idea addconfiguration 没有springboot idea里没有spring

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mob64ca1406d617 2024-07-05 14:20:50

文章标签 SpringMVC Java配置 spring java MVC 文章分类 架构后端开发

Eclispe中SpringMVC的简单开发---Annotation、Eclipse中SpringMVC的简单开发---XML配置两篇博文已经交代了SpringMVC的开发流程，这两种分别使用注解以及xnl文件来进行对控制层进行配置。但是无论哪种文件，还是需要进行xml文件的配置，比如web.xml和SpringMVC配置文件。但是随着servlet的发展，现在支持无web.xml的配置方式的出现，直接采用Java类来替换xml文件的配置。接下来则将上述例子在IDEA中采用无配置开发。以下是开发流程。

1.IDEA中创建Maven项目

首先创建一个Maven项目HelloSpringMVC，如下图所示：

idea addconfiguration 没有springboot idea里没有spring_SpringMVC

接着将其配置成web项目，右键项目点击add framework support...

idea addconfiguration 没有springboot idea里没有spring_Java配置_02

选择web application

idea addconfiguration 没有springboot idea里没有spring_spring_03

至此，Maven项目建立成功，接着进行之后的操作。

2.pom.xml文件

由于是Maven项目，所以需要将依赖jar包都写入pom.xml文件，本项目的pom文件如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.carson</groupId>
    <artifactId>HelloSpringMVC</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <!-- Generic properties -->
        <java.version>1.7</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <!-- Web -->
        <jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version>
        <!-- Spring -->
        <spring-framework.version>4.1.5.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
        <!-- Logging -->
        <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax</groupId>
            <artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
            <version>7.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring MVC -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 其他web依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>${jstl.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>${servlet.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>${jsp.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring and Transactions -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 使用SLF4J和LogBack作为日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>${logback.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            <version>${logback.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
            <version>${logback.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--对json和xml格式的支持 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- file upload -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 非必需，可简化IO操作 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.日志配置

在src/main/resources目录下(自己手动新建目录)，新建logback.xml用来配置日志，如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<configuration scan = "true" scanPeriod="1 seconds">
    <contextListener class="ch.qos.logback.classic.jul.LevelChangePropagator">
        <resetJUL>true</resetJUL>
    </contextListener>

    <jmxConfigurator/>
    <appender name = "console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            <pattern>logback: %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <loogger name = "org.springframework.web" level = "DEBUG"/>
        <root>
            <appender-ref ref = "console"/>
        </root>
    </appender>
</configuration>

将org.springframework.web包下的类的日志级别设置为DEBUG，我们开发Spring MVC经常出现和参数类型相关的4XX错误，设置此项可以获取更详细的错误信息。

3.Spring MVC配置

由于本项目没有涉及复杂的功能，仅是简单的页面显示，因此只涉及一个视图解析器。这里构造一个SpringMVC的配置类，

package com.carson.spring_mvc;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;

/**
 * Spring MVC 配置
 */
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.carson.spring_mvc")
public class MvcConfig {
    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/");//页面会自动编译到该目录下面
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        return viewResolver;
    }
}

可以该类只是把之前的配置文件转换成Java类，该类中的前缀设为"/WEB-INF/classes/views/"，这个路径是指页面运行时所在路径，一般页面代码会自动编译到"/WEB-INF/classes/views/"。

4.web配置

可以看出之前使用xml文件配置web时，内容主要是SpringMVC控制器dispacherservlet的注册、SpringMVC的配置文件的注册、映射位置的编写。而这些则通过一个Java类实现，如下所示：

package com.carson.spring_mvc;

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;


import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;

public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {//WebApplicationInitializer是Servlet3.0+配置的接口，从而实现了替代web.xml的位置。实现此接口将会自动被SpringServletContainerInitializer(用来启动Servlet3.0容器)获取到
    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        ctx.register(MvcConfig.class);//注册Spring MVC配置类
        ctx.setServletContext(servletContext);//和当前servletContext关联

        ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet =  servletContext.addServlet("diaspatcher",new DispatcherServlet(ctx));//注册Spring MVC的DispatcherServlet。
        servlet.addMapping("/");
        servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    }
}

WebApplicationInitializer是Spring提供用来配置Servlet3.0+配置的接口，从而实现替代web.xml的位置。实现此接口将会自动被SpringServletContainerInitializer(用来启动Servlet3.0容器)获取到。

5.页面编写

首先是index.jsp的编写

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
         pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
  <title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="hello">welcome</a>
<a href="reject">reject</a>
</body>
</html>

接着是hello.jsp和reject.jsp，这两个文件则放在/WEB-INF/jsp/(自行新建)下：

hello.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
         pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<div>
    <center>
        <body>
        hello,carson!welcome to this page!
        </body>
    </center>
</div>
<form action="hello.action"></form>
</html>

reject.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
         pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>sorry,you can't open this page</h1>
</body>
</html>

6.控制器开发

package com.carson.spring_mvc.web;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController
{

    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model)
    {
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello!Carson!welcome to this page.");
        return "hello";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/reject")
    public String reject()
    {
        System.out.println("sorry,you can't open this page");
        return "reject";
    }
}