1.确定是否安装systemd及其版本
# systemctl –version
2.确定systemd和systemctl的二进制文件和库文件的安装位置
# whereis systemd
# whereis systemctl
3.确定systemd是否运行
# ps -eaf | grep [s]ystemd
4.分析systemd启动进程
# systemd-analyze
5.分析启动时各个进程花费的时间
# systemd-analyze blame
6. 分析启动时的关键链
# systemd-analyze critical-chain
7.列出所有可用单元
# systemctl list-unit-files
8.列出所有运行中单元
# systemctl list-units
9.列出所有失败单元
# systemctl --failed
10. 确定某个单元(如 nfs.service)是否启用
# systemctl is-enabled nfs.service
11.确定某个单元或服务是否运行
# systemctl status nfs.service
12. 列出所有服务(包括启用的和禁用的)
# systemctl list-unit-files --type=service
13.启动、重启、停止、重载服务及确定服务(如 nfs.service)状态
# systemctl start nfs.service
# systemctl restart nfs.service
# systemctl stop nfs.service
# systemctl reload nfs.service
# systemctl status nfs.service
--注:
1)Systemctl的start,restart,stop和reload命令,终端并不输出任何相关信息,但可以通过status命令获取。
14.激活并配置服务自启和禁用服务
# systemctl is-active nfs.service
# systemctl enable nfs.service
# systemctl disable nfs.service
15.屏蔽(禁止任何方式启动服务,其比disabled作用更强)或解除屏蔽服务
# systemctl mask nfs.service
# systemctl unmask nfs.service
16.杀死服务
# systemctl kill nfs
# systemctl status nfs
17.列出所有系统挂载点
# systemctl list-unit-files --type=mount
18.挂载、卸载、重新挂载、重载系统挂载点和确定系统挂载点状态
# systemctl start tmp.mount
# systemctl stop tmp.mount
# systemctl restart tmp.mount
# systemctl reload tmp.mount
# systemctl status tmp.mount
19. 启动时激活、启用(自动挂载)或禁用挂载点
# systemctl is-active tmp.mount
# systemctl enable tmp.mount
# systemctl disable tmp.mount
20.屏蔽(使其不能启用)或解屏蔽挂载点
# systemctl mask tmp.mount
# systemctl unmask tmp.mount
21. 列出所有可用套接字
# systemctl list-unit-files --type=socket
22. 启动、重启、停止、重载套接字并确认其状态
# systemctl start cups.socket
# systemctl restart cups.socket
# systemctl stop cups.socket
# systemctl reload cups.socket
# systemctl status cups.socket
23.系统启动时激活套接口,并启用(自启)或禁用该套接字
# systemctl is-active cups.socket
# systemctl enable cups.socket
# systemctl disable cups.socket
24.屏蔽(使其不能启动)或解屏蔽套接字
# systemctl mask cups.socket
# systemctl unmask cups.socket
25.获取某个服务的CPU配额
# systemctl show -p CPUShares nfs.service
26.限制某个服务的CPU配额为2000
# systemctl set-property nfs.service CPUShares=2000
# systemctl show -p CPUShares nfs.service
--注:
1)当为某个服务设置CPU配额时,系统会以服务名为名字创建一个目录(如 nfs.service),其中包含一个名为90-CPUShares.conf的文件,该文件包含CPUShare限制的相关信息,可以用如下方式查看该文件。
# vi /etc/systemd/system/nfs.service.d/90-CPUShares.conf
27. 确定某个服务的所有配置信息
# systemctl show nfs
28. 分析某个服务的关键链
# systemd-analyze critical-chain nfs.service
29.获取某个服务的依赖性关系
# systemctl list-dependencies nfs.service
30.按等级列出控制组
# systemd-cgls
31.按CPU、内存、输入和输出列出控制组
# systemd-cgtop
32.进入系统救援模式
# systemctl rescue
33.进入紧急模式
# systemctl emergency
34. 确认当前的运行等级
# systemctl get-default
35.进入相应运行等级
--图形模式(5)
# systemctl isolate runlevel5.target
或
# systemctl isolate graphical.target
--多用户模式(3)
# systemctl isolate runlevel3.target
或
# systemctl isolate multiuser.target
36.设置默认运行等级
# systemctl set-default runlevel3.target
或
# systemctl set-default runlevel5.target
37.使系统重启、停止、挂起、休眠或进入混合睡眠
# systemctl reboot
# systemctl halt
# systemctl suspend
# systemctl hibernate
# systemctl hybrid-sleep
--注:
1)Runlevel 0 : 关闭系统。
2)Runlevel 1 : 救援维护模式。
3)Runlevel 3 : 多用户,无图形模式。
4)Runlevel 4 : 系统未使用,保留。
5)Runlevel 5 : 多用户,图形化模式。
6)Runlevel 6 : 关闭并重启系统。