在Kubernetes中所有操作的内容,我们都称为“资源对象”,是由API Server基于HTTP/HTTPS接收并响应客户端的操作请求,是一种Restful风格的接口,将各种组件及操作内容都抽象成为标准的REST资源,如Namespace、Pod等,其中操作内容以JSON或yml格式数据进行操作。

  本文讲解的是Kubernetes中的最为重要的一节——资源清单,我们想要在Kubernetes中部署Pod、Service等资源对象,都需要通过资源清单的方式来部署,无论是通过命令kubectl,还是可视化控制台,都是离不开资源清单的定义本文重点讲述资源清单如何定义、如何创建及使用。

  1、资源分类

  根据资源的功能进行资源分类,Kubernetes资源对象可分为:

  工作负载(Workload):Pod、ReplicaSet、Deployment、StatefulSet、DaemonSet、Job、CronJob。

  发现和负载均衡(Discovery & LB):Service 、Ingress。

  配置和存储(Config & Storage): Volume(存储卷)、CSI(容器存储接口,可以扩展各种各样的第三方存储卷)。

  集群(Cluster):Namespace、Node、RoleClusterRole、RoleBinding(角色绑定)、ClusterRoleBinding(集群角色绑定)。

  元数据(Metadata):HPA、PodTemplate(Pod模板,用于让控制器创建Pod时使用的模板)、LimitRange(用来定义硬件资源限制的)。

  一个应用通常需要多个资源的支撑,例如,使用Deployment资源管理应用实例(Pod)、使用ConfigMap资源保存应用配置、使用Service或Ingress资源暴露服务、使用Volume资源提供外部存储等。

  2.资源清单

  资源清单,等同于一个剧本,能够告诉我们每一步应该怎么去做,Kubernetes接收到这么一个剧本,就能够按照这个剧本去执行,以达到我们的预期。

  在Kubernetes中,一般都是通过定义资源清单的方式去创建资源。一般使用yaml格式的文件来创建符合我们预期期望的资源,这样的yaml文件我们称为资源清单。(也可以定义为json格式)

  如,创建一个Pod资源:

 

apiVersion: v1
  kind: Pod
  metadata:
  name: vue-frontend
  namespace: test
  labels:
  app: vue-frontend
  spec:
  containers:
  - name: vue-frontend
  image: xcbeyond/vue-frontend:latest
  ports:
  - name: port
  containerPort: 80
  hostPort: 8080
  接下来,以Pod资源定义为例展开对资源清单的详细说明。
  2.1 资源清单定义
  yaml格式的Pod资源清单定义文件的完整内容如下:
  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Pod # 资源类别
  metadata: # 资源元数据
  name: string
  namespace: string
  labels:
  - name: string
  annotations:
  - name: string
  spec: # 资源期望的状态
  containers: # 容器列表
  - name: string # 容器名称,下面的属性均属于对该容器的定义或约束
  image: string
  imagePullPolicy: [Always|Never|IfNotPresent]
  command: [string]
  args: [string]
  workingDir: string
  volumeMounts:
  - name: string
  mountPath: string
  readOnly: boolean
  ports:
  - name: string
  containerPort: int
  hostPort: int
  protocol: string
  env:
  - name: string
  value: string
  resources:
  limits:
  cpu: string
  memory: string
  requests:
  cpu: string
  memory: string
  livenssProbe:
  exec:
  command: [string]
  httpGet:
  path: string
  port: number
  host: string
  scheme: string
  httpHeaders:
  - name: string
  value: string
  tcpSocket:
  port: number
  initialDelaySeconds: 0
  timeoutSeconds: 0
  periodSeconds: 0
  successThreshold: 0
  failureThreshold: 0
  ……

  对各属性的详细说明如下表所示:

  (必选属性,是必须存在的,否则创建失败。)

  

kubernetes对接对象存储 kubernetes的资源对象_git

 

  

kubernetes对接对象存储 kubernetes的资源对象_sed_02

 

  

kubernetes对接对象存储 kubernetes的资源对象_sed_03

 

  

kubernetes对接对象存储 kubernetes的资源对象_git_04

 

  上述列举的是常用的属性,如果想查看全部属性,可以使用命令kubectl explain pod:

[xcbeyond@bogon ~]$ kubectl explain pod
  KIND: Pod
  VERSION: v1
  DESCRIPTION:
  Pod is a collection of containers that can run on a host. This resource is
  created by clients and scheduled onto hosts.
  FIELDS:
  apiVersion
  APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an
  object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal
  value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info:
  
  kind
  Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this object
  represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client submits
  requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info:
  
  metadata
  Standard object's metadata. More info:
 
  spec
  Specification of the desired behavior of the pod. More info:
 
  status
  Most recently observed status of the pod. This data may not be up to date.
  Populated by the system. Read-only. More info:
  
  查看属性说明,使用如下命令,如:查看pod.spec.containers
  [xcbeyond@bogon ~]$ kubectl explain pod.spec.containers
  KIND: Pod
  VERSION: v1
  RESOURCE: containers
  DESCRIPTION:
  List of containers belonging to the pod. Containers cannot currently be
  added or removed. There must be at least one container in a Pod. Cannot be
  updated.
  A single application container that you want to run within a pod.
  FIELDS:
  args
  Arguments to the entrypoint. The docker image's CMD is used if this is not
  provided. Variable references $(VAR_NAME) are expanded using the
  container's environment. If a variable cannot be resolved, the reference in
  the input string will be unchanged. The $(VAR_NAME) syntax can be escaped
  with a double $$, ie: $$(VAR_NAME). Escaped references will never be
  expanded, regardless of whether the variable exists or not. Cannot be
  updated. More info:
 
  command
  Entrypoint array. Not executed within a shell. The docker image's
  ENTRYPOINT is used if this is not provided. Variable references $(VAR_NAME)
  are expanded using the container's environment. If a variable cannot be
  resolved, the reference in the input string will be unchanged. The
  $(VAR_NAME) syntax can be escaped with a double $$, ie: $$(VAR_NAME).
  Escaped references will never be expanded, regardless of whether the
  variable exists or not. Cannot be updated. More info: