命令 | 说明 |
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure | 重新加载配置，每次修改/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb文件之后执行 |
sudo gitlab-ctl status | 查看 GitLab 状态 |
sudo gitlab-ctl start | 启动 GitLab |
sudo gitlab-ctl stop | 停止 GitLab |
sudo gitlab-ctl restart | 重启 GitLab |
sudo gitlab-ctl tail | 查看所有日志 |
sudo gitlab-ctl tail nginx/gitlab_acces.log | 查看 nginx 访问日志 |
sudo gitlab-ctl tail postgresql | 查看 postgresql 日志 |
第4步 - gitlab重置root用户密码
切换目录：
cd /opt/gitlab/bin执行 ：sudo gitlab-rails console -e production 命令 开始初始化密码
bspserver@bspserver-hingetech:~$ sudo gitlab-rails console -e production
[sudo] password for bspserver:
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for bspserver:
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for bspserver:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ruby: ruby 2.7.5p203 (2021-11-24 revision f69aeb8314) [x86_64-linux]
GitLab: 14.5.2 (76ceea558aa) FOSS
GitLab Shell: 13.22.1
PostgreSQL: 12.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loading production environment (Rails 6.1.4.1)
irb(main):001:0>输入 u=User.where(id:1).first 来查找与切换账号（User.all 可以查看所有用户）
irb(main):001:0> u=User.where(id:1).first
=> #<User id:1 @root>
irb(main):002:0> u=User.all
=> #<ActiveRecord::Relation [#<User id:1 @root>]>
irb(main):003:0>通过u.password='12345678'设置密码为12345678(这里的密码看自己喜欢)：
=> #<User id:1 @root>
irb(main):005:0> u.password='12345678'
=> "12345678"通过u.password_confirmation='12345678' 再次确认密码
irb(main):006:0> u.password_confirmation='12345678'
=> "12345678"通过 u.save!进行保存（切记切记 后面的 !）
irb(main):007:0> u.save!
=> true如果看到上面截图中的true ，恭喜你已经成功了，执行 exit 退出当前设置流程即可。
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