普通队列:先进先出,后进后出

优先队列:出队顺序和入队顺序无关,和优先级相关。

堆中某个节点的值总是不对于其父节点的值,最大堆。


public class Array<E> {

    private E[] data;
    private int size;

    // 构造函数,传入数组的容量capacity构造Array
    public Array(int capacity){
        data = (E[])new Object[capacity];
        size = 0;
    }

    // 无参数的构造函数,默认数组的容量capacity=10
    public Array(){
        this(10);
    }

    public Array(E[] arr){
    	data=(E[])new Object[arr.length];
    	for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++)
    		data[i]=arr[i];
    	size=arr.length;
    }
    // 获取数组的容量
    public int getCapacity(){
        return data.length;
    }

    // 获取数组中的元素个数
    public int getSize(){
        return size;
    }

    // 返回数组是否为空
    public boolean isEmpty(){
        return size == 0;
    }

    // 在index索引的位置插入一个新元素e
    public void add(int index, E e){

        if(index < 0 || index > size)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Add failed. Require index >= 0 and index <= size.");

        if(size == data.length)
            resize(2 * data.length);

        for(int i = size - 1; i >= index ; i --)
            data[i + 1] = data[i];

        data[index] = e;

        size ++;
    }

    // 向所有元素后添加一个新元素
    public void addLast(E e){
        add(size, e);
    }

    // 在所有元素前添加一个新元素
    public void addFirst(E e){
        add(0, e);
    }

    // 获取index索引位置的元素
    public E get(int index){
        if(index < 0 || index >= size)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Get failed. Index is illegal.");
        return data[index];
    }

    // 修改index索引位置的元素为e
    public void set(int index, E e){
        if(index < 0 || index >= size)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Set failed. Index is illegal.");
        data[index] = e;
    }

    // 查找数组中是否有元素e
    public boolean contains(E e){
        for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++){
            if(data[i].equals(e))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    // 查找数组中元素e所在的索引,如果不存在元素e,则返回-1
    public int find(E e){
        for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++){
            if(data[i].equals(e))
                return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    // 从数组中删除index位置的元素, 返回删除的元素
    public E remove(int index){
        if(index < 0 || index >= size)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Remove failed. Index is illegal.");

        E ret = data[index];
        for(int i = index + 1 ; i < size ; i ++)
            data[i - 1] = data[i];
        size --;
        data[size] = null; // loitering objects != memory leak

        if(size == data.length / 4 && data.length / 2 != 0)
            resize(data.length / 2);
        return ret;
    }

    // 从数组中删除第一个元素, 返回删除的元素
    public E removeFirst(){
        return remove(0);
    }

    // 从数组中删除最后一个元素, 返回删除的元素
    public E removeLast(){
        return remove(size - 1);
    }

    // 从数组中删除元素e
    public void removeElement(E e){
        int index = find(e);
        if(index != -1)
            remove(index);
    }
    //交换i和j所在元素的位置
    public void swap(int i,int j){
    	if(i<0||i>=size||j<0||j>=size)
    		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Index is illegal.");
    	E t=data[i];
    	data[i]=data[j];
    	data[j]=t;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(){

        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
        res.append(String.format("Array: size = %d , capacity = %d\n", size, data.length));
        res.append('[');
        for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++){
            res.append(data[i]);
            if(i != size - 1)
                res.append(", ");
        }
        res.append(']');
        return res.toString();
    }

    // 将数组空间的容量变成newCapacity大小
    private void resize(int newCapacity){

        E[] newData = (E[])new Object[newCapacity];
        for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++)
            newData[i] = data[i];
        data = newData;
    }
}



  



package MaxHeap;

public class MaxHeap<E extends Comparable<E>>{
	private Array<E> data;
	public MaxHeap(int capacity){
		data=new Array<>(capacity);
	}

	public MaxHeap(){
		data=new Array<>();
	}
	public MaxHeap(E[] arr){
		data=new Array<>(arr);
		for(int i=parent(arr.length-1);	i>=0;i--)
			siftDown(i);
	}
	//返回堆中的元素
	public int size(){
		return data.getSize();
	}
	//返回一个布尔值,表示堆中是否为空
	public boolean isEmpty(){
		return data.isEmpty();
	}
	//返回完全二叉树的数组表示中,一个索引表示的元素的父节点的索引
	private int parent(int index){
		if(index==0)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("index-0 doesn't hava parent.");
		return (index -1)/2;
	}
	//返回完全二叉树的数组表示中,一个索引表示的元素的左孩子节点的索引
	private int leftChild(int index){
		return index*2+1;
	}
	//返回完全二叉树的数组表示中,一个索引表示的元素的右孩子节点的索引
	private int rightChild(int index){
		return index*2+2;
	}
	//向堆中添加元素
	public void add(E e){
		data.addLast(e);
		siftUp(data.getSize()-1);  //最后一个索引
	}
	private void siftUp(int k){
		while(k>0&&data.get(parent(k)).compareTo(data.get(k))<0){//key所在的父亲元素和key元素进行比较
			data.swap(k, parent(k));
			k=parent(k);
		}
	}
	//看堆中的最大元素
	public E findMax(){
		if(data.getSize()==0)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can not findMax when heap is empty.");
		return data.get(0);
	}
	
	//取出堆中最大元素
	public E extractMax(){
		E ret=findMax();
		data.swap(0, data.getSize()-1);
		data.removeLast();
		siftDown(0);
		return ret;
	}
	private void siftDown(int k){
		while(leftChild(k)<data.getSize()){
			int j=leftChild(k);
			if(j+1<data.getSize()
					&&data.get(	j+1).compareTo(data.get(j))>0)
				j=rightChild(k);
			//data[j] 是leftChild和rightChild中最大值
			if(data.get(k).compareTo(data.get(j))>=0)
				break;
			data.swap(k, j);
			k=j;
		}
	}
    
	//取出堆中的最大元素,并且替换成元素e
	public E replace(E e){
		E ret=findMax();
		data.set(0,e);
		siftDown(0);
		return ret;
	}
	//heapify:将任意数组整理成堆的形状
	
}



  测试



package MaxHeap;

import java.util.Random;

public class Main {
	private static double testHeap(Integer[] testData,boolean isHeapify){
		long startTime=System.nanoTime();
		MaxHeap<Integer> maxHeap;
		if(isHeapify)
			maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>(testData);
		else {
			maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>();
			for(int num:testData)
				maxHeap.add(num);
		}
		int[] arr = new int[testData.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < testData.length; i++)
			arr[i] = maxHeap.extractMax();
		for (int i = 1; i < testData.length; i++)
			if (arr[i - 1] < arr[i])
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error");
		System.out.println("Test MaxHeap completed");
		long endTime=System.nanoTime();
		return(endTime-startTime)/1000000000.0;
	}
   public static void main(String[] args){
	   int n=100000;
	   MaxHeap<Integer> maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>();
	   Random random=new Random();
	   Integer[] testData=new Integer[n];
	   for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		   testData[i]=random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
	   
	   double time1=testHeap(testData, false);
	   System.out.println("Without heapify:"+time1+"s");
	   
	   double time2=testHeap(testData, true);
	   System.out.println("With heapify:"+time2+"s");
	   
//	   for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
//		   maxHeap.add(random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
	   
//	   int[] arr=new int[n];
//	   for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
//		   arr[i]=maxHeap.extractMax();
//	   for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
//		   if(arr[i-1]<arr[i])
//			   throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error");
//	   System.out.println("Test MaxHeap completed");
   }
}


  

java list先进先出使用什么_数组

 给定一个非空整数的数组,返回其中出现频率前k高的元素



public interface Queue <E>{
    int getSize();
    boolean isEmpty();
    void enqueue(E e);
    E dequeue();
    E getFront();	
}



  



package MaxHeap;

public class PriorityQueue<E extends Comparable<E>> implements Queue<E> {
    private MaxHeap<E> maxHeap;
    public PriorityQueue(){
    	maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>();
    }
    @Override
    public int getSize(){
    	return maxHeap.size();
    }
    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty(){
    	return maxHeap.isEmpty();
    }
    @Override
    public E getFront(){
    	return maxHeap.findMax();
    }
    @Override
    public void enqueue(E e){
    	maxHeap.add(e);
    }
    @Override
    public E dequeue(){
    	return maxHeap.extractMax();
    }
}



  



package MaxHeap;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.TreeMap;

public class Solution {
	private class Freq implements Comparable<Freq>{
		public int e,freq;
		public  Freq(int e,int freq) {
			this.e=e;
			this.freq=freq;
		}
		@Override
		public int compareTo(Freq another){
			if( this.freq<another.freq)
				return 1;
			else if(this.freq>another.freq)
				return -1;
			else return 0;
		}
	}
    public  List<Integer> topKFrequent(int[] nums,int k){
    	TreeMap<Integer, Integer> map=new TreeMap<>();
    	for(int num:nums){
    		if(map.containsKey(num))
    			map.put(num, map.get(num)+1);
    		else 
    			map.put(num, 1);
    	}
    	PriorityQueue<Freq>	pq=new PriorityQueue<>();
    	for(int key:map.keySet()){
    		if(pq.getSize()<k)
    			pq.enqueue(new Freq(key, map.get(key)));
    		else if(map.get(key)>pq.getFront().freq){
    			pq.dequeue();
    			pq.enqueue(new Freq(key, map.get(key)));
    		}	
    	}
    	LinkedList<Integer> res=new LinkedList<>();
        while (! pq.isEmpty())
        	res.add(pq.dequeue().e);
        return res;
    }
}



  java自定义:



import java.util.*;

public class Solution5 {

    public List<Integer> topKFrequent(int[] nums, int k) {

        TreeMap<Integer, Integer> map = new TreeMap<>();
        for(int num: nums){
            if(map.containsKey(num))
                map.put(num, map.get(num) + 1);
            else
                map.put(num, 1);
        }

        PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(new Comparator<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Integer a, Integer b) {
                return map.get(a) - map.get(b);
            }
        });
        PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(
                (a, b) -> map.get(a) - map.get(b)
        );
        for(int key: map.keySet()){
            if(pq.size() < k)
                pq.add(key);
            else if(map.get(key) > map.get(pq.peek())){
                pq.remove();
                pq.add(key);
            }
        }

        LinkedList<Integer> res = new LinkedList<>();
        while(!pq.isEmpty())
            res.add(pq.remove());
        return res;
    }

    private static void printList(List<Integer> nums){
        for(Integer num: nums)
            System.out.print(num + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int[] nums = {1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3};
        int k = 2;
        printList((new Solution()).topKFrequent(nums, k));
    }
}