javaswing 实现数据库登录增删 swing登录界面数据库

这篇文章记录了用Swing开发简单的图形用户界面程序与MySQL数据库进行连接，并进行数据获取、数据处理（分页显示）和数据查找的过程

示例程序：

这篇文章是在上篇文章的基础上进行改进和扩充的，因此会时不时地用到上篇文章的代码。

1. 准备工作
   将上篇文章中Studnet类再次利用，因此我原封不动地搬运过来

public class Student {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private int age;
	
	public Student(){
		this.id=0;
		this.name=null;
		this.sex=null;
		this.age=0;
		
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id=id;
	}
	public int getId() {
		return(id);
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name=name;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return(name);
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex=sex;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return(sex);
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age=age;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return(age);
	}
}

再对数据管理器类进行如下修改
这里先给出数据管理器类完整代码，然后对修改部分进行解释

import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.sql.Connection;

public class DBManager {
	//四个关键参数
	private String driver = "java.sql.Driver";
	private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/zijeak";//数据库链接方式：jtbc方式,3306为端口号，最后一项为数据库名
	private String uname = "root";
	private String password = "root";
    private Connection con = null;//数据库链接对象
    private Statement sta = null;
    private PreparedStatement psta = null;
    private ResultSet rs = null;
	
	
	public DBManager(){
		try {
			Class.forName(driver);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println("驱动加载异常");
		}
		try{
			con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, uname, password);
			System.out.println("数据库链接成功");
		}catch(SQLException e){
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println("数据库链接异常");
		}
	}
	
	//获取全部数据
    public void selectTable(Vector<Student> stu) {
	    String sql = "select * from table01";
		try {
			sta = con.createStatement();//利用连接器创建语句
			rs = sta.executeQuery(sql);
			//将语句发送到数据库,返回数据，rs相当于游标指针，可用next()方法访问下一条数据，若有数据返回ture,若无数据返回false
			while(rs.next()) {
				Student student = new Student();
				int id = rs.getInt("ID");
				String name = rs.getString("NAME");
				String sex = rs.getString("SEX");
				int age = rs.getInt("AGE");
				
				//存储到对象
				student.setId(id);
				student.setName(name);
				student.setSex(sex);
				student.setAge(age);
				
				stu.add(student);
				
				System.out.println("学号："+id+"  姓名:"+name+"  性别:"+sex+"  年龄:"+age);
			}
			
			
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	
	}
    //信息检索
	int count=0;
	public int selectTable(String sql,Vector<Object> vct) {
		Vector<Student> stu_back = new Vector<Student>();
		try {
			psta = con.prepareStatement(sql);
			if(vct!=null) {
				for(int i=0;i<vct.size();i++) {
					psta.setObject(i+1,vct.get(i));
				}
			}
			rs = psta.executeQuery();
		
			while(rs.next()) {
				Student stu = new Student();
				
				int id = rs.getInt("ID");
				String name = rs.getString("NAME");
				String sex = rs.getString("SEX");
				int age = rs.getInt("AGE");
				
				stu.setId(id);
				stu.setName(name);
				stu.setSex(sex);
				stu.setAge(age);
				
				stu_back.add(stu);
				
				System.out.println("学号:"+id+"  姓名:"+name+"  性别:"+sex+"  年龄:"+age);
				count++;
				
			}
			//若找到搜索结果，显示搜索结果窗口
			if(count>=1) {
				ShowResult show = new ShowResult(stu_back);
			}
			
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return count;
		
		
	}
	
	
	public void MyClose(){
		try {
			if(con!=null){
				con.close();
			}
			if(psta!=null){
				psta.close();
			}
			if(rs!=null){
				rs.close();
			}
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}
	}

修改部分如下
*修改了查询方法的参数
由于原本的代码只是将查询到信息打印到控制台上，并未存储，因此需要进行修改。
从外部传入一个Vector类的数组，用于将查询到的学生信息全部存储起来，进而图形用户界面的表格控件便可以获取到信息。

public void selectTable(Vector<Student> stu)

stu.add(student);

试用重载方法进行信息检索查询
对方法头做以如下修改

传入的参数多了sql语句，实际上是方法中的sql半成品语句的补足部分，由用户在图形用户界面的搜索框中以字符串形式给出，并设置事件监听。

int count=0;
	public int selectTable(String sql,Vector<Object> vct) {
		Vector<Student> stu_back = new Vector<Student>();

设置变量count的目的是记录查找到的信息个数，若不为0，则显示检索结果窗口。
代码中的ShowReslut是一个图形用户界面窗口类，下文会进行介绍。

if(count>=1) {
	 ShowResult show = new ShowResult(stu_back);
}

2. 编写主用户界面
   先给出完整代码

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;

import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import javax.swing.table.JTableHeader;
import javax.swing.table.TableColumn;

import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;

import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTable;
import java.util.Vector;

public class Search {
	int countPage=0;//翻页动作中用于记录翻过的页数
	public Search() {
		JFrame frame = new JFrame();
		Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
		frame.setLocation(400,100);
		frame.setSize(1000,700);
		//新建JPanel
		JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();
		
		Image imageBackgroundTop=new ImageIcon("back.jpg").getImage();
		BackgroundPanel jPanelTop = new BackgroundPanel(imageBackgroundTop);
		Image imageBackgroundBottom=new ImageIcon("back.jpg").getImage();
		BackgroundPanel jPanelBottom = new BackgroundPanel(imageBackgroundBottom);
		
		// 创建一个水平箱容器
		Box hBox1 = Box.createHorizontalBox();
		Box hBox2 = Box.createHorizontalBox();
		    
		// 创建一个垂直箱容器
		Box vBox = Box.createVerticalBox();
		
		vBox.add(hBox1);
		vBox.add(hBox2);
		
		BorderLayout pane = new BorderLayout();
		contentPane.add(jPanelTop,BorderLayout.NORTH);
		contentPane.add(jPanelBottom,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		contentPane.add(jPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
		//jPanel1.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(300, 300));
		
		
		//新建JLabel
		ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon("logo-w.png"); 
		JLabel label = new JLabel(imageIcon,SwingConstants.CENTER);
		jPanelTop.add(vBox);
		hBox1.add(label);
		
		//搜索文本框
		JTextField textField = new JTextField(50);
		
		//搜索按钮
		ImageIcon searchIcon = new ImageIcon("search.png");
	    JButton searchButton = new JButton(searchIcon);
	    //searchButton.setContentAreaFilled(false);
	    searchButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
		hBox2.add(textField);
		hBox2.add(searchButton);
		
		//创建数据管理器实例，并调用查看数据方法
		DBManager db = new DBManager();
		Vector<Student> stu = new Vector<Student>();
		
		db.selectTable(stu);
		//获取二维数组的数据
		Object[][] tableData = new Object[10][4];
		for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
			for(int j=0;j<4;j++) {
				tableData[i][0]=stu.get(i).getId();
				tableData[i][1]=stu.get(i).getName();
				tableData[i][2]=stu.get(i).getSex();
				tableData[i][3]=stu.get(i).getAge();
			}
		}
	    //定义一维数据作为列标题  
	    Object[] columnTitle = {"ID" , "NAME" , "SEX","AGE"}; 
	    JTable table = new JTable(tableData, columnTitle); // 用双数组创建Table对象
        JTableHeader head = table.getTableHeader(); // 创建表格标题对象
        head.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(head.getWidth(), 25));// 设置表头大小
        head.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.HANGING_BASELINE,20));
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);

	    //table = new JTable(tableData , columnTitle); 
	    table.setFont(new Font("仿宋", Font.PLAIN, 20));
	    table.setRowHeight(50);
	    table.setAutoResizeMode(JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_SUBSEQUENT_COLUMNS);// 以下设置表格列宽
	    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            TableColumn column = table.getColumnModel().getColumn(i);
            if (i == 0) {
                column.setPreferredWidth(200);
            }
            if(i!=0) {
            	column.setPreferredWidth(300);
            }
        }
	    
	
	    
	    jPanel.add(new JScrollPane(table,JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED)); 
	    jPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
	    jPanelBottom.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
	    //翻页按钮
	    ImageIcon nextIcon = new ImageIcon("next.png");
	    JButton next = new JButton(nextIcon);
	    next.setContentAreaFilled(false);
	    
	    
	    next.setBackground(Color.white);
	    ImageIcon backIcon = new ImageIcon("goback.png");
	    JButton back = new JButton(backIcon);
	    back.setContentAreaFilled(false);
	    back.setBackground(Color.white);
	    Box hBox3 = Box.createHorizontalBox();
	    hBox3.add(back);
	    hBox3.add(next);
	    
	    jPanelBottom.add(hBox3);
	    
	    
	    //翻页按钮动作
	    class nextListener extends MouseAdapter{
	    	
			   
				   @Override
				   public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){
					   JButton jbt = (JButton)e.getSource();
					   int page=0;//总页数
					   //每页显示10条数据
					   if(stu.size()%10==0) {
						   page = stu.size()/10;
					   }else {
						   page = stu.size()/10+1;
					   }
					   
					   if(countPage<page) {
						   countPage++;
					   }
					   
					   if(countPage==page) {
						   JOptionPane failMessage = new JOptionPane();
						   JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(failMessage,"没有下一页啦！" , "提示",JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);;
					   }
					   else {
						   for(int i=countPage*10;i<(countPage+1)*10;i++) {
								for(int j=0;j<4;j++) {
									tableData[i-countPage*10][0]=stu.get(i).getId();
									tableData[i-countPage*10][1]=stu.get(i).getName();
									tableData[i-countPage*10][2]=stu.get(i).getSex();
									tableData[i-countPage*10][3]=stu.get(i).getAge();
								}
							}
						   
					   }
					   
				   }
			   
		   }
	   next.setActionCommand("next");
	   next.addMouseListener(new nextListener());
	   
	   class backListener extends MouseAdapter{
	    	
		   
		   @Override
		   public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){
			   JButton jbt = (JButton)e.getSource();
			   int page = stu.size()/10;
			   countPage--;
			   
			   if(countPage<0) {//如果当前页是第一页
				   JOptionPane failMessage = new JOptionPane();
				   JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(failMessage,"已经是第一页啦！" , "提示",JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);;
				   countPage=0;
			   }
			   else {
				   for(int i=(countPage)*10;i<(countPage+1)*10;i++) {//(countPage-1)*10;i<countPage*10
						for(int j=0;j<4;j++) {
							tableData[i][0]=stu.get(i).getId();
							tableData[i][1]=stu.get(i).getName();
							tableData[i][2]=stu.get(i).getSex();
							tableData[i][3]=stu.get(i).getAge();
							
						}
					}
				   
			   }
			   
		   }
	   
        }
        back.setActionCommand("back");
        back.addMouseListener(new backListener());
	    //搜索按钮动作
	    searchButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            	searchButton.setActionCommand(textField.getText());
                System.out.println("搜索框监听成功: " + textField.getText());
                searchButton.addMouseListener(new SearchListener());
            }
        });
	    
	    System.out.println(textField.getText());
		frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
		frame.setTitle("众里寻他");
		frame.setIconImage(searchIcon.getImage());
		frame.setVisible(true);
		run(table);
	}
	public void run(JTable table) {
		while (true) {
			//每隔1秒钟更新JTable
			table.validate();
			table.updateUI();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(500);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	
	//搜索按钮事件监听器
	public class SearchListener extends MouseAdapter{
		@Override
		public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
			JButton jbt = (JButton)e.getSource();//获取事件源
			String str = jbt.getActionCommand();//返回事件源名称
			String sql = "select * from table01 where NAME=?";//半成品语句
			Vector<Object> vct = new Vector<Object>();
			vct.add(str);
			
			int count=0;
			DBManager db = new DBManager();
			
			
	
			count=db.selectTable(sql,vct);
			if(count==0) {
				JOptionPane failMessage = new JOptionPane();
				JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(failMessage,"未能找到相关信息，请确认后重新查找！" , "提示",JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);;
			}
			
		}
		
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Search();
	}

}

这里使用JFrame来显示主窗口
注意，JFrame默认布局为BorderLayerout，默认布局会屏蔽掉我们的设置大小的方法(如setSize)，可以使用setPreferredSize更改大小。

主窗口的结构如下图

代码中，将搜索按钮的事件监听器定义在主类外，作为一个独立类出现。而“下一页”、“上一页”按钮的事件监听器作为内部类出现。

注意还需给出关于页数的判断，否则会出现数组越界异常

为使程序功能完善，需要加入错误提示，例如

if(countPage<0) {//如果当前页是第一页
				   JOptionPane failMessage = new JOptionPane();
				   JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(failMessage,"已经是第一页啦！" , "提示",JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);;
				   countPage=0;
			   }

count=db.selectTable(sql,vct);
			if(count==0) {
				JOptionPane failMessage = new JOptionPane();
				JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(failMessage,"未能找到相关信息，请确认后重新查找！" , "提示",JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);;
			}

if(countPage==page) {
						   JOptionPane failMessage = new JOptionPane();
						   JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(failMessage,"没有下一页啦！" , "提示",JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);;
					   }

需要注意的是：JTable组件内的内容默认不能实时刷新，需要人工设置，否则点击“下一页”、“上一页”会出现部分数据更新的情况，，需要鼠标点击一个个的数据项才可以更新。

为此，加入以下代码：

public void run(JTable table) {
		while (true) {
			//每隔1秒钟更新JTable
			table.validate();
			table.updateUI();
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

对于搜索结果页，为方便起见，仅对主界面代码进行简单修改即可使用。
代码如下：

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;

import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import javax.swing.table.JTableHeader;
import javax.swing.table.TableColumn;

import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;

import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTable;
import java.util.Vector;

public class ShowResult {
	
	public ShowResult(Vector<Student> stu) {
		JFrame frame = new JFrame();
		Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
		frame.setLocation(500,200);
		frame.setSize(1000,700);
		//新建JPanel
		JPanel jPanel = new JPanel();
		
		Image imageBackgroundTop=new ImageIcon("background-02.jpg").getImage();
		BackgroundPanel jPanelTop = new BackgroundPanel(imageBackgroundTop);
		Image imageBackgroundBottom=new ImageIcon("background-02.jpg").getImage();
		BackgroundPanel jPanelBottom = new BackgroundPanel(imageBackgroundBottom);
		
		// 创建一个水平箱容器
		Box hBox1 = Box.createHorizontalBox();
		Box hBox2 = Box.createHorizontalBox();
		    
		// 创建一个垂直箱容器
		Box vBox = Box.createVerticalBox();
		
		vBox.add(hBox1);
		vBox.add(hBox2);
		
		BorderLayout pane = new BorderLayout();
		contentPane.add(jPanelTop,BorderLayout.NORTH);
		contentPane.add(jPanelBottom,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		contentPane.add(jPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);
		//jPanel1.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(300, 300));
		
		
		//新建JLabel
		ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon("found.png"); 
		JLabel label = new JLabel(imageIcon,SwingConstants.CENTER);
		jPanelTop.add(vBox);
		hBox1.add(label);
		
		//搜索文本框
		JTextField textField = new JTextField(50);
		
		//搜索按钮
		ImageIcon searchIcon = new ImageIcon("search.png");
	    JButton searchButton = new JButton(searchIcon);
	    //searchButton.setContentAreaFilled(false);
	    searchButton.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
		//hBox2.add(textField);
		//hBox2.add(searchButton);
		
		
		
		//获取二维数组的数据
		Object[][] tableData = new Object[stu.size()][4];
		for(int i=0;i<stu.size();i++) {
			for(int j=0;j<4;j++) {
				tableData[i][0]=stu.get(i).getId();
				tableData[i][1]=stu.get(i).getName();
				tableData[i][2]=stu.get(i).getSex();
				tableData[i][3]=stu.get(i).getAge();
			}
		}
	    //定义一维数据作为列标题  
	    Object[] columnTitle = {"ID" , "NAME" , "SEX","AGE"}; 
	    JTable table = new JTable(tableData, columnTitle); // 用双数组创建Table对象
        JTableHeader head = table.getTableHeader(); // 创建表格标题对象
        head.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(head.getWidth(), 25));// 设置表头大小
        head.setFont(new Font("仿宋",Font.PLAIN,20));
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);

	    //table = new JTable(tableData , columnTitle); 
	    table.setFont(new Font("楷体", Font.PLAIN, 18));
	    table.setRowHeight(50);
	    table.setAutoResizeMode(JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_SUBSEQUENT_COLUMNS);// 以下设置表格列宽
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            TableColumn column = table.getColumnModel().getColumn(i);
            if (i == 0) {
                column.setPreferredWidth(200);
            }
            if(i!=0) {
            	column.setPreferredWidth(300);
            }
        }

	    
	    jPanel.add(new JScrollPane(table,JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED)); 
	    jPanel.setBackground(Color.white);
	    jPanelBottom.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
	    //翻页按钮
	    ImageIcon nextIcon = new ImageIcon("next.png");
	    JButton next = new JButton(nextIcon);
	    next.setContentAreaFilled(false);
	    
	    
	    next.setBackground(Color.white);
	    ImageIcon backIcon = new ImageIcon("goback.png");
	    JButton back = new JButton(backIcon);
	    back.setContentAreaFilled(false);
	    back.setBackground(Color.white);
	    Box hBox3 = Box.createHorizontalBox();
	    hBox3.add(back);
	    hBox3.add(next);
	    
	    jPanelBottom.add(hBox3);
	    //jPanelBottom.add(next);
	    
	    
		frame.setTitle("搜索结果页——众里找到他");
		frame.setIconImage(searchIcon.getImage());
		frame.setVisible(true);
	}
}

3. 界面优化
   可自行设计界面背景图片，字体格式等
   为设置JPanel的背景图片，可以在以下类中实现

import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Image;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class BackgroundPanel extends JPanel {  
       
    /** 
      *  
      */  
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -6352788025440244338L;  
       
     private Image image = null;  
   
     public BackgroundPanel(Image image) {  
         this.image = image;  
     }  
   
     
     protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {  
         g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight(), this);  
     }  
 }

加入自己的个性化设计后，就可以啦~
美化后的效果如图所示

主界面

搜索结果