kubesphere HA集群 kubernetes集群安装

目录

1、K8s是什么

2、架构

1、工作方式

2、组件架构

1、控制平面组件（Control Plane Components）

2、Node 组件

3、形象化理解各组件的意义

3、kubeadm创建集群

1、centos下安装docker

1、移除以前docker相关包

2、配置yum源

3、安装docker

4、启动

5、配置加速

6、查看阿里云的镜像加速器

1、安装kubeadm

0.机器准备

1、基础环境

2、安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

2、使用kubeadm引导集群

1、下载各个机器需要的镜像

2、初始化主节点

3、根据提示继续

4、加入node节点

5、验证集群

6、部署dashboard

自动化安装集群(适用于PROD)

---

1、K8s是什么

kubernetes具有以下特性：

• 服务发现和负载均衡
  Kubernetes 可以使用 DNS 名称或自己的 IP 地址公开容器，如果进入容器的流量很大， Kubernetes 可以负载均衡并分配网络流量，从而使部署稳定。
• 存储编排
  Kubernetes 允许你自动挂载你选择的存储系统，例如本地存储、公共云提供商等。
• 自动部署和回滚
  你可以使用 Kubernetes 描述已部署容器的所需状态，它可以以受控的速率将实际状态 更改为期望状态。例如，你可以自动化 Kubernetes 来为你的部署创建新容器， 删除现有容器并将它们的所有资源用于新容器。
• 自动完成装箱计算
  Kubernetes 允许你指定每个容器所需 CPU 和内存（RAM）。 当容器指定了资源请求时，Kubernetes 可以做出更好的决策来管理容器的资源。
• 自我修复
  Kubernetes 重新启动失败的容器、替换容器、杀死不响应用户定义的 运行状况检查的容器，并且在准备好服务之前不将其通告给客户端。
• 密钥与配置管理
  Kubernetes 允许你存储和管理敏感信息，例如密码、OAuth 令牌和 ssh 密钥。 你可以在不重建容器镜像的情况下部署和更新密钥和应用程序配置，也无需在堆栈配置中暴露密钥。

Kubernetes 为你提供了一个可弹性运行分布式系统的框架。 Kubernetes 会满足你的扩展要求、故障转移、部署模式等。 例如，Kubernetes 可以轻松管理系统的 Canary 部署。

2、架构

1、工作方式

Kubernetes Cluster = N Master Node + N Worker Node：N主节点+N工作节点； N>=1

2、组件架构

1、控制平面组件（Control Plane Components）

控制平面的组件对集群做出全局决策(比如调度)，以及检测和响应集群事件（例如，当不满足部署的 replicas 字段时，启动新的 pod）。

控制平面组件可以在集群中的任何节点上运行。 然而，为了简单起见，设置脚本通常会在同一个计算机上启动所有控制平面组件， 并且不会在此计算机上运行用户容器。 请参阅使用 kubeadm 构建高可用性集群 中关于多 VM 控制平面设置的示例。

kube-apiserver

API 服务器是 Kubernetes 控制面的组件， 该组件公开了 Kubernetes API。 API 服务器是 Kubernetes 控制面的前端。

Kubernetes API 服务器的主要实现是 kube-apiserver。 kube-apiserver 设计上考虑了水平伸缩，也就是说，它可通过部署多个实例进行伸缩。 你可以运行 kube-apiserver 的多个实例，并在这些实例之间平衡流量。

etcd

etcd 是兼具一致性和高可用性的键值数据库，可以作为保存 Kubernetes 所有集群数据的后台数据库。

您的 Kubernetes 集群的 etcd 数据库通常需要有个备份计划。

要了解 etcd 更深层次的信息，请参考 etcd 文档。

kube-scheduler

控制平面组件，负责监视新创建的、未指定运行节点（node）的 Pods，选择节点让 Pod 在上面运行。

调度决策考虑的因素包括单个 Pod 和 Pod 集合的资源需求、硬件/软件/策略约束、亲和性和反亲和性规范、数据位置、工作负载间的干扰和最后时限。

kube-controller-manager

在主节点上运行 控制器 的组件。

从逻辑上讲，每个控制器都是一个单独的进程， 但是为了降低复杂性，它们都被编译到同一个可执行文件，并在一个进程中运行。

这些控制器包括:

• 节点控制器（Node Controller）: 负责在节点出现故障时进行通知和响应
• 任务控制器（Job controller）: 监测代表一次性任务的 Job 对象，然后创建 Pods 来运行这些任务直至完成
• 端点控制器（Endpoints Controller）: 填充端点(Endpoints)对象(即加入 Service 与 Pod)
• 服务帐户和令牌控制器（Service Account & Token Controllers）: 为新的命名空间创建默认帐户和 API 访问令牌

cloud-controller-manager

云控制器管理器是指嵌入特定云的控制逻辑的 控制平面组件。 云控制器管理器允许您链接集群到云提供商的应用编程接口中， 并把和该云平台交互的组件与只和您的集群交互的组件分离开。

cloud-controller-manager 仅运行特定于云平台的控制回路。 如果你在自己的环境中运行 Kubernetes，或者在本地计算机中运行学习环境， 所部署的环境中不需要云控制器管理器。

与 kube-controller-manager 类似，cloud-controller-manager 将若干逻辑上独立的 控制回路组合到同一个可执行文件中，供你以同一进程的方式运行。 你可以对其执行水平扩容（运行不止一个副本）以提升性能或者增强容错能力。

下面的控制器都包含对云平台驱动的依赖：

• 节点控制器（Node Controller）: 用于在节点终止响应后检查云提供商以确定节点是否已被删除
• 路由控制器（Route Controller）: 用于在底层云基础架构中设置路由
• 服务控制器（Service Controller）: 用于创建、更新和删除云提供商负载均衡器

2、Node 组件

节点组件在每个节点上运行，维护运行的 Pod 并提供 Kubernetes 运行环境。

kubelet

一个在集群中每个节点（node）上运行的代理。 它保证容器（containers）都 运行在 Pod 中。

kubelet 接收一组通过各类机制提供给它的 PodSpecs，确保这些 PodSpecs 中描述的容器处于运行状态且健康。 kubelet 不会管理不是由 Kubernetes 创建的容器。

kube-proxy

kube-proxy 是集群中每个节点上运行的网络代理， 实现 Kubernetes 服务（Service） 概念的一部分。

kube-proxy 维护节点上的网络规则。这些网络规则允许从集群内部或外部的网络会话与 Pod 进行网络通信。

如果操作系统提供了数据包过滤层并可用的话，kube-proxy 会通过它来实现网络规则。否则， kube-proxy 仅转发流量本身。

3、形象化理解各组件的意义

3、kubeadm创建集群

请参照以前Docker安装。先提前为所有机器安装Docker

安装方式

• 二进制方式（建议生产环境使用）
• MiniKube.....
• kubeadm引导方式（官方推荐）

• GA

我们使用kubeadm的方式引导安装集群。

大致流程

• 准备N台服务器，内网互通，
• 安装Docker容器化环境【k8s放弃dockershim】
• 安装Kubernetes

• 三台机器安装核心组件（kubeadm(创建集群的引导工具), kubelet，kubectl（程序员用的命令行） ）
• kubelet可以直接通过容器化的方式创建出之前的核心组件（api-server）【官方把核心组件做成镜像】
• 由kubeadm引导创建集群

1、centos下安装docker

1、移除以前docker相关包

sudo yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

2、配置yum源

sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

3、安装docker

安装指定版本

#以下是在安装k8s的时候使用 yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7 containerd.io-1.4.6

• docker-ce-20.10.7 --docker服务端
• docker-ce-cli-20.10.7 -- docker客户端，用于执行docker命令
• containerd.io-1.4.6   --依赖库

4、启动

systemctl enable docker --now

设定开机启动，并立即启动

5、配置加速

这里额外添加了docker的生产环境核心配置cgroup，/etc/docker/daemon.json中的 registry-mirrors 阿里云会给每个用户分配一个唯一的加速器，查看方法请看第六点。

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://****.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

6、查看阿里云的镜像加速器

/etc/docker/daemon.json中的 registry-mirrors 阿里云会给每个用户分配一个唯一的加速器，查看方法如下。

1、安装kubeadm

• 一台兼容的 Linux 主机。Kubernetes 项目为基于 Debian 和 Red Hat 的 Linux 发行版以及一些不提供包管理器的发行版提供通用的指令
• 每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM （如果少于这个数字将会影响你应用的运行内存)
• 2 CPU 核或更多(否则会报错)
• 集群中的所有机器的网络彼此均能相互连接(公网和内网都可以)

• 设置防火墙放行规则

• 节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。

• 设置不同hostname

• 开启机器上的某些端口。请参见这里 了解更多详细信息。

• 内网互信

• 禁用交换分区。为了保证 kubelet 正常工作，你 必须 禁用交换分区。

• 永久关闭

0.机器准备

vagrant 拉起三个2c2g 虚拟机。

1、基础环境

所有机器执行以下操作

#各个机器设置自己的域名
hostnamectl set-hostname xxxx


# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）
sudo setenforce 0 #临时生效
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config #永久生效

#关闭swap
swapoff -a  #临时生效
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久生效

#允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
#使以上配置生效
sudo sysctl --system

2、安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
   http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF


sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 --disableexcludes=kubernetes

sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

kubelet 现在每隔几秒就会重启，因为它陷入了一个等待 kubeadm 指令的死循环

2、使用kubeadm引导集群

1、下载各个机器需要的镜像

sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
kube-proxy:v1.20.9
kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
coredns:1.7.0
etcd:3.4.13-0
pause:3.2
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
done
EOF
   
chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh

2、初始化主节点

#所有机器添加master域名映射，以下需要修改为自己的
echo "172.31.0.4  cluster-endpoint" >> /etc/hosts



#主节点上执行初始化
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.10 \
--control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=172.31.0.0/16

#所有网络范围不重叠

#初始化结果

[root@hadoop100 ~]#kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.10 --control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint --image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images --kubernetes-version v1.20.9 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=172.31.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.20.9
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING Firewalld]: firewalld is active, please ensure ports [6443 10250] are open or your cluster may not function correctly
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.7. Latest validated version: 19.03
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [cluster-endpoint hadoop100 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.56.10]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [hadoop100 localhost] and IPs [192.168.56.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [hadoop100 localhost] and IPs [192.168.56.10 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 14.004310 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.20" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node hadoop100 as control-plane by adding the labels "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" and "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane='' (deprecated)"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node hadoop100 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: 4xeuyq.rewmrveaf9euy35g
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:

  kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 4xeuyq.rewmrveaf9euy35g \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bd393cfa9b859330e0675527add0dbbc1bce6b733d455a9650620d94453e47e8 \
    --control-plane

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 4xeuyq.rewmrveaf9euy35g \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bd393cfa9b859330e0675527add0dbbc1bce6b733d455a9650620d94453e47e8

往集群中加入master 和 node按照上文中的方法加入。 

#查看集群所有节点
kubectl get nodes

#根据配置文件，给集群创建资源
kubectl apply -f xxxx.yaml

#查看集群部署了哪些应用？
docker ps   ===   kubectl get pods -A
# 运行中的应用在docker里面叫容器，在k8s里面叫Pod
kubectl get pods -A

kubectl get pods -A -w 实时监控pod运行状态 

3、根据提示继续

master成功后提示如下：

1、设置.kube/config

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

2、安装网络组件

calico官网

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -O

将calico.yaml中的 
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
  value: "172.31.0.0/16"
将此IP修改为--pod-network-cidr对应的cidr.

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

4、加入node节点

在node节点上执行

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 4xeuyq.rewmrveaf9euy35g \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bd393cfa9b859330e0675527add0dbbc1bce6b733d455a9650620d94453e47e8g

该秘钥24小时候时效。如果时效用如下命令创建新令牌

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

node加入成功如下。

[root@hadoop101 ~]# kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 4xeuyq.rewmrveaf9euy35g     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bd393cfa9b859330e0675527add0dbbc1bce6b733d455a9650620d94453e47e8
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.7. Latest validated version: 19.03
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

高可用部署方式，也是在这一步的时候，使用添加主节点的命令即可

主节点是control-plane. 

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 4xeuyq.rewmrveaf9euy35g \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bd393cfa9b859330e0675527add0dbbc1bce6b733d455a9650620d94453e47e8 \
    --control-plane

5、验证集群

• 验证集群节点状态
• kubectl get nodes

需要等pods 的镜像拉去完之后，node才会ready。 

6、部署dashboard

1、部署

kubernetes官方提供的可视化界面

GitHub - kubernetes/dashboard: General-purpose web UI for Kubernetes clusters

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

如果网络不通，直接将此文件copy一份，使用 kubectl apply -f k8s-dash.yaml，运行即可

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.3.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

2、设置访问端口

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

type: ClusterIP 改为 type: NodePort

为何要改呢？

kubectl get svc -A |grep kubernetes-dashboard ## 找到端口，在安全组放行(如果是云服务器才需要开放端口)

访问： https://集群任意IP:端口 https://139.198.165.238:32759

创建账号 

3、创建访问账号

#创建访问账号，准备一个yaml文件； vi dash.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl apply -f dash.yaml

[root@hadoop100 ~]#kubectl apply -f dash.yaml
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created

4、令牌访问

#获取访问令牌
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"

生成的令牌

eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IkdvaXk4QnM5UE1Gb0wxaUpHeEhpQUlvZV8tc09MbEhSaFU4UWZwdjNQbVEifQ.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.J4Pr4YsPOadz0AUpaoELKNfeHvYwWFIiD1cMgbkR-AL6uHNbjXXD69ZNYgy7gWdHY5QQBNvXYhJc4t7EKUi1rDsEfWA_OivsLMuIWV_hfERv6vGY78ZnijW68z-fc7hzGkhwe-fUrnXCmieTxPdw945_jb7HmRLUIQt3baZvYY88XoHOUvOz0r_T_2PEAnKsoKzdpPTcIrtaOggFENstkoAe7dX5gXXFFO_EfM15UYXiXADFLqIBLllBGd2ECKAsOR3f_ViT2_Q8VViWwCld5zqKcG0GtOYIibIwYSTUPYwhdQidd9dUPlwuOPnXoK_26TUGPnR8fwPEeul3qPAZMw

保存好这个令牌，session掉了之后还需要这个令牌登录。

5、界面

自动化安装集群(适用于PROD)

GitHub - kubernetes-sigs/kubespray: Deploy a Production Ready Kubernetes Cluster

https://github.com/gjmzj/kubeasz