最近在学习python,看的是《简明python教程》,写的很是通俗易懂。

在一个类和对象的变量的例子中,看到代码运行结果突然想到在python中对象的生命周期的问题,代码运行结果:

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
#filename :objvar.py
class Person:
    population = 0
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
        print("initializing %s"%self.name)
        Person.population += 1
    def __del__(self):
        print("%s say bye"%self.name)
        Person.population -=1
        if Person.population == 0 :
            print ("I'm the last one")
        else:
            print ("There are still %d person left"%Person.population)
    def SayHi(self):
        print ("Hi,my name is %s"%self.name)
    def HowMany(self):
        if Person.population == 1:
            print("I am the only Person here")
        else:
            print ("We have %d person here"%Person.population)
            
swaroop = Person("Swaroop") #initializing Swaroop
swaroop.SayHi()     #Hi,my name is Swaroop
swaroop.HowMany()   #I am the only Person here

kalam = Person("Kalam") #initializing Kalam
kalam.SayHi()   #Hi,my name is Kalam
kalam.HowMany() #We have 2 person here

swaroop.SayHi() #Hi,my name is Swaroop
swaroop.HowMany()   #We have 2 person here

#Kalam say bye
#There are still 1 person left
#Swaroop say bye
#I'm the last one

最后四行注释起来的运行结果中,显示kalam对象先被释放,之后才是swaroop被释放。在教程中提到:


就如同__init__方法一样,还有一个特殊的方法__del__,它在对象消逝的时候被调用。对象消逝即对象不再被使用,它所占用的内存将返回给系统作它用。在这个方法里面,我们只是简单地把Person.population减1。

当对象不再被使用时,__del__方法运行,但是很难保证这个方法究竟在 什么时候 运行。如果你想要指明它的运行,你就得使用del语句,就如同我们在以前的例子中使用的那样。

就是说,代码中后面不再引用对象时,对象自动被系统回收内存。

 

可能1、对象的回收(析构)被调用的时间是由对象的引用位置决定的

 

那按他的意思,结合上面代码段输出的结果来分析因为最后两行代码swaroop,被调用使用了两个方法,所以swaroop对象才在kalam对象释放之后才被回收。

所以,我把代码修改一下。给Person增加了一个Invoke方法,这个方法什么也不做,只是为了延长对象的生命周期。代码如下:

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
#filename :objvar.py
class Person:
    population = 0
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
        print("initializing %s"%self.name)
        Person.population += 1
    def __del__(self):
        print("%s say bye"%self.name)
        Person.population -=1
        if Person.population == 0 :
            print ("I'm the last one")
        else:
            print ("There are still %d person left"%Person.population)
    def SayHi(self):
        print ("Hi,my name is %s"%self.name)
    def HowMany(self):
        if Person.population == 1:
            print("I am the only Person here")
        else:
            print ("We have %d person here"%Person.population)
    def Invoke(self):
        print("ok")
swaroop = Person("Swaroop") #initializing Swaroop
swaroop.SayHi()     #Hi,my name is Swaroop
swaroop.HowMany()   #I am the only Person here

kalam = Person("Kalam") #initializing Kalam
kalam.SayHi()   #Hi,my name is Kalam
kalam.HowMany() #We have 2 person here

swaroop.SayHi() #Hi,my name is Swaroop
swaroop.HowMany()   #We have 2 person here

kalam.Invoke() #ok
#Kalam say bye
#There are still 1 person left
#Swaroop say bye
#I'm the last one

看完以上的代码,在这儿我就很奇怪了。为了延长对象的生命周期,我专门在代码结尾运行了"kalam.invoke()",就是欲告诉系统在最后我还要使用kalam,请不要回收。但是运行的结果却告诉我回收的动作是在运行"kalam.invoke"之后才开始的,并且回收的顺序还是先回收kalam,后回收Swaroop.

 

可能2、对象的释放是由对象被创建的先后顺序来决定的?

 

难道是有根据对象创建的先后顺序来决定回收顺序的?就是所谓的:先创建后回收,后创建先回收的原则?不行,我要试一下:

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
#filename :objvar.py
class Person:
    population = 0
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
        print("initializing %s"%self.name)
        Person.population += 1
    def __del__(self):
        print("%s say bye"%self.name)
        Person.population -=1
        if Person.population == 0 :
            print ("I'm the last one")
        else:
            print ("There are still %d person left"%Person.population)
    def SayHi(self):
        print ("Hi,my name is %s"%self.name)
    def HowMany(self):
        if Person.population == 1:
            print("I am the only Person here")
        else:
            print ("We have %d person here"%Person.population)
    def Invoke(self):
        print("ok")


kalam = Person("Kalam") #initializing Kalam
kalam.SayHi()   #Hi,my name is Kalam
kalam.HowMany() #I am the only Person here

swaroop = Person("Swaroop") #initializing Swaroop
swaroop.SayHi()     #Hi,my name is Swaroop
swaroop.HowMany()   #We have 2 person here

swaroop.SayHi() #Hi,my name is Swaroop
swaroop.HowMany()   #We have 2 person here

kalam.Invoke() #ok
#Kalam say bye
#There are still 1 person left
#Swaroop say bye
#I'm the last one

事实上,我再一次被它打败了。很显然,以上代码表明:虽然把swaroop和kalam对象的创建顺序进行了调整,但还是没有改变他们被释放的先后顺序。

 

可能3、对象的释放顺序是由对象的引用的变量决定的。

 

当我想到这个可能的时候也觉得挺不可思议的,但上面的代码kalam和swaroop怎么调整释放顺序也不改变,我觉得可以放手试一下。

 

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
#filename :objvar.py
class Person:
    population = 0
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name
        print("initializing %s"%self.name)
        Person.population += 1
    def __del__(self):
        print("%s say bye"%self.name)
        Person.population -=1
        if Person.population == 0 :
            print ("I'm the last one")
        else:
            print ("There are still %d person left"%Person.population)
    def SayHi(self):
        print ("Hi,my name is %s"%self.name)
    def HowMany(self):
        if Person.population == 1:
            print("I am the only Person here")
        else:
            print ("We have %d person here"%Person.population)
    def Invoke(self):
        print("ok")

a = Person("Swaroop") #initializing Swaroop
a.SayHi()     #Hi,my name is Swaroop
a.HowMany()   #I am the only Person here

b = Person("Kalam") #initializing Kalam
b.SayHi()   #Hi,my name is Kalam
b.HowMany() #We have 2 person here

d= Person("Smithy")
d.SayHi()
d.HowMany()

c = Person("Jackson")
c.SayHi()
c.HowMany()

#Swaroop say bye
#There are still 3 person left
#Jackson say bye
#There are still 2 person left
#Kalam say bye
#There are still 1 person left
#Smithy say bye
#I'm the last one

看代码运行结果:

创建对象时顺序为:a-b-d-c(有意为之),而最终对象翻译顺序为:a-c-b-d

无药可救了。

我决定去最大的资源库---互联网上查阅一下相关的信息。