requests模块

        在Python内置模块（urllib、urllib2、httplib）的基础上进行了高度的封装，从而使得Pythoner更好的进行http请求，使用Requests可以轻而易举的完成浏览器可有的任何操作。Requests 是使用 Apache2 Licensed 许可证的 基于Python开发的HTTP 库。


requests使用

一、GET请求

向 https://github.com/timeline.json 发送一个GET请求，将请求和响应相关均封装在 ret 对象中。

1、无参数实例



import         requests        


                   


         ret          =         requests.get(         '                  https://github.com/timeline.json'         )        


                   


         print         ret.url        


         print         ret.text




2、有参数实例



import         requests        


                   


         payload          =         {         'key1'         :          'value1'         ,          'key2'         :          'value2'         }        


         ret          =         requests.get(         "                  http://httpbin.org/get"         , params         =         payload)        


                   


         print         ret.url        


         print         ret.text



二、POST请求

向https://api.github.com/some/endpoint发送一个POST请求，将请求和相应相关的内容封装在 ret 对象中。

1、基本POST实例



import         requests        


                   


         payload          =         {         'key1'         :          'value1'         ,          'key2'         :          'value2'         }        


         ret          =         requests.post(         "                  http://httpbin.org/post"         , data         =         payload)        


                   


         print         ret.text



2、发送请求头和数据实例 




import         requests        


         import         json        


                   


         url          =         '                  https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'        


         payload          =         {         'some'         :          'data'         }        


         headers          =         {         'content-type'         :          'application/json'         }        


                   


         ret          =         requests.post(url, data         =         json.dumps(payload), headers         =         headers)        


                   


         print         ret.text        


         print         ret.cookies




3、其他请求 



requests.get(url, params         =         None         ,          *         *         kwargs)        


         requests.post(url, data         =         None         , json         =         None         ,          *         *         kwargs)        


         requests.put(url, data         =         None         ,          *         *         kwargs)        


         requests.head(url,          *         *         kwargs)        


         requests.delete(url,          *         *         kwargs)        


         requests.patch(url, data         =         None         ,          *         *         kwargs)        


         requests.options(url,          *         *         kwargs)        


                   


         # 以上方法均是在此方法的基础上构建        


         requests.request(method, url,          *         *         kwargs)





更多参数



def         request(method, url,          *         *         kwargs):        


                  """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.        


 


                  :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.        


                  :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.        


                  :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`.        


                  :param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.        


                  :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.        


                  :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.        


                  :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.        


                  :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': ('filename', fileobj)}``) for multipart encoding upload.        


                  :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.        


                  :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data        


                  before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read        


                  timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.        


                  :type timeout: float or tuple        


                  :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed.        


                  :type allow_redirects: bool        


                  :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.        


                  :param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``.        


                  :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.        


                  :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.        


                  :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object        


                  :rtype: requests.Response        


 


                  Usage::        


 


                  >>> import requests        


                  >>> req = requests.request('GET', '                  http://httpbin.org/get')        


                  <Response [200]>        


                  """        


 


                  # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we        


                  # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some        


                  # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.        


                  with sessions.Session() as session:        


                  return         session.request(method         =         method, url         =         url,          *         *         kwargs)




更多详细资料

更多requests模块相关的文档见：http://cn.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/