文章目录

  • (1)首先查看 secure-file-priv 的设置情况
  • (2)修改 secure-file-priv 的值
  • (3)设置MySQL
  • (4)再次查看状态
  • (5)数据的导入/导出
  • (6)注意



今天在操作数据库的时候遇到了数据库导入导出的问题,具体报错内容如下:

ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement

我的解决办法:

(1)首先查看 secure-file-priv 的设置情况

在终端进入 MySQL后输入命令show variables like 'secure_file_priv';

secure-file-priv 有三种情况:NULL / ‘path’(设置好的路径) /空。

NULL 表示数据的导入和导出被限制
‘path’ 表示数据的导入和导出都要在这个路径下进行
空 表示数据的导入和导出不受限制

MySQL 中默认情况下 secure-file-priv 的设置为 NULL,如下:

+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| secure_file_priv  |  NULL |
+------------------+-------+
(2)修改 secure-file-priv 的值

正常情况下应该在 my.cnf 文件中进行配置,但是在电脑里找了好多地方都没有my.cnf文件,因此结合网上的一些说法,我在 /etc/ 下面自己新建了 my.cnf 文件,文件中所写内容如下:

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.  
  #  
  # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays  
  # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with  
  # other programs (such as a web server)  
  #  
  # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of  
  # locations which depend on the deployment platform.  
  # You can copy this option file to one of those  
  # locations. For information about these locations, see:  
  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html  
  #  
  # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.  
  # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program  
  # with the "--help" option.  
  # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients  
  [client]
  default-character-set=utf8
  password   = "机器的mysql密码"
  port        = 3306  
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock   
  # Here follows entries for some specific programs  
  # The MySQL server  
  [mysqld]
  character-set-server=utf8
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
  port        = 3306  
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  
  skip-external-locking  
  key_buffer_size = 16M  
  max_allowed_packet = 1M  
  table_open_cache = 64  
  sort_buffer_size = 512K  
  net_buffer_length = 8K  
  read_buffer_size = 256K  
  read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K  
  myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M  
  character-set-server=utf8  
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' 
  secure_file_priv=''
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,  
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.  
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.  
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows  
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!  
#   
#skip-networking  

  # Replication Master Server (default)  
  # binary logging is required for replication  
  log-bin=mysql-bin  

    # binary logging format - mixed recommended  
    binlog_format=mixed  

      # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1  
      # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set  
      # but will not function as a master if omitted  
      server-id   = 1  

    # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)  
    #  
    # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between  
    # two methods :  
    #  
    # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -  
    #    the syntax is:  
    #  
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,  
    #    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;  
    #  
    #    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and  
    #    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).  
    #  
    #    Example:  
    #  
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,  
    #    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';  
    #  
    # OR  
    #  
    # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then  
    #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example  
    #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to  
    #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later  
    #    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and  
    #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown  
    #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.  
    #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched  
    #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)  
    #  
    # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1  
    # (and different from the master)  
    # defaults to 2 if master-host is set  
    # but will not function as a slave if omitted  
    #server-id       = 2  
    #  
    # The replication master for this slave - required  
    #master-host     =   <hostname>  
    #  
    # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting  
    # to the master - required  
    #master-user     =   <username>  
    #  
    # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to  
    # the master - required  
    #master-password =   <password>  
    #  
    # The port the master is listening on.  
    # optional - defaults to 3306  
    #master-port     =  <port>  
    #  
    # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended  
    #log-bin=mysql-bin  

      # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables  
      #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
      #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend  
      #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
      # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %  
      # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high  
      #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M  
      #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M  
      # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size  
      #innodb_log_file_size = 5M  
      #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M  
      #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1  
      #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50  

        [mysqldump]  
        quick  
        max_allowed_packet = 16M  

          [mysql]  
          no-auto-rehash  
          # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  
          #safe-updates  
          default-character-set=utf8   

        [myisamchk]  
        key_buffer_size = 20M  
        sort_buffer_size = 20M  
        read_buffer = 2M  
        write_buffer = 2M  

          [mysqlhotcopy]  
          interactive-timeout

[mysqld]
local-infile=1
[mysql]
local-infile=1

以上 cnf 文件中的内容是结合了网上资料自己整理的,注意两点:
1)password 处要写自己Mac的mysql密码。
2)secure_file_priv 可根据自己的需求自行设定,此处我选择的是’ '🈳️的形式,即导入和导出不受限制。

tips:在MacOS下,cnf文件用 VSCode 写会方便一些,可以直接复制路径用于之后的操作。涉及到权限问题,可以通过输入电脑密码解决。

(3)设置MySQL

在系统偏好设置中找到 MySQL,在 Configuration 里面,找到 Configuration File,并设置路径为'/private/etc/my.cnf',也可以点击输入框后面的 select 按钮,进行图形化界面的选取。Configuration File 前面要打勾。完成后选择右下角的 Apply。接下来停止并重新开启MySQL,可以通过在终端输入命令的方式,具体命令见下文;也可以在系统偏好设置中的 MySQL下面的Instances里面点击Stop MySQL Server,再重新Start MySQL Server,两种方式都可以。具体命令如下:

  • 启动:sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
  • 停止:sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
  • 重启:sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart

在重启MySQL后别忘记在终端也要退出MySQL再重新进入(mysql -uroot -p)

(4)再次查看状态

此时从终端再次进入 MySQL 后查看 secure-file-priv(查询语句上文有提及),此时结果应该为空,如下:

+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| secure_file_priv  |       |
+------------------+-------+

此时表示修改成功

(5)数据的导入/导出

此时就可以可以进行数据的导入和导出了。虽然secure_file_priv设置为空,理论上可以任意导入导出到任何文件目录下,但经过测试仍然无法把数据导出到桌面或其他路径,具体报错内容如下:

Can't get stat of 'xxxxxxx' (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)
File 'xxxxxxx' not found (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)

结合网上一些分析,这可能与文件的读写权限有关,此处不再做深入讨论(其实也搞不懂hhh🤤),但是在 ‘/tmp/’ 路径下是可以对文件进行导入导出的。胖友们可以在这个目录下导入or导出csv格式的文件。

(6)注意
  • 在导入数据的时候,要注明是 local 文件,即load data local infile xxxxxxxx,在 data 和 infile 中间加上 local。
  • 此时就可以进行数据的导入和导出了,两种操作都是在 ‘/tmp/’ 路径下完成的。

导入导出语句:

导入:
load data local infile "文件名(路径)"
into table 表名
fields terminated by "分隔符"
lines terminated by "\n"
导出:
select ... from 表名
into outfile "文件名(路径)"
fields terminated by "分隔符"
lines terminated by "分隔符";

最后祝大家导入导出开心!