本节其我们开始学习DB2相关的管理技术,还是从安装开始讲起,本例以AIX平台为基础,由于版面字数限制,刚开始很全面的发表失败,由于未备份只能重新开始来,本讲就简化,注重安装过程,至于为什么会这样,下一讲讲重点介绍。
DB2安装需要的硬件环境要求:磁盘和内存要求磁盘要求产品需要的磁盘空间取决于所选择的安装类型以及具有的文件系统类型。“DB2®安装”向导会根据在典型安装、精简安装或定制安装过程中选择的组件,提供动态的大小估计。
请记住,应包括必需的数据库、软件和通信产品所需要的磁盘空间。
在 Linux® 和 UNIX® 操作系统上,建议 /tmp 目录中有 2 GB 可用空间。
内存要求DB2 数据库系统至少需要 256 MB RAM。对于一个只运行 DB2 产品和 DB2 GUI 工具的系统,至少需要 512MB RAM。但是,建议提供 1 GB 的 RAM 以提高性能。这些要求并不包括在系统上运行的其他软件所需要的内存。
当确定内存要求时,应了解下列事项:

  • 在基于 Itanium 的 HP-UX V11i 系统上运行的 DB2 产品至少需要 512 MB RAM。
  • 对于 IBM® 数据服务器客户机支持,这些内存要求是按照存在五个并行客户机连接的情况来计算的。每增加五个客户机连接,就需要增加16 MB RAM。
  • 内存要求不仅受到数据库系统大小和复杂程度的影响,而且受到数据库活动范围和访问系统的客户机数目的影响。 对于 DB2服务器产品,自调整内存功能会自动设置几个内存配置参数值,从而简化了内存配置任务。启用此功能后,内存调整器就会在几个内存使用者(包括排序、程序包高速缓存、锁定列表和缓冲池)之间动态分配可用内存资源。
  • 在 Linux 和 UNIX 操作系统上,建议使 SWAP 空间至少为 RAM 的两倍。


配置 AIX 系统参数


AIX 操作系统在安装完成后,系统的许多默认参数需要手工来修改这些参数,为提高 DB2 数据库的性能。需要调整以下参数,


需要首先以 root 用户身份登陆。


设置每个用户的最大进程数 # chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc='4096'


设置文件的缓存


DB2 数据库有自己的文件缓存,一般情况下不需要使用系统的文件缓存。在 AIX系统中,默认情况,系统的文件缓存设置的过大,


影响了 DB2 使用更多的系统内存。这里通过 vmo 命令限制 AIX 系统的文件缓存大小,分别为最小为 15%,最大为系统的40%。


在进行调整前,首先通过命令 vmo -a 来查看目前的参数值;minperm 及 maxperm 的缺省值分别是 30% 和80%。


# vmo –p –o minperm% = 15 
 
 # vmo –p –o maxperm% = 40

设置系统的 Paging Space


AIX 安装完成后,默认的 Paging Space 的大小为 512MB,需要设置其他,设置 Paging Space的大小的原则是 :


 

  1) 系统实际内存在 64MB to 256MB 之间 ,Page Space = RAM size + 16MB ;

 

  2) 系统实际内存大于 256MB , Page Space= 512 + ( RAM - 256 ) * 1.25 ;

 

  3) 当内存超过 4GB 时 ,则需要根据实际情况来定,一般可初始 3GB, 然后观察 Paging Space 的使用情况 ,

 

  如果使用率超过 70%, 则需要增加 pagingspace。可以通过 chps 命令直接修改或 smitty chps 来修改。

 

  # chps -s 16hd6    ( 系统的 PPS 大小为 128M)

操作系统补丁要求 

 

AIX V5.3


需要 64 位 AIX 内核


AIX 5.3 技术级别(TL)9 和 Service Pack(SP?)2


最低 C++ 运行时级别需要 xlC.rte 9.0.0.8 和 xlC.aix50.rte9.0.0.8(或更高版本)文件集。


这些文件集包含在 2008 年 6 月发布的“用于 AIX 的 IBM? C++ 运行时环境组件”程序包中。


AIX V6.12


需要 64 位 AIX 内核


AIX 6.1 TL 2


最低 C++ 运行时级别需要 xlC.rte 9.0.0.8 和 xlC.aix61.rte9.0.0.8(或更高版本)文件集。


这些文件集包含在 2008 年 6 月发布的“用于 AIX 的 IBM C++ 运行时环境组件”程序包中。


安装IOCP,smitty installp


smitty iocp,将IOCP改为available重启。



安装数据库过程




1、安装介质准备

 通过ftp将db2安装介质和License文件传到AIX系统里。

# pwd
 /software# ls
 DB2_Enterprise_Svr_Ed_AIX_5L_v91.tar  db2_install                  installFixPack                db2  
 aix5300-07                    db2setup                     lost+found



2、安装DB2产品

 以root用户执行:

# ./db2_install

 Default directory for installation of products -/opt/IBM/db2/V9.1
 ***********************************************************
 Do you want to choose a different directory to install [yes/no]?
no


 Specify one or more of the following keywords,
 separated by spaces, to install DB2 products.
   CLIENT
   RTCL
   ESE

 Enter "help" to redisplay product names.
 Enter "quit" to exit.
 ***********************************************************
ESE
 DB2 installation is being initialized.Total number of tasks to be performed: 45
 Total estimated time for all tasks to be performed: 826Task #1 start
 Description: Enabling Asynchronous I/O
 Estimated time 2 second(s)
 Task #1 endTask #2 start
 Description: Checking license agreement acceptance
 Estimated time 1 second(s)
 Task #2 endTask #3 start
 Description: GSKit support
 Estimated time 19 second(s)
 Task #3 endTask #4 start
 Description: Product Messages - English
 Estimated time 10 second(s)
 Task #4 endTask #5 start
 Description: Base client support
 Estimated time 131 second(s)
 Task #5 endTask #6 start
 Description: IBM Software Development Kit (SDK) for Java(TM)
 Estimated time 81 second(s)
 Task #6 endTask #7 start
 Description: Java Help (HTML) - English
 Estimated time 7 second(s)
 Task #7 endTask #8 start
 Description: Replication with MQ Server
 Estimated time 23 second(s)
 Task #8 endTask #9 start
 Description: Run-time Environment
 Estimated time 87 second(s)
 Task #9 endTask #10 start
 Description: SQL procedures
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #10 endTask #11 start
 Description: ICU Utilities
 Estimated time 41 second(s)
 Task #11 endTask #12 start
 Description: SQL Replication Support
 Estimated time 21 second(s)
 Task #12 endTask #13 start
 Description: Base server support
 Estimated time 48 second(s)
 Task #13 endTask #14 start
 Description: Connect support
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #14 endTask #15 start
 Description: Java support
 Estimated time 6 second(s)
 Task #15 endTask #16 start
 Description: Java Common files
 Estimated time 19 second(s)
 Task #16 endTask #17 start
 Description: Spatial Extender client
 Estimated time 6 second(s)
 Task #17 endTask #18 start
 Description: Base application development tools
 Estimated time 18 second(s)
 Task #18 endTask #19 start
 Description: Administration Server
 Estimated time 7 second(s)
 Task #19 endTask #20 start
 Description: Communication support - TCP/IP
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #20 endTask #21 start
 Description: Parallel Extension
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #21 endTask #22 start
 Description: Replication tools
 Estimated time 13 second(s)
 Task #22 endTask #23 start
 Description: Relational wrappers common
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #23 endTask #24 start
 Description: DB2 data source support
 Estimated time 8 second(s)
 Task #24 endTask #25 start
 Description: DB2 LDAP support
 Estimated time 4 second(s)
 Task #25 endTask #26 start
 Description: DB2 Instance Setup wizard
 Estimated time 4 second(s)
 Task #26 endTask #27 start
 Description: Control Server
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #27 endTask #28 start
 Description: XML Extender
 Estimated time 10 second(s)
 Task #28 endTask #29 start
 Description: First Steps
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #29 endTask #30 start
 Description: DB2 Web Tools
 Estimated time 12 second(s)
 Task #30 endTask #31 start
 Description: Product Signature for DB2 Enterprise ServerEdition
 Estimated time 6 second(s)
 Task #31 endTask #32 start
 Description: XML Extender samples
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #32 endTask #33 start
 Description: ADT sample programs
 Estimated time 21 second(s)
 Task #33 endTask #34 start
 Description: Sample database source
 Estimated time 4 second(s)
 Task #34 endTask #35 start
 Description: Spatial Extender samples
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #35 endTask #36 start
 Description: Informix data source support
 Estimated time 5 second(s)
 Task #36 endTask #37 start
 Description: Setting DB2 library path
 Estimated time 120 second(s)
 Task #37 endTask #38 start
 Description: Executing control tasks
 Estimated time 20 second(s)
 Task #38 endTask #39 start
 Description: Updating global registry
 Estimated time 20 second(s)
 Task #39 endTask #40 start
 Description: Starting DB2 Fault Monitor
 Estimated time 10 second(s)
 Task #40 endTask #41 start
 Description: Updating the db2ls link
 Estimated time 1 second(s)
 Task #41 endTask #42 start
 Description: Registering DB2 licenses
 Estimated time 5 second(s)
 Task #42 endTask #43 start
 Description: Setting default global profile registryvariables
 Estimated time 1 second(s)
 Task #43 endTask #44 start
 Description: Initializing instance list
 Estimated time 5 second(s)
 Task #44 endTask #45 start
 Description: Updating global profile registry
 Estimated time 3 second(s)
 Task #45 endThe execution completed successfully.
For more information see the DB2 installation logat
 "/tmp/db2_install.log.340158".

3、安装License。

 以root用户执行:

# cd /opt/IBM/db2/V9.1/adm

# ./db2licm-a  /tmp/license/db2ese_c.lic

LIC1402I License addedsuccessfully.  

如果还有其他license,可以在一并添加。

至此,DB2产片安装完成。



4、创建DB2组和用户

创建用户的Home:

# mkdir /home/db2inst1
# mkdir /home/db2fenc1
# mkdir /home/dasusr1
创建组:
# mkgroup -Aid=117  db2iadm1
# mkgroup -Aid=118  db2fadm1
# mkgroup -Aid=119  dasadm1
创建用户:
# mkuser -a id=221 pgrp=dbiadm1 home=/home/db2inst1db2inst1
 # mkuser -a id=222 pgrp=db2fadm1 home=/home/db2fenc1 db2fenc1
 # mkuser -a id=223pgrp=dasadm1  home=/home/db2adm1dasusr11修改用户密码:
# passwd db2inst1
 Changing password for "db2inst1"
 db2inst1's New password:
 Enter the new password again:
 # passwd db2fenc1
 Changing password for "db2fenc1"
 db2fenc1's New password:
 Enter the new password again:
 # passwd db2adm1
 Changing password for "db2adm1"
 db2adm1's New password:
 Enter the new password again:



5、创建实例和数据库

 以root用户执行:

# cd /opt/IBM/db2/V9.7
 # ls
 .metadata    bin        das        doc        include32    java       map         samples      tools
 Readme       bnd        dasfcn      function    infopop     lib32       misc       security32
 adm         cfg        db2xml      ha        install     lib64       msg        security64
 adsm        conv        default.env  include     instance     license     profiles.reg  tivready
 # cd instance
 # ls
 common     daslist    dasutil    db2iauto   db2idbm    db2iexec   db2imchk   db2ipcld   db2isrv    db2iuadm   db2uit
 dascrt     dasmigr    db2ckmig   db2icknm   db2idefs   db2iinfo   db2imigr   db2iset    db2istop   db2iupdt   native
 dasdrop    dasupdt    db2clpid   db2icrt    db2idrop   db2ilist   db2instcfg  db2isetup  db2istrt   db2iutil
 # ./db2icrt -p 50000 -u db2fenc1 db2inst1
 DBI1070I Program db2icrt completedsuccessfully.


创建样本数据库:

# su - db2inst1
 $ db2sampl Starting theDB2 instance...
   Creating database"SAMPLE"...
   Connecting to database"SAMPLE"...
   Creating tables and data inschema "DB2INST1"...
   Stopping the DB2instance... 'db2sampl'processing complete.
$ db2 list db directory
System Database Directory
Number of entries in the directory = 1
Database 1 entry:
Database alias                =SAMPLE
 Database name                 =SAMPLE
 Local database directory          =/home/db2inst1
 Database release level           = b.00
 Comment                      = A sampledatabase
 Directory entry type            =Indirect
 Catalog database partition number   = 0
 Alternate server hostname         =
 Alternate server port number       =$ db2 connect to sample
 SQL1032N  No start databasemanager command wasissued.  SQLSTATE=57019
 $ db2start
 12/23/2009 18:14:48    0  0  SQL1063N  DB2STARTprocessing was successful.
 SQL1063N  DB2START processing wassuccessful.

 $ db2 connect to sample  DatabaseConnection Information
Database server      = DB2/AIX649.7
 SQL authorization ID   =DB2INST1
 Local database alias   =SAMPLE$ db2 "select * from staff"
ID    NAME    DEPT  JOB  YEARS  SALARY   COMM    
 ------ --------- ------ ----- ------ --------- ---------
     10 Sanders      20Mgr       7  98357.50       -
     20 Pernal      20Sales     8  78171.25   612.45
     30 Marenghi     38Mgr       5  77506.75       -
     40 O'Brien      38Sales     6  78006.00   846.55
     50 Hanes       15Mgr     10  80659.80       -
     60 Quigley      38Sales     -  66808.30   650.25
     70 Rothman      15Sales     7  76502.83  1152.00
     80 James       20Clerk     -  43504.60   128.20
     90 Koonitz      42Sales     6  38001.75  1386.70
    100 Plotz       42Mgr       7  78352.80       -
    110 Ngan        15Clerk     5  42508.20   206.60
    120 Naughton     38Clerk     -  42954.75   180.00
    130Yamaguchi    42Clerk     6  40505.90    75.60
    140 Fraye       51Mgr       6  91150.00       -
    150 Williams     51Sales     6  79456.50   637.65
    160 Molinare     10Mgr       7  82959.20       -
    170 Kermisch     15Clerk     4  42258.50   110.10
    180 Abrahams     38Clerk     3  37009.75   236.50
    190 Sneider      20Clerk     8  34252.75   126.50
    200 Scoutten     42Clerk     -  41508.60    84.20
    210 Lu         10Mgr     10  90010.00       -
    220 Smith       51Sales     7  87654.50   992.80
    230Lundquist    51Clerk     3  83369.80   189.65
    240 Daniels      10Mgr       5  79260.25       -
    250 Wheeler      51Clerk     6  74460.00   513.30
    260 Jones       10Mgr     12  81234.00       -
    270 Lea        66Mgr       9  88555.50       -
    280 Wilson      66Sales     9  78674.50   811.50
    290 Quill       84Mgr     10  89818.00       -
    300 Davis       84Sales     5  65454.50   806.10
    310 Graham      66Sales    13  71000.00   200.30
    320 Gonzales     66Sales     4  76858.20   844.00
    330 Burke       66Clerk     1  49988.00    55.50
    340 Edwards      84Sales     7  67844.00  1285.00
    350 Gafney      84Clerk     5  43030.50   35 record(s)selected.
$ db2licm -l
 Product name:               "DB2Enterprise Server Edition"
 License type:               "User"
 Expiry date:                "Permanent"
 Product identifier:          "db2ese"
 Version information:          "9.7"
 Number of licensed authorized users: "25"
 Annotation:                 "-2;(_u)"
 Features:
 DB2 Database Partitioning:      "Notlicensed"
 DB2 Performance Optimization ESE: "Not licensed"
 DB2 Storage Optimization:       "Notlicensed"
 DB2 Advanced Access Control:     "Notlicensed"
 DB2 Geodetic Data Management:    "Notlicensed"
 Homogeneous Federation for DB2:  "Not licensed"
 DB2 Pure XML ESE:            "Notlicensed"


6、创建DAS管理服务器


 

以root用户执行: 
 
 # pwd 
 
 /opt/IBM/db2/V9.7/instance 
 
 # ./dascrt -u dasusr1 
 
 SQL4406W  
   
 The DB2 AdministrationServer was started successfully. 
 
 DBI1070I Program dascrt completedsuccessfully.  
   
 
 # su - dasusr1 
 
 $ db2admin 
 
 db2adm1 
 
 $ db2admin start 
 
 SQL4409W  
   
 The DB2 AdministrationServer is already active. 
 
 $ exit 
 
 # su - db2inst1 
 
 $ ls 
 
 db2inst1  
   
 sqllib 
 
 $  
   
 db2 get dbm cfg|grepSVCENAME 
 
 TCP/IP Service name  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 (SVCENAME) =50000

以上一个完整的安装过程即完成,各个安装细节问题下节继续讨论。