普通队列:先进先出,后进后出
优先队列:出队顺序和入队顺序无关,和优先级相关。
堆中某个节点的值总是不对于其父节点的值,最大堆。
public class Array<E> {
private E[] data;
private int size;
// 构造函数,传入数组的容量capacity构造Array
public Array(int capacity){
data = (E[])new Object[capacity];
size = 0;
}
// 无参数的构造函数,默认数组的容量capacity=10
public Array(){
this(10);
}
public Array(E[] arr){
data=(E[])new Object[arr.length];
for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++)
data[i]=arr[i];
size=arr.length;
}
// 获取数组的容量
public int getCapacity(){
return data.length;
}
// 获取数组中的元素个数
public int getSize(){
return size;
}
// 返回数组是否为空
public boolean isEmpty(){
return size == 0;
}
// 在index索引的位置插入一个新元素e
public void add(int index, E e){
if(index < 0 || index > size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Add failed. Require index >= 0 and index <= size.");
if(size == data.length)
resize(2 * data.length);
for(int i = size - 1; i >= index ; i --)
data[i + 1] = data[i];
data[index] = e;
size ++;
}
// 向所有元素后添加一个新元素
public void addLast(E e){
add(size, e);
}
// 在所有元素前添加一个新元素
public void addFirst(E e){
add(0, e);
}
// 获取index索引位置的元素
public E get(int index){
if(index < 0 || index >= size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Get failed. Index is illegal.");
return data[index];
}
// 修改index索引位置的元素为e
public void set(int index, E e){
if(index < 0 || index >= size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Set failed. Index is illegal.");
data[index] = e;
}
// 查找数组中是否有元素e
public boolean contains(E e){
for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++){
if(data[i].equals(e))
return true;
}
return false;
}
// 查找数组中元素e所在的索引,如果不存在元素e,则返回-1
public int find(E e){
for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++){
if(data[i].equals(e))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
// 从数组中删除index位置的元素, 返回删除的元素
public E remove(int index){
if(index < 0 || index >= size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Remove failed. Index is illegal.");
E ret = data[index];
for(int i = index + 1 ; i < size ; i ++)
data[i - 1] = data[i];
size --;
data[size] = null; // loitering objects != memory leak
if(size == data.length / 4 && data.length / 2 != 0)
resize(data.length / 2);
return ret;
}
// 从数组中删除第一个元素, 返回删除的元素
public E removeFirst(){
return remove(0);
}
// 从数组中删除最后一个元素, 返回删除的元素
public E removeLast(){
return remove(size - 1);
}
// 从数组中删除元素e
public void removeElement(E e){
int index = find(e);
if(index != -1)
remove(index);
}
//交换i和j所在元素的位置
public void swap(int i,int j){
if(i<0||i>=size||j<0||j>=size)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Index is illegal.");
E t=data[i];
data[i]=data[j];
data[j]=t;
}
@Override
public String toString(){
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
res.append(String.format("Array: size = %d , capacity = %d\n", size, data.length));
res.append('[');
for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++){
res.append(data[i]);
if(i != size - 1)
res.append(", ");
}
res.append(']');
return res.toString();
}
// 将数组空间的容量变成newCapacity大小
private void resize(int newCapacity){
E[] newData = (E[])new Object[newCapacity];
for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++)
newData[i] = data[i];
data = newData;
}
}
package MaxHeap;
public class MaxHeap<E extends Comparable<E>>{
private Array<E> data;
public MaxHeap(int capacity){
data=new Array<>(capacity);
}
public MaxHeap(){
data=new Array<>();
}
public MaxHeap(E[] arr){
data=new Array<>(arr);
for(int i=parent(arr.length-1); i>=0;i--)
siftDown(i);
}
//返回堆中的元素
public int size(){
return data.getSize();
}
//返回一个布尔值,表示堆中是否为空
public boolean isEmpty(){
return data.isEmpty();
}
//返回完全二叉树的数组表示中,一个索引表示的元素的父节点的索引
private int parent(int index){
if(index==0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("index-0 doesn't hava parent.");
return (index -1)/2;
}
//返回完全二叉树的数组表示中,一个索引表示的元素的左孩子节点的索引
private int leftChild(int index){
return index*2+1;
}
//返回完全二叉树的数组表示中,一个索引表示的元素的右孩子节点的索引
private int rightChild(int index){
return index*2+2;
}
//向堆中添加元素
public void add(E e){
data.addLast(e);
siftUp(data.getSize()-1); //最后一个索引
}
private void siftUp(int k){
while(k>0&&data.get(parent(k)).compareTo(data.get(k))<0){//key所在的父亲元素和key元素进行比较
data.swap(k, parent(k));
k=parent(k);
}
}
//看堆中的最大元素
public E findMax(){
if(data.getSize()==0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can not findMax when heap is empty.");
return data.get(0);
}
//取出堆中最大元素
public E extractMax(){
E ret=findMax();
data.swap(0, data.getSize()-1);
data.removeLast();
siftDown(0);
return ret;
}
private void siftDown(int k){
while(leftChild(k)<data.getSize()){
int j=leftChild(k);
if(j+1<data.getSize()
&&data.get( j+1).compareTo(data.get(j))>0)
j=rightChild(k);
//data[j] 是leftChild和rightChild中最大值
if(data.get(k).compareTo(data.get(j))>=0)
break;
data.swap(k, j);
k=j;
}
}
//取出堆中的最大元素,并且替换成元素e
public E replace(E e){
E ret=findMax();
data.set(0,e);
siftDown(0);
return ret;
}
//heapify:将任意数组整理成堆的形状
}
测试
package MaxHeap;
import java.util.Random;
public class Main {
private static double testHeap(Integer[] testData,boolean isHeapify){
long startTime=System.nanoTime();
MaxHeap<Integer> maxHeap;
if(isHeapify)
maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>(testData);
else {
maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>();
for(int num:testData)
maxHeap.add(num);
}
int[] arr = new int[testData.length];
for (int i = 0; i < testData.length; i++)
arr[i] = maxHeap.extractMax();
for (int i = 1; i < testData.length; i++)
if (arr[i - 1] < arr[i])
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error");
System.out.println("Test MaxHeap completed");
long endTime=System.nanoTime();
return(endTime-startTime)/1000000000.0;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
int n=100000;
MaxHeap<Integer> maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>();
Random random=new Random();
Integer[] testData=new Integer[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
testData[i]=random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
double time1=testHeap(testData, false);
System.out.println("Without heapify:"+time1+"s");
double time2=testHeap(testData, true);
System.out.println("With heapify:"+time2+"s");
// for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
// maxHeap.add(random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
// int[] arr=new int[n];
// for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
// arr[i]=maxHeap.extractMax();
// for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
// if(arr[i-1]<arr[i])
// throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error");
// System.out.println("Test MaxHeap completed");
}
}
给定一个非空整数的数组,返回其中出现频率前k高的元素
public interface Queue <E>{
int getSize();
boolean isEmpty();
void enqueue(E e);
E dequeue();
E getFront();
}
package MaxHeap;
public class PriorityQueue<E extends Comparable<E>> implements Queue<E> {
private MaxHeap<E> maxHeap;
public PriorityQueue(){
maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>();
}
@Override
public int getSize(){
return maxHeap.size();
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty(){
return maxHeap.isEmpty();
}
@Override
public E getFront(){
return maxHeap.findMax();
}
@Override
public void enqueue(E e){
maxHeap.add(e);
}
@Override
public E dequeue(){
return maxHeap.extractMax();
}
}
package MaxHeap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.TreeMap;
public class Solution {
private class Freq implements Comparable<Freq>{
public int e,freq;
public Freq(int e,int freq) {
this.e=e;
this.freq=freq;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Freq another){
if( this.freq<another.freq)
return 1;
else if(this.freq>another.freq)
return -1;
else return 0;
}
}
public List<Integer> topKFrequent(int[] nums,int k){
TreeMap<Integer, Integer> map=new TreeMap<>();
for(int num:nums){
if(map.containsKey(num))
map.put(num, map.get(num)+1);
else
map.put(num, 1);
}
PriorityQueue<Freq> pq=new PriorityQueue<>();
for(int key:map.keySet()){
if(pq.getSize()<k)
pq.enqueue(new Freq(key, map.get(key)));
else if(map.get(key)>pq.getFront().freq){
pq.dequeue();
pq.enqueue(new Freq(key, map.get(key)));
}
}
LinkedList<Integer> res=new LinkedList<>();
while (! pq.isEmpty())
res.add(pq.dequeue().e);
return res;
}
}
java自定义:
import java.util.*;
public class Solution5 {
public List<Integer> topKFrequent(int[] nums, int k) {
TreeMap<Integer, Integer> map = new TreeMap<>();
for(int num: nums){
if(map.containsKey(num))
map.put(num, map.get(num) + 1);
else
map.put(num, 1);
}
PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(new Comparator<Integer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Integer a, Integer b) {
return map.get(a) - map.get(b);
}
});
PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(
(a, b) -> map.get(a) - map.get(b)
);
for(int key: map.keySet()){
if(pq.size() < k)
pq.add(key);
else if(map.get(key) > map.get(pq.peek())){
pq.remove();
pq.add(key);
}
}
LinkedList<Integer> res = new LinkedList<>();
while(!pq.isEmpty())
res.add(pq.remove());
return res;
}
private static void printList(List<Integer> nums){
for(Integer num: nums)
System.out.print(num + " ");
System.out.println();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] nums = {1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3};
int k = 2;
printList((new Solution()).topKFrequent(nums, k));
}
}