Centos7搭建FTP，支持浏览器直接访问服务器资源文件

  • 安装配置
  • 安装
  • 匿名哟灵活-不能删除修改
  • vsftpd.conf
  • 目录权限
  • 防火墙策略
  • 被动模式
  • 虚拟用户-可删除修改
  • 日志
  • 试验
  • 其他
  • 用户类型
  • 被动与主动模式
  • 默认目录：/var/ftp
  • umask、local_umask
  • 常用命令
  • 报错
  • 1.centos7 550 create directory operation failed
  • 2.Job for vsftpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status vsftpd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
  • 情况1：unrecognised variable in config file: nonymous_enable
  • 情况2：can only support ipv4 and ipv6 currently
  • 3.开启了匿名模式，但访问一直提示输入用户及密码
  • 情况1 原因参数不对造成，报错配置
  • 情况2 把根目录/var/ftp权限不对
  • 文件夹登录上传 部分文件名乱码问题
  • 4.开防火墙后，客户端连接超时ERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT
  • 默认配置


安装配置

安装

xshell连接服务器，下载安装vsftpd

[root@VM_5_17_centos ~]# yum -y install vsftpd

匿名哟灵活-不能删除修改

vsftpd.conf
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=YES
# 若配置成000，则权限drwxr-xr-x -> drwxrwxrwx，匿名模式关系不大
anon_umask=022
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
# 修改、删除权限
anon_other_write_enable=NO
# 匿名、虚拟的目录 
anon_root=/data/vsftpd/root/anon

local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
xferlog_std_format=YES
listen=NO
listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
目录权限

根目录755，下面的数据data目录777权限

chmod -R 755 /data/vsftpd/root/anon
[root@VM_5_17_centos anon]# mkdir /data/vsftpd/root/anon/data
[root@VM_5_17_centos anon]# chmod -R 777 /data/vsftpd/root/anon/data

根目录只能下载，但/data/vsftpd/root/anon/data可以上传、修改下载；

防火墙策略
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=20/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=21/tcp --permanent
被动模式

默认的主动模式，开了防火墙后还是不行，所有尝试被动模式

# 配置文件添加
port_enable=NO
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=65100
pasv_max_port=65200
// 开放端口号，再重启防火墙、vsftpd
[root@VM_5_17_centos anon]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=65100-65200/tcp --permanent
[root@VM_5_17_centos anon]# firewall-cmd --reload
[root@VM_5_17_centos anon]# firewall-cmd --list-ports
20/tcp 21/tcp 65100-65200/tcp
[root@VM_5_17_centos anon]# systemctl stop vsftpd
[root@VM_5_17_centos anon]# systemctl start vsftpd

虚拟用户-可删除修改

配置文件添加

# 虚拟用户
chroot_local_user=YES
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
guest_enable=YES
guest_username=vsftpd
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/userconf
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
# 虚拟用户删除、修改权限
chmod_enable=YES
virtual_use_local_privs=YES

其他修改

[root@VM_5_17_centos /]# useradd vsftpd -d /data/vsftpd/root/ -s /bin/false
[root@VM_5_17_centos /]# vi /etc/vsftpd/loginusers.conf

vsftpd1
123456

[root@VM_5_17_centos userconf]# db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/loginusers.conf /etc/vsftpd/loginusers.db
[root@VM_5_17_centos userconf]# chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/loginusers.db
[root@VM_5_17_centos /]# vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd

#%PAM-1.0
#session    optional     pam_keyinit.so    force revoke
#auth       required    pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers onerr=succeed
#auth       required    pam_shells.so
#auth       include     password-auth
#account    include     password-auth
#session    required     pam_loginuid.so
#session    include     password-auth

auth       sufficient   /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/loginusers
account    sufficient   /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/loginusers

[root@VM_5_17_centos /]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/userconf
[root@VM_5_17_centos /]# vi /etc/vsftpd/userconf/vsftpd1

local_root=/data/vsftpd/root/anon
write_enable=YES

重启

systemctl restart vsftpd

日志

# 日志
use_localtime=YES
dual_log_enable=YES
vsftpd_log_file=/data/vsftpd/log/vsftpd.log
## 上传下载日志
xferlog_enable=YES
xferlog_std_format=YES
xferlog_file=/data/vsftpd/log/xferlog

试验

文件夹中分别用ftp://ip/、ftp://vsftpd1:123456@ip/登录
最终用户名登录的可以删除、修改文件夹

其他

用户类型

  • 匿名用户。名为anonymous
  • 本地用户
  • 虚拟用户。安全，FTP服务器的专有用户，只能访问FTP服务器所提供的资源

被动与主动模式

  • PORT主动。客户端向服务端连接后，客户端在本地打开了一个端口在等着服务器连接，数据连接通了。要开启21和20端口。
  • PASV被动。客户端向服务端连接后，服务端在本地打开了一个端口在等着客户端连接，数据连接通了。要开启21端口和数据端口范围。
# 开启被动模式
port_enable=NO
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=6000
pasv_max_port=6100
// 防火墙策略
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=6000-6100/tcp --permanent

应该默认的是主动模式

默认目录：/var/ftp

umask、local_umask

  • umask=022。文件夹777-022=755,文件的话，则是用 666-022=644.
  • umask=077。新建的目录 权限是700，文件的权限时 600
  • 默认情况下vsftp上传之后文件的权限是600，目录权限是700。本地用户local_umask，虚拟用户anon_umask

常用命令

systemctl restart/start/stop vsftpd
systemctl status vsftpd -l
# 修改配置文件
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

local_root=/var/www/html
chroot_local_user=YES
anon_root=/var/www/html

注：local_root 针对系统用户；anon_root 针对匿名用户。

重新启动服务：

service vsftpd restart
任何一个用户ftp登录到这个服务器上都会chroot到/var/www/html目录下。

报错

1.centos7 550 create directory operation failed

vim /etc/selinux/config

# 关闭SELINUX
SELINUX=disabled
// 给目录赋予权限
chmod -R 777 目录

2.Job for vsftpd.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See “systemctl status vsftpd.service” and “journalctl -xe” for details.

原因比较多，systemctl status vsftpd -l查看详细

情况1：unrecognised variable in config file: nonymous_enable
[root@VM_5_17_centos network-scripts]# systemctl status vsftpd -l
● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2019-09-24 09:53:07 CST; 6s ago
  Process: 26014 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf (code=exited, status=2)
 Main PID: 2535 (code=killed, signal=TERM)

Sep 24 09:53:07 VM_5_17_centos systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...
Sep 24 09:53:07 VM_5_17_centos systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=2
Sep 24 09:53:07 VM_5_17_centos vsftpd[26014]: 500 OOPS: unrecognised variable in config file: nonymous_enable
Sep 24 09:53:07 VM_5_17_centos systemd[1]: Failed to start Vsftpd ftp daemon.
Sep 24 09:53:07 VM_5_17_centos systemd[1]: Unit vsftpd.service entered failed state.
Sep 24 09:53:07 VM_5_17_centos systemd[1]: vsftpd.service failed.

nonymous_enable无法识别，应该为anonymous_enable；

情况2：can only support ipv4 and ipv6 currently
[root@VM_5_17_centos network-scripts]# systemctl status vsftpd -l
...
Sep 24 09:53:56 VM_5_17_centos vsftpd[26102]: 500 OOPS: can only support ipv4 and ipv6 currently
...

listen=、listen_ipv6需要有一个参数为YES

3.开启了匿名模式，但访问一直提示输入用户及密码

情况1 原因参数不对造成，报错配置
anonymous_enable=YES
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
xferlog_std_format=YES
listen=NO
listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

多加了anon_umask=022就成功了

# 多加了下面参数
anon_umask=022
# anon_upload_enable=YES
# anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
# anon_other_write_enable=YES

# 设置匿名目录后也不成功
# anon_root=/data1/vsftpd/root/annon
情况2 把根目录/var/ftp权限不对

用chmod命令将数据根目录权限改为755

文件夹登录上传 部分文件名乱码问题

用xftp上传没问题

// 下面行不通，仅做记录
[root@VM_5_17_centos data]# yum -y groupinstall chinese-support
[root@VM_5_17_centos data]# echo $LANG
[root@VM_5_17_centos data]# vim /etc/locale.conf

LANG=zh_CN.utf8
# LANG=en_US.utf8
# LANG="zh_CN.GB18030" 
# LANGUAGE="zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN.GB2312:zh_CN" 
# SUPPORTED="zh_CN.UTF-8:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en" 
# SYSFONT="lat0-sun16"

[root@VM_5_17_centos data]# vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n

LANG="zh_CN.utf8"
LC_ALL="zh_CN.utf8"

4.开防火墙后，客户端连接超时ERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT

默认配置

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES