Windows 2000/XP和2003等支持一种叫做"服务程序"的东西.程序作为服务启动有以下几个好处:
(1)不用登陆进系统即可运行.
(2)具有SYSTEM特权.所以你在进程管理器里面是无法结束它的.
笔者在2003年为一公司开发机顶盒项目的时候,曾经写过课件上传和媒体服务,下面就介绍一下如何用Delphi7创建一个Service程序.
运行Delphi7,选择菜单File-->New-->Other--->Service Application.将生成一个服务程序的框架.将工程保存为ServiceDemo.dpr和Unit_Main.pas,然后回到主框架.我们注意到,Service有几个属性.其中以下几个是我们比较常用的:
(1)DisplayName:服务的显示名称
(2)Name:服务名称.
我们在这里将DisplayName的值改为"Delphi服务演示程序",Name改为"DelphiService".编译这个项目,将得到ServiceDemo.exe.这已经是一个服务程序了!进入CMD模式,切换致工程所在目录,运行命令"ServiceDemo.exe /install",将提示服务安装成功!然后"net start DelphiService"将启动这个服务.进入控制面版-->管理工具-->服务,将显示这个服务和当前状态.不过这个服务现在什么也干不了,因为我们还没有写代码:)先"net stop DelphiService"停止再"ServiceDemo.exe /uninstall"删除这个服务.回到Delphi7的IDE.
我们的计划是为这个服务添加一个主窗口,运行后任务栏显示程序的图标,双击图标将显示主窗口,上面有一个按钮,点击该按钮将实现Ctrl+Alt+Del功能.
实际上,服务程序莫认是工作于Winlogon桌面的,可以打开控制面板,查看我们刚才那个服务的属性-->登陆,其中"允许服务与桌面交互"是不打钩的.怎么办?呵呵,回到IDE,注意那个布尔属性:Interactive,当这个属性为True的时候,该服务程序就可以与桌面交互了.
File-->New-->Form为服务添加窗口FrmMain,单元保存为Unit_FrmMain,并且把这个窗口设置为手工创建.完成后的代码如下:
unit Unit_Main;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, SvcMgr, Dialogs, Unit_FrmMain;
type
TDelphiService = class(TService)
procedure ServiceContinue(Sender: TService; var Continued: Boolean);
procedure ServiceExecute(Sender: TService);
procedure ServicePause(Sender: TService; var Paused: Boolean);
procedure ServiceShutdown(Sender: TService);
procedure ServiceStart(Sender: TService; var Started: Boolean);
procedure ServiceStop(Sender: TService; var Stopped: Boolean);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
function GetServiceController: TServiceController; override;
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
DelphiService: TDelphiService;
FrmMain: TFrmMain;
implementation
{$R *.DFM}
procedure ServiceController(CtrlCode: DWord); stdcall;
begin
DelphiService.Controller(CtrlCode);
end;
function TDelphiService.GetServiceController: TServiceController;
begin
Result := ServiceController;
end;
procedure TDelphiService.ServiceContinue(Sender: TService;
var Continued: Boolean);
begin
while not Terminated do
begin
Sleep(10);
ServiceThread.ProcessRequests(False);
end;
end;
procedure TDelphiService.ServiceExecute(Sender: TService);
begin
while not Terminated do
begin
Sleep(10);
ServiceThread.ProcessRequests(False);
end;
end;
procedure TDelphiService.ServicePause(Sender: TService;
var Paused: Boolean);
begin
Paused := True;
end;
procedure TDelphiService.ServiceShutdown(Sender: TService);
begin
gbCanClose := true;
FrmMain.Free;
Status := csStopped;
ReportStatus();
end;
procedure TDelphiService.ServiceStart(Sender: TService;
var Started: Boolean);
begin
Started := True;
Svcmgr.Application.CreateForm(TFrmMain, FrmMain);
gbCanClose := False;
FrmMain.Hide;
end;
procedure TDelphiService.ServiceStop(Sender: TService;
var Stopped: Boolean);
begin
Stopped := True;
gbCanClose := True;
FrmMain.Free;
end;
end.
主窗口单元如下:
unit Unit_FrmMain;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, ShellApi, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls;
const
WM_TrayIcon = WM_USER + 1234;
type
TFrmMain = class(TForm)
Timer1: TTimer;
Button1: TButton;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormCloseQuery(Sender: TObject; var CanClose: Boolean);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
procedure Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
IconData: TNotifyIconData;
procedure AddIconToTray;
procedure DelIconFromTray;
procedure TrayIconMessage(var Msg: TMessage); message WM_TrayIcon;
procedure SysButtonMsg(var Msg: TMessage); message WM_SYSCOMMAND;
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
FrmMain: TFrmMain;
gbCanClose: Boolean;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TFrmMain.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
FormStyle := fsStayOnTop; {窗口最前}
SetWindowLong(Application.Handle, GWL_EXSTYLE, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW); {不在任务栏显示}
gbCanClose := False;
Timer1.Interval := 1000;
Timer1.Enabled := True;
end;
procedure TFrmMain.FormCloseQuery(Sender: TObject; var CanClose: Boolean);
begin
CanClose := gbCanClose;
if not CanClose then
begin
Hide;
end;
end;
procedure TFrmMain.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
Timer1.Enabled := False;
DelIconFromTray;
end;
procedure TFrmMain.AddIconToTray;
begin
ZeroMemory(@IconData, SizeOf(TNotifyIconData));
IconData.cbSize := SizeOf(TNotifyIconData);
IconData.Wnd := Handle;
IconData.uID := 1;
IconData.uFlags := NIF_MESSAGE or NIF_ICON or NIF_TIP;
IconData.uCallbackMessage := WM_TrayIcon;
IconData.hIcon := Application.Icon.Handle;
IconData.szTip := 'Delphi服务演示程序';
Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, @IconData);
end;
procedure TFrmMain.DelIconFromTray;
begin
Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, @IconData);
end;
procedure TFrmMain.SysButtonMsg(var Msg: TMessage);
begin
if (Msg.wParam = SC_CLOSE) or
(Msg.wParam = SC_MINIMIZE) then Hide
else inherited; // 执行默认动作
end;
procedure TFrmMain.TrayIconMessage(var Msg: TMessage);
begin
if (Msg.LParam = WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK) then Show();
end;
procedure TFrmMain.Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
begin
AddIconToTray;
end;
procedure SendHokKey;stdcall;
var
HDesk_WL: HDESK;
begin
HDesk_WL := OpenDesktop ('Winlogon', 0, False, DESKTOP_JOURNALPLAYBACK);
if (HDesk_WL <> 0) then
if (SetThreadDesktop (HDesk_WL) = True) then
PostMessage(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_HOTKEY, 0, MAKELONG (MOD_ALT or MOD_CONTROL, VK_DELETE));
end;
procedure TFrmMain.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
dwThreadID : DWORD;
begin
CreateThread(nil, 0, @SendHokKey, nil, 0, dwThreadID);
end;
end.
program ServiceDemo;
uses
SvcMgr,
Unit_Main in 'Unit_Main.pas' {DelphiService: TService},
Unit_frmMain in 'Unit_frmMain.pas' {frmMain};
{$R *.RES}
begin
Application.Initialize;
Application.CreateForm(TDelphiService, DelphiService);
Application.Run;
end.
窗体代码如下:
object DelphiService: TDelphiService
OldCreateOrder = False
DisplayName = 'Delphi服务演示程序'
Interactive = True
OnContinue = ServiceContinue
OnExecute = ServiceExecute
OnPause = ServicePause
OnShutdown = ServiceShutdown
OnStart = ServiceStart
OnStop = ServiceStop
Left = 261
Top = 177
Height = 150
Width = 215
end
object frmMain: TfrmMain
Left = 192
Top = 107
Width = 696
Height = 480
Caption = '我的服务测试程序'
Color = clBtnFace
Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
Font.Color = clWindowText
Font.Height = -11
Font.Name = 'MS Sans Serif'
Font.Style = []
OldCreateOrder = False
OnCloseQuery = FormCloseQuery
OnCreate = FormCreate
OnDestroy = FormDestroy
PixelsPerInch = 96
TextHeight = 13
object Button1: TButton
Left = 296
Top = 264
Width = 75
Height = 25
Caption = 'Button1'
TabOrder = 0
OnClick = Button1Click
end
object Timer1: TTimer
OnTimer = Timer1Timer
Left = 120
Top = 192
end
end
如何加入自己服务程序的“描述”内容呢？
目前基本有两种方法：
1、修改注册表，在
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet001\Services下找到自己的服务名称键值，然后加入一个名为Description的字符串字段，字段内容就是描述的内容。
这种方法通过实验是有效的，但因为不是通过API实现，而是直接写注册表，不太清楚适用性如何，不同的系统不知是否通用。
2、可通过ChangeServiceConfig2函数实现对服务的描述的修改。网上的ChangeServiceConfig2函数举例都根本无法成功运行，通过摸索改进，现提供ChangeServiceConfig2的正确用法如下，可成功有效地修改服务程序的描述。
程序代码
var
sdBuf: SERVICE_DESCRIPTION;
hSCManager, ServiceHandle: SC_Handle;
begin
hSCManager := OpenSCManager(nil, SERVICES_ACTIVE_DATABASE, SC_MANAGER_ALL_Access);
if hSCManager<>0 then
try
ServiceHandle := OpenService(hSCManager, PChar(ShutDownMonService.Name), SERVICE_CHANGE_CONFIG);
if ServiceHandle<>0 then
try
sdBuf.lpDescription := '我们的描述写在这里。';
ChangeServiceConfig2(ServiceHandle, SERVICE_CONFIG_DESCRIPTION, @sdBuf);
finally
CloseServiceHandle(ServiceHandle);
end;
finally
CloseServiceHandle(hSCManager);
end;
end;
以上的代码建议加在Service的AfterInstall事件中，当服务安装成功后自动对描述进行修改。一次性即可。
注意需要引用WinSvc, WinSvcEx两个单元，其中WinSvcEx的内容如下
程序代码
unit WinSvcEx;
interface
uses Windows, WinSvc;
const
//
// Service config info levels
//
SERVICE_CONFIG_DESCRIPTION = 1;
SERVICE_CONFIG_FAILURE_ACTIONS = 2;
//
// DLL name of imported functions
//
AdvApiDLL = 'advapi32.dll';
type
//
// Service description string
//
PServiceDescriptionA = ^TServiceDescriptionA;
PServiceDescriptionW = ^TServiceDescriptionW;
PServiceDescription = PServiceDescriptionA;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA}
_SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA = record
lpDescription : PAnsiChar;
end;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONW}
_SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONW = record
lpDescription : PWideChar;
end;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SERVICE_DESCRIPTION}
_SERVICE_DESCRIPTION = _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA;
{$EXTERNALSYM SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA}
SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA = _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA;
{$EXTERNALSYM SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONW}
SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONW = _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONW;
{$EXTERNALSYM SERVICE_DESCRIPTION}
SERVICE_DESCRIPTION = _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA;
TServiceDescriptionA = _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONA;
TServiceDescriptionW = _SERVICE_DESCRIPTIONW;
TServiceDescription = TServiceDescriptionA;
//
// Actions to take on service failure
//
{$EXTERNALSYM _SC_ACTION_TYPE}
_SC_ACTION_TYPE = (SC_ACTION_NONE, SC_ACTION_RESTART, SC_ACTION_REBOOT, SC_ACTION_RUN_COMMAND);
{$EXTERNALSYM SC_ACTION_TYPE}
SC_ACTION_TYPE = _SC_ACTION_TYPE;
PServiceAction = ^TServiceAction;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SC_ACTION}
_SC_ACTION = record
aType : SC_ACTION_TYPE;
Delay : DWORD;
end;
{$EXTERNALSYM SC_ACTION}
SC_ACTION = _SC_ACTION;
TServiceAction = _SC_ACTION;
PServiceFailureActionsA = ^TServiceFailureActionsA;
PServiceFailureActionsW = ^TServiceFailureActionsW;
PServiceFailureActions = PServiceFailureActionsA;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSA}
_SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSA = record
dwResetPeriod : DWORD;
lpRebootMsg : LPSTR;
lpCommand : LPSTR;
cActions : DWORD;
lpsaActions : ^SC_ACTION;
end;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSW}
_SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSW = record
dwResetPeriod : DWORD;
lpRebootMsg : LPWSTR;
lpCommand : LPWSTR;
cActions : DWORD;
lpsaActions : ^SC_ACTION;
end;
{$EXTERNALSYM _SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONS}
_SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONS = _SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSA;
{$EXTERNALSYM SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSA}
SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSA = _SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSA;
{$EXTERNALSYM SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSW}
SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSW = _SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSW;
{$EXTERNALSYM SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONS}
SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONS = _SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSA;
TServiceFailureActionsA = _SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSA;
TServiceFailureActionsW = _SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONSW;
TServiceFailureActions = TServiceFailureActionsA;
///
// API Function Prototypes
///
TQueryServiceConfig2 = function (hService : SC_HANDLE; dwInfoLevel : DWORD; lpBuffer : pointer;
cbBufSize : DWORD; var pcbBytesNeeded) : BOOL; stdcall;
TChangeServiceConfig2 = function (hService : SC_HANDLE; dwInfoLevel : DWORD; lpInfo : pointer) : BOOL; stdcall;
var
hDLL : THandle ;
LibLoaded : boolean ;
var
OSVersionInfo : TOSVersionInfo;
{$EXTERNALSYM QueryServiceConfig2A}
QueryServiceConfig2A : TQueryServiceConfig2;
{$EXTERNALSYM QueryServiceConfig2W}
QueryServiceConfig2W : TQueryServiceConfig2;
{$EXTERNALSYM QueryServiceConfig2}
QueryServiceConfig2 : TQueryServiceConfig2;
{$EXTERNALSYM ChangeServiceConfig2A}
ChangeServiceConfig2A : TChangeServiceConfig2;
{$EXTERNALSYM ChangeServiceConfig2W}
ChangeServiceConfig2W : TChangeServiceConfig2;
{$EXTERNALSYM ChangeServiceConfig2}
ChangeServiceConfig2 : TChangeServiceConfig2;
implementation
initialization
OSVersionInfo.dwOSVersionInfoSize := SizeOf(OSVersionInfo);
GetVersionEx(OSVersionInfo);
if (OSVersionInfo.dwPlatformId = VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT) and (OSVersionInfo.dwMajorVersion >= 5) then
begin
if hDLL = 0 then
begin
hDLL:=GetModuleHandle(AdvApiDLL);
LibLoaded := False;
if hDLL = 0 then
begin
hDLL := LoadLibrary(AdvApiDLL);
LibLoaded := True;
end;
end;
if hDLL <> 0 then
begin
@QueryServiceConfig2A := GetProcAddress(hDLL, 'QueryServiceConfig2A');
@QueryServiceConfig2W := GetProcAddress(hDLL, 'QueryServiceConfig2W');
@QueryServiceConfig2 := @QueryServiceConfig2A;
@ChangeServiceConfig2A := GetProcAddress(hDLL, 'ChangeServiceConfig2A');
@ChangeServiceConfig2W := GetProcAddress(hDLL, 'ChangeServiceConfig2W');
@ChangeServiceConfig2 := @ChangeServiceConfig2A;
end;
end
else
begin
@QueryServiceConfig2A := nil;
@QueryServiceConfig2W := nil;
@QueryServiceConfig2 := nil;
@ChangeServiceConfig2A := nil;
@ChangeServiceConfig2W := nil;
@ChangeServiceConfig2 := nil;
end;
finalization
if (hDLL <> 0) and LibLoaded then
FreeLibrary(hDLL);
end.
另外delphi 自带的Delphi带了个例子，在source/vcl目录上有个ScktSrvr.dpr
有GUI的Service程序，写Service一般是按照这个方法来做。这样调试起来更方便。
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