Android 蓝牙权限怎么打开安卓10蓝牙权限

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mob64ca140651e5 2023-10-05 14:35:07

文章标签 Android 蓝牙权限怎么打开 android ide xml 文章分类 Android 移动开发

本系列笔记概述

蓝牙传输优势：功耗低，传输距离还可以；
蓝牙聊天室案例
Android中蓝牙设备的使用

蓝牙权限（本文的讲解内容之一）
蓝牙功能开启（本文的讲解内容之一）
搜索蓝牙设备（本文的讲解内容之一）
与外设搭建RFCOMM通道（射频通道）
蓝牙设备双向数据传输

蓝牙聊天室案例框架

蓝牙权限

执行蓝牙通信需要权限BLUETOOTH，
例如：请求连接、接收连接和传输数据等；
如果需要启动设备或操作蓝牙设置，则需声明BLUETOOTH_ADMIN权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>

设置蓝牙——获取BlueAdapter

使用蓝牙需用到BlueAdapter。表示设备自身的蓝牙适配器；
通过静态方法BlueAdapter.getDefaultAdapter()获得BlueAdapter；
整个系统只有一个蓝牙适配器，application可使用此BlueAdapter对象与之交互；
如果getDefaultAdapter()返回null，则表示该设备不支持蓝牙，
例如：

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if(mBluetoothAdapter == null){
            //Device does not support Bluetooth
        }

启用蓝牙

调用isEnable()以检查当前是否已启用蓝牙；
如果此方法返回false，则表示蓝牙处于停用状态；
要请求启用蓝牙，将通过ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE向系统设置
发出启用蓝牙的请求（无需停止应用），
例如：

...
    private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 10;//其是需要自己定义的局部常量。
...

        if(mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){
            Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
        }

demo（查看本机是否支持蓝牙，蓝牙是否开启，没开启则请求）：

新建一个项目，添加好如上述两个权限，编写MainActivity.java：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    private static final String TAG = "BluetoothChat";
    private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 10;//其是需要自己定义的局部常量。
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if(mBluetoothAdapter == null){
            //Device does not support Bluetooth
            Log.e(TAG, "Device does not support Bluetooth");
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(this,"设备支持蓝牙！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();

        if(!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){
            //向系统请求开启蓝牙
            Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);//结果返回回调到onActivityResult()
        }else {
            //已经开启了蓝牙
            Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙已经开启",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if(requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT){
            Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙已经开启",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

查找设备——查找配对过的设备

getBondedDevices():返回已配对设备的一组BluetoothDevice

Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
                //If threre are paired devices
                if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
                    //Loop through paired devices
                    for(BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices){
                        //Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView
                        mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
                    }
                }

查找设备——发现设备

发现设备：startDiscovery() 该进程为异步进程，
该方法会立即返回一个布尔值，指示是否已成功启动发现操作；
发现进程通常包含约12秒钟的查询扫描

广播接收：

//广播接收
    private BroadcastReceiver mBluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();//获取action
            Log.d(TAG, "ACTION：" + action);
            if(action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)){
                //如果扫描时发现蓝牙设备，取到发现的设备
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);           
            }else if(action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)){
                //如果扫描完毕                
            }
        }
    };

广播过滤、注册、注销：

...
        //为广播接收器注册过滤器
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        registerReceiver(mBluetoothReceiver,filter);
...
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(mBluetoothReceiver);
    }

demo（查找已配对蓝牙，log打印出来）：

续上，修改activity_main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_paired_device"
        android:text="已配对设备"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_scan"
        android:text="扫描附近蓝牙设备"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    
</LinearLayout>

接着修改MainActivity.java:
实例化、绑定：

...
//scan paired
    private Button mScanButton;
    private  Button mPairedDeviceButton;
...
        //scan paired
        mPairedDeviceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bt_paired_device);
        mScanButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bt_scan);
...

添加onClick：

mPairedDeviceButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //paired 配对的
                Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
                //If threre are paired devices
//                if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
                    //Loop through paired devices
                    for(BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices){
                        //You add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView at this
                        Log.d(TAG, "Device name  " + device.getName());//打印匹配过的蓝牙设备的name
                        Log.d(TAG, "Device addr  " + device.getAddress());
                    }
//                }
            }
        });
        mScanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if(mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){//如果正在扫描，令之停止扫描，重新开始扫描
                    mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
                }
                mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//异步函数
            }
        });

运行之后点击“已配对设备”按钮，显示已配对蓝牙设备的信息：

此时java：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    private static final String TAG = "BluetoothChat";
    private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 10;//其是需要自己定义的局部常量。
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

    //scan paired
    private Button mScanButton;
    private  Button mPairedDeviceButton;

    //广播接收

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //scan paired
        mPairedDeviceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bt_paired_device);
        mScanButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bt_scan);
        mPairedDeviceButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //paired 配对的
                Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
                //If threre are paired devices
//                if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
                    //Loop through paired devices
                    for(BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices){
                        //Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView
                        Log.d(TAG, "Device name  " + device.getName());//打印匹配过的蓝牙设备的name
                        Log.d(TAG, "Device addr  " + device.getAddress());
                    }
//                }
            }
        });
        mScanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if(mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){//如果正在扫描，令之停止扫描，重新开始扫描
                    mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
                }
                mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//异步函数
            }
        });

        mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if(mBluetoothAdapter == null){
            //Device does not support Bluetooth
            Log.e(TAG, "Device does not support Bluetooth");
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(this,"设备支持蓝牙！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }


    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
...
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
...
        }
    }
}

demo（续上，监测`扫描发现设备时`、`扫描完毕时`两个状态，做对应处理）：

点击“扫描附近蓝牙设备”按钮时，开始一轮新的扫描：

mScanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if(mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){//如果正在扫描，令之停止扫描，重新开始扫描
                    mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
                }
                mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//异步函数
            }
        });

注册广播接收器，
监测扫描发现设备时、扫描完毕时两个状态，
然后做对应处理：

//广播接收
    private BroadcastReceiver mBluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();//获取action
            Log.d(TAG, "ACTION：" + action);
            if(action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)){
                //如果扫描时发现蓝牙设备，取到发现的设备
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                Log.d(TAG, "new Device name  " + device.getName());//打印匹配过的蓝牙设备的name
                Log.d(TAG, "new Device addr  " + device.getAddress());
            }else if(action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)){
                //如果扫描完毕
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Discovery done！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                Log.d(TAG, "Discovery done！");
            }
        }
    };

在onCreate()末尾注册intent过滤器：

//为广播接收器注册过滤器
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        registerReceiver(mBluetoothReceiver,filter);

在onDestroy()中注销：

@Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(mBluetoothReceiver);
    }

运行效果如图，没有发现新设备，在扫描完毕后打印出对应的Log：
此时java：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    private static final String TAG = "BluetoothChat";
    private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 10;//其是需要自己定义的局部常量。
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

    //scan paired
    private Button mScanButton;
    private  Button mPairedDeviceButton;

    //广播接收
    private BroadcastReceiver mBluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();//获取action
            Log.d(TAG, "ACTION：" + action);
            if(action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)){
                //如果扫描时发现蓝牙设备，取到发现的设备
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                Log.d(TAG, "new Device name  " + device.getName());//打印匹配过的蓝牙设备的name
                Log.d(TAG, "new Device addr  " + device.getAddress());
            }else if(action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)){
                //如果扫描完毕
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"Discovery done！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                Log.d(TAG, "Discovery done！");
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //scan paired
        mPairedDeviceButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bt_paired_device);
        mScanButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bt_scan);
        mPairedDeviceButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //paired 配对的
                Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
                //If threre are paired devices
//                if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
                    //Loop through paired devices
                    for(BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices){
                        //Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView
                        Log.d(TAG, "Device name  " + device.getName());//打印匹配过的蓝牙设备的name
                        Log.d(TAG, "Device addr  " + device.getAddress());
                    }
//                }
            }
        });
        mScanButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if(mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){//如果正在扫描，令之停止扫描，重新开始扫描
                    mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
                }
                mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//异步函数
            }
        });

        mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if(mBluetoothAdapter == null){
            //Device does not support Bluetooth
            Log.e(TAG, "Device does not support Bluetooth");
        }else {
            Toast.makeText(this,"设备支持蓝牙！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        //为广播接收器注册过滤器
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        registerReceiver(mBluetoothReceiver,filter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();

        if(!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){
            //向系统请求开启蓝牙
            Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);//结果返回回调到onActivityResult()
        }else {
            //已经开启了蓝牙
            Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙已经开启",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if(requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT){
            Toast.makeText(this,"蓝牙已经开启",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(mBluetoothReceiver);
    }
}

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