1. 起源

KV项目下载底层重构升级决定采用独立进程进行Media下载处理,以能做到模块复用之目的,因此涉及到了独立进程间的数据传递问题。

目前进程间数据传递,多用WM_COPYDATA、共享dll、内存映射、Remoting等方式。相对来说,WM_COPYDATA方式更为简便,网上更到处是其使用方法。

而且Marshal这个静态类,其内置多种方法,可以很方便实现字符串、结构体等数据在不同进程间传递。

那么,对象呢?如何传递? 

 

2、序列化

想到了,Newtonsoft.Json.dll这个神器。相对于内建的XmlSerializer这个东西,我更喜欢用Json。

那么,如此处理吧,我们来建个Demo解决方案,里面有HostApp、ClildApp两个项目,以做数据传递。 

 

3、ChildApp项目

先说这个,我没有抽取共用的数据单独出来,而做为Demo,直接写入此项目中,HostApp引用此项目,就可引用其中public出来的数据类型。

数据结构部分代码:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
    {
        public IntPtr dwData;
        public int cbData;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
        public string lpData;
    }

    [Serializable]
    public class Person
    {
        private string name;
        private int age;
        private List<Person> children;

        public Person(string name, int age)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            this.children = new List<Person>();
        }

        public string Name
        {
            get { return this.name; }
            set { this.name = value; }
        }

        public int Age
        {
            get { return this.age; }
            set { this.age = value; }
        }

        public List<Person> Children
        {
            get { return this.children; }
        }

        public void AddChildren()
        {
            this.children.Add(new Person("liuxm", 9));
            this.children.Add(new Person("liuhm", 7));
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            string info = string.Format("姓名:{0},年龄:{1}", this.name, this.age);
            if (this.children.Count != 0)
            {
                info += (this.children.Count == 1) ? "\r\n孩子:" : "\r\n孩子们:";
                foreach (var child in this.children)
                    info += "\r\n" + child.ToString();
            }
            return info;
        }
    }

 

窗体代码:

public partial class ChildForm : Form
    {
        public const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;

        private IntPtr hostHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
        Person person = new Person("liujw", 1999);

        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
        private static extern int SendMessage(
            IntPtr hWnd,               // handle to destination window
            int Msg,                   // message
            int wParam,                // first message parameter
            ref COPYDATASTRUCT lParam  // second message parameter
        );

        public ChildForm(string[] args)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            if (args.Length != 0)
                this.hostHandle = (IntPtr)int.Parse(args[0]);
        }

        private void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.person.Name = txtName.Text;
            int age;
            this.person.Age = int.TryParse(txtAge.Text, out age) ? age : 0;
            this.person.AddChildren();

            if (this.hostHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                string data = GetPersionStr();
                COPYDATASTRUCT cds = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
                cds.dwData = (IntPtr)901;
                cds.cbData = data.Length + 1;
                cds.lpData = data;
                SendMessage(this.hostHandle, WM_COPYDATA, 0, ref cds);
            }
        }

        private string GetPersionStr()
        {
            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(this.person);
        }
    }

这样在窗体按钮btnSubmit_Click事件中,完成了数据向HostApp的字符串形式传递。

如何获取宿主程序的窗口句柄呢?改造下ChildApp的Program.cs过程即可:

/// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            Application.Run(new ChildForm(args));
        }

 

3、HostApp项目

我们权且称之为宿主项目吧,其窗体代码为:

public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        public const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        
        protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
        {
            base.WndProc(ref m);
            switch (m.Msg)
            {
                case WM_COPYDATA:
                    COPYDATASTRUCT copyData = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
                    Type type = copyData.GetType();
                    copyData = (COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(type);
                    string data = copyData.lpData;
                    RestorePerson(data);
                    break;
            }
        }

        private void RestorePerson(string data)
        {
            var person = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Person>(data);
            if (person != null)
                txtInfo.Text = person.ToString();
        }

        private void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            RunChildProcess();
        }

        private void RunChildProcess()
        {
            string appPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(Application.ExecutablePath);
            string childPath = Path.Combine(appPath, "ChildApp.exe");
            Process.Start(childPath, this.Handle.ToString());
        }
    }

它的作用就是接收子进程传递回来的字串,用JsonConvert反序列化为Person对象。

是不是很简单呢?

其实就是用了WM_COPYDATA的字符串传递功能,加上Json的序列化、反序列化,而实现c#不同进程间的对象传递

 

4、效果图:

C# .net 进程间通 c# 进程间交互_c#

 

5、2017-03-24追加:

今天又发现用Json序列化较为复杂的字串时,出现转义错误,导致反序列化失败。于时改用二进制序列化,转其为base64字串进行传递,问题解决。

代码如下:

public static class SerializeHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 序列obj对象为base64字串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Serialize(object obj)
        {
            if (obj == null)
                return string.Empty;

            try
            {
                var formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
                var stream = new MemoryStream();
                formatter.Serialize(stream, obj);
                stream.Position = 0;
                byte[] buffer = new byte[stream.Length];
                stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                stream.Close();
                return Convert.ToBase64String(buffer);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("序列化{0}失败,原因:{1}", obj, ex.Message));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 反序列化字符串到对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="str">要转换为对象的字符串</param>
        /// <returns>反序列化出来的对象</returns>
        public static T Deserialize<T>(string str)
        {
            var obj = default(T);
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(str))
                return obj;

            try
            {
                var formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
                byte[] buffer = Convert.FromBase64String(str);
                MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(buffer);
                obj = (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
                stream.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("序列化{0}失败,原因:{1}", obj, ex.Message));
            }
            return obj;
        }
    }

 

 Json参考:http://www.newtonsoft.com/json