MSYS2

Windows的软件分发和构建平台

MSYS2是工具和库的集合，为您提供了一个易于使用的环境，用于构建，安装和运行本机Windows软件。

它由一个名为mintty的命令行终端 ，bash，git和subversion之类的版本控制系统，tar和awk之类的工具，甚至是autotools之类的构建系统，全部基于Cygwin的修改版。尽管其中一些中心部分基于Cygwin，但MSYS2的主要重点是为本机Windows软件提供构建环境，并使使用Cygwin的部分最少。MSYS2为GCC，mingw-w64，CPython，CMake，Meson，OpenSSL，FFmpeg，Rust，Ruby等提供了最新的本机版本。

为了提供易于安装的软件包并保持更新状态，它具有一个名为Pacman的软件包管理系统，Arch Linux用户应该熟悉该系统 。它带来了许多强大的功能，例如依赖性解析和简单的完整系统升级，以及直接且可复制的程序包构建。我们的软件包存储库包含2000多个预安装的软件包，可供安装。

有关更多详细信息，请参见“什么是MSYS2？”。还将MSYS2与其他软件发行版和开发环境（如 Cygwin， WSL， Chocolatey，Scoop等）和“谁在使用MSYS2？”进行了比较。查看哪些项目正在使用MSYS2以及用于什么项目。

安装

  1. 下载安装程序： msys2-x86_64-20201109.exeSHA256校验和： 274a11559ede8b892da63dacab30dcf968b811fe21caccc9a1fb9137a5e56062
  2. 运行安装程序。MSYS2需要64位Windows 7或更高版本。
  3. 输入所需的安装文件夹（短ASCII路径，没有重音符号，没有空格，没有符号链接，没有替代或网络驱动器）。
  4. 完成后，勾选立即运行MSYS2。
  5. 更新软件包数据库和基本软件包。除非您的安装文件是最新的，否则将需要两个步骤。第一次运行pacman -Syu：
$ pacman -Syu
:: Synchronizing package databases...
 mingw32                        805.0 KiB
 mingw32.sig                    438.0   B
 mingw64                        807.9 KiB
 mingw64.sig                    438.0   B
 msys                           289.3 KiB
 msys.sig                       438.0   B
:: Starting core system upgrade...
warning: terminate other MSYS2 programs before proceeding
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (6) bash-5.1.004-1  filesystem-2021.01-1
             mintty-1~3.4.4-1  msys2-runtime-3.1.7-4
             pacman-5.2.2-9  pacman-mirrors-20201208-1

Total Download Size:   11.05 MiB
Total Installed Size:  53.92 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:      -1.24 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] Y
:: Retrieving packages...
 bash-5.1.004-1-x86_64            2.3 MiB
 filesystem-2021.01-1-any        33.2 KiB
 mintty-1~3.4.4-1-x86_64        767.2 KiB
 msys2-runtime-3.1.7-4-x86_64     2.6 MiB
 pacman-mirrors-20201208-1-any    3.8 KiB
 pacman-5.2.2-9-x86_64            5.4 MiB
(6/6) checking keys in keyring       100%
(6/6) checking package integrity     100%
(6/6) loading package files          100%
(6/6) checking for file conflicts    100%
(6/6) checking available disk space  100%
:: Processing package changes...
(1/6) upgrading bash                 100%
(2/6) upgrading filesystem           100%
(3/6) upgrading mintty               100%
(4/6) upgrading msys2-runtime        100%
(5/6) upgrading pacman-mirrors       100%
(6/6) upgrading pacman               100%
:: Running post-transaction hooks...
(1/1) Updating the info directory file...
      0 [main] pacman (42236) C:\msys64\usr\bin\pacman.exe: *** fatal error - cygheap base mismatch detected - 0x18034B408/0x180345408.
This problem is probably due to using incompatible versions of the cygwin DLL.
Search for cygwin1.dll using the Windows Start->Find/Search facility
and delete all but the most recent version.  The most recent version *should*
reside in x:\cygwin\bin, where 'x' is the drive on which you have
installed the cygwin distribution.  Rebooting is also suggested if you
are unable to find another cygwin DLL.
      0 [main] pacman 427 dofork: child -1 - forked process 42236 died unexpectedly, retry 0, exit code 0xC0000142, errno 11
error: could not fork a new process (Resource temporarily unavailable)
:: To complete this update all MSYS2 processes including this terminal will be closed. Confirm to proceed [Y/n] Y

最后的错误是预期的，不会成为问题。

  1. 从“开始”菜单运行“ MSYS2 MSYS”。使用以下命令更新其余的基本软件包pacman -Su：
$ pacman -Su
:: Starting core system upgrade...
 there is nothing to do
:: Starting full system upgrade...
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (20) base-2020.12-1  bsdtar-3.5.0-1
              [... more packages listed ...]

Total Download Size:   12.82 MiB
Total Installed Size:  44.25 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:       3.01 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] Y
[... downloading and installation continues ...]
  1. 现在，MSYS2已为您准备就绪。您可能需要安装一些工具和mingw-w64 GCC才能开始编译：
$ pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
warning: file-5.39-2 is up to date -- skipping
[... more warnings ...]
:: There are 48 members in group base-devel:
:: Repository msys
   1) asciidoc  2) autoconf  3) autoconf2.13  4) autogen
   [... more packages listed ...]

Enter a selection (default=all): all
:: There are 19 members in group mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain:
:: Repository mingw64
   1) mingw-w64-x86_64-binutils  2) mingw-w64-x86_64-crt-git
   [... more packages listed ...]

Enter a selection (default=all): alll
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (123) docbook-xml-4.5-2  docbook-xsl-1.79.2-1
               [... more packages listed ...]
               m4-1.4.18-2  make-4.3-1  man-db-2.9.3-1
               mingw-w64-x86_64-binutils-2.35.1-3
               mingw-w64-x86_64-crt-git-9.0.0.6090.ad98746a-1
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-10.2.0-6
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-ada-10.2.0-6
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-fortran-10.2.0-6
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-libgfortran-10.2.0-6
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-libs-10.2.0-6
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc-objc-10.2.0-6
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gdb-10.1-2
               mingw-w64-x86_64-gdb-multiarch-10.1-2
              [... more packages listed ...]

Total Download Size:    196.15 MiB
Total Installed Size:  1254.96 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] Y
[... downloading and installation continues ...]
  1. 要使用mingw-w64 GCC开始构建，请关闭此窗口并从“开始”菜单运行“ MSYS MinGW 64位”。现在，您可以致电make或gcc构建Windows的软件。
  2. 请查看介绍页面，以了解何时使用哪个“开始”菜单项以及要安装哪些软件包。查看 有关故障排除的《详细MSYS2安装指南》以及有关如何使MSYS2保持最新状态的其他详细信息。