1.继承Thread类,重写run方法(其实Thread类本身也实现了Runnable接口)

2.实现Runnable接口,重写run方法

3.实现Callable接口,重写call方法(有返回值)

4.使用线程池(有返回值)

 

1.继承Thread类,重写run方法

  每次创建一个新的线程,都要新建一个Thread子类的对象

  启动线程,new Thread子类().start()

  创建线程实际调用的是父类Thread空参的构造器

public class MyThread {

    public static void main(String ards[]){
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            new ExtendsThread().start();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
    
}

class ExtendsThread extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

 

2.实现Runnable接口,重写run方法

  不论创建多少个线程,只需要创建一个Runnable接口实现类的对象

  启动线程,new Thread(Runnable接口实现类的对象).start()

   创建线程调用的是Thread类Runable类型参数的构造器

public class MyThread {

    public static void main(String ards[]){
        Runnable implRunnable = new ImplRunnable();
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            new Thread(implRunnable).start();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
    
}

class ImplRunnable implements Runnable{
    private volatile  int i = 0;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--"+ i++);
        
    }
}

 

3.实现Callable接口,重写call方法(有返回值)

  自定义类实现Callable接口时,必须指定泛型,该泛型即返回值的类型

  每次创建一个新的线程,都要创建一个新的Callable接口的实现类、

  如何启动线程?

    (1)创建一个Callable接口的实现类的对象

    (2)创建一个FutureTask对象,传入Callable类型的参数

        public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable){……}

    (3)调用Thread类重载的参数为Runnable的构造器创建Thread对象

        将FutureTask作为参数传递

        public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V>

        public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V>

  如何获取返回值?

    调用FutureTask类的get()方法

public class MyThread {

    public static void main(String ards[]) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException{

        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            Callable<Integer> implCallable = new ImplCallable();
            FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(implCallable);
            new Thread(futureTask).start();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"----"+futureTask.get());
        }

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
    
}

class ImplCallable implements Callable<Integer>{

    @Override
    public Integer call() throws Exception {
        int result = 0;
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            result += i;
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
        return result;
    }

}

4.线程池

Executors类

/**
 *
 * 线程池
 * 跟数据库连接池类似
 * 避免了线程的创建和销毁造成的额外开销
 *
 * java.util.concurrent
 *
 * Executor    负责现成的使用和调度的根接口
 *    |--ExecutorService    线程池的主要接口
 *          |--ThreadPoolExecutor    线程池的实现类
 *          |--ScheduledExecutorService    接口,负责线程的调度
 *              |--ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor    (extends ThreadPoolExecutor implements ScheduledExecutorService)
 *
 *
 * Executors工具类
 * 提供了创建线程池的方法
 *
 */
public class ThreadPool {
    public static void main(String[] args){

        //使用Executors工具类中的方法创建线程池
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

        ThreadPoolDemo demo = new ThreadPoolDemo();

        //为线程池中的线程分配任务,使用submit方法,传入的参数可以是Runnable的实现类,也可以是Callable的实现类
        for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){
            pool.submit(demo);
        }

        //关闭线程池
        //shutdown : 以一种平和的方式关闭线程池,在关闭线程池之前,会等待线程池中的所有的任务都结束,不在接受新任务
        //shutdownNow : 立即关闭线程池
        pool.shutdown();


    }
}
class ThreadPoolDemo implements Runnable{

    /**多线程的共享数据*/
    private int i = 0;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(i<=50){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---"+ i++);
        }
    }
}
public class ThreadPool2 {
    
    public static void main(String args[]){
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
        
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
            Future<Integer> future = executorService.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {

                @Override
                public Integer call() throws Exception {
                    int result = 0;
                    for(int i=0;i<=10;i++){
                        result += i;
                    }
                    return result;
                }
            });
            
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--"+future.get());
            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
        executorService.shutdown();

    }

}

 eg:带返回值

public class Testxc { //带返回值
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        FutureTask futureTask = new FutureTask(new MyCallable("2"));
        Thread thread = new Thread(futureTask);
        thread.start();
        if(!futureTask.isDone())
            System.out.println("task has not finished!");
        System.out.println(futureTask.get());
    }

    static class MyCallable implements Callable<Object> {
        private String taskNum;  //传入的参数

        MyCallable( String taskNum ) {
            this.taskNum = taskNum;
        }

        MyCallable() {

        }

        public Object call() throws Exception {
            System.out.println(">>>" + taskNum + "任务启动");
            Date dateTmp1 = new Date();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            Date dateTmp2 = new Date();
            long time = dateTmp2.getTime() - dateTmp1.getTime();
            System.out.println(">>>" + taskNum + "任务终止");
            return taskNum + "任务返回运行结果,当前任务时间【" + time + "毫秒】";
        }

    }
}

 无返回值:

public class Test {
    
    public static void main(String args[]){
        WorkThread wtd = new WorkThread("1");
        wtd.start();
    }

    static class WorkThread extends Thread {
        // 用于停止线程
        private boolean stopThread = true;
        private String taskNum;

        public void stopThread() {
            stopThread = false;
        }

        /***
         * @param taskNum
         */
        public WorkThread(String taskNum) {
            super();
            this.taskNum = taskNum;
        }

        public void run() {
            while (stopThread) {
                try {
                    System.out.println(">>>" + taskNum + "任务启动");
                    Date dateTmp1 = new Date();
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    Date dateTmp2 = new Date();
                    long time = dateTmp2.getTime() - dateTmp1.getTime();
                    System.out.println(">>>" + taskNum + "任务终止");
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    this.stopThread();
                } finally {
                    this.stopThread();
                }
            }
        }
    }

}