古人云:温故而知新。趁周末,重新来学习了一遍servlet + mybatis 实现mysql的增删改查,算是对自己学习的一个总结和记录。
开门见山,首先我们来看一下项目目录结构:

不难发现这是一个maven的项目结构。既然是maven项目,我们来看看使用servlet + mybatis 需要使用到哪些jar包,pom.xml文件代码如下:
<project xmlns="http:///POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http:///POM/4.0.0 http:///maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.sunshine</groupId>
<artifactId>ssm</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>ssm</name>
<url>http://</url>
<!--设置版本信息-->
<properties>
<jdk.version>1.8</jdk.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.12</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.14</log4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<!--log4j日志支持-->
<!-- 日志文件管理包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 格式化对象,方便输出日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.1.41</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<!--mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql 使用5.X版本-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--servlet-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>ssm</finalName>
<!--配置编译jdk版本-->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
其中servlet使用到了一个包,连接mysql数据库需要用一个包,注意是使用5.X版本,mybatis也是使用到了一个包,除了这三个还导入到了log4j日志管理的相关包,以方便日志的输出和管理,log4j需要用到哪些包上面代码已标出。使用了log4j除了需要导入以上所示的jar包之外还需要在项目的支援文件夹(resources)中加入log4j.properties文件。代码如下:
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,Console,File
#定义日志输出目的地为控制台
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.Target=System.out
#可以灵活地指定日志输出格式,下面一行是指定具体的格式
log4j.appender.Console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p] [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%c] - %m%n
#文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件
log4j.appender.File = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
#指定输出目录
log4j.appender.File.File = logs/ssm.log
#定义文件最大大小
log4j.appender.File.MaxFileSize = 10MB
# 输出所以日志,如果换成DEBUG表示输出DEBUG以上级别日志
log4j.appender.File.Threshold = ALL
log4j.appender.File.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.File.layout.ConversionPattern =[%p] [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%c]%m%n
log4j.properties文件内容可以根据自己需要来进行不同的配置。配置完log4j文件后,开始进入本次的主题。
在资源文件夹下面配置mybatis-config.xml配置文件,配置文件内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/shiro" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="1111" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="usersMapping.xml" />
</mappers>
</configuration>
特别是要注意的是property的几个属性deriver,url,username,password。driver就是连接数据库的驱动,这里要注意的是,导入的mysql驱动包版本是6.0之前的后面的value都是填写com.mysql.jdbc.Driver,与6.0及以上填写的value会不同。剩下的url,username,password就是连接数据库的地址,用户名和密码,根据自己连接的数据库正确填写即可。mybatis-config.xml配置文件中还有一段代码:
<mappers>
<mapper resource="usersMapping.xml" />
</mappers>
这段代码就是设置了一个映射文件usersMapping.xml,这个映射文件我们在后面会讲到。我们先来看看这次需要进行增删改查的数据库:
使用了数据库shiro下的users表,其他的可以忽略。users表下有id,username,password,password_salt四个字段,这里要注意的是建表的时候,id要设置为自曾,如果是使用可视化工具,设置可参考如下图:

数据库创建完后,我们来创建users表对应的实体Users.java,代码如下:
package com.sunshine.bean;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* Created by WH on 2016/12/3.
*/
public class Users implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8209492142737702621L;
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String password_salt;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getPassword_salt() {
return password_salt;
}
public void setPassword_salt(String password_salt) {
this.password_salt = password_salt;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Users{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", password_salt='" + password_salt + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
创建好实体后,开始创建myatis的sqlSession工厂类,用于获得SqlSessionFactory,GetSqlSessionFactory.java类代码如下:
package com.sunshine.util;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
/**
* Created by WH on 2016/12/3.
*
* 使用单例模式获取SqlSessionFactory
*/
public class GetSqlSessionFactory {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GetSqlSessionFactory.class);
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
/**
* 私有构造方法,使该类不可创建新对象
*/
private GetSqlSessionFactory(){
}
/**
* 使用同步锁
* @return sql session 工厂
*/
synchronized public static SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory(){
if (sqlSessionFactory == null){
//获取资源文件流
String resorce = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = null;
try {
inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resorce);
} catch (IOException e) {
LOGGER.error("Get Resource Error:", e);
}
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
}
return sqlSessionFactory;
}
}
获取sqlSessionFactory使用单例模式。因为一旦创建SqlSessionFactory对象后,该对象应该在应用的整个执行中都需要存在,不必要每次获取一次sqlSession都需要创建一次session工厂对象,所以这里最佳的方式就是写一个单利模式。创建SqlSessionFactory对象后,我们来通过该对象获得SqlSession。获得SqlSession我们写在另外一个类中GetSqlSession.java,代码如下:
package com.sunshine.util;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Created by WH on 2016/12/3.
*/
public class GetSqlSession {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GetSqlSession.class);
private static ThreadLocal<SqlSession> tl = new ThreadLocal<SqlSession>();
/**
* 获取SqlSession
* @return sqlSession
*/
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
SqlSession sqlSession = tl.get();
if (sqlSession == null){
sqlSession = GetSqlSessionFactory.getSqlSessionFactory().openSession();
tl.set(sqlSession);
}
("Get SqlSession hashCode : {}." , sqlSession.hashCode());
return sqlSession;
}
/**
* 提交事物
*/
public static void commit(){
if (tl.get() != null){
tl.get().commit();
tl.get().close();
tl.set(null);
("SqlSession commit.");
}
}
/**
* 回滚事务
*/
public static void rollback(){
if (tl.get() != null){
tl.get().rollback();
tl.get().close();
tl.set(null);
("SqlSession rollback.");
}
}
}
这个类中主要有三个方法,一个是获取SqlSession,一个是用于增删改查完成后提交事务,一个是用于增删改查错误后回滚事务,以免数据库产生脏数据。以上的这一切都准备好后我们开始来写servlet类,先来一个查询类GetUsersServlet.java代码如下:
package com.sunshine.servlet;
import com.sunshine.bean.Users;
import com.sunshine.util.GetSqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by WH on 2016/12/3.
*/
@WebServlet(name = "GetUsersServlet", value = "/getUsersById")
public class GetUsersServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GetUsersServlet.class);
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Users users = null;
try {
SqlSession sqlSession = GetSqlSession.getSqlSession();
users = sqlSession.selectOne("users.sql.getUsersById", 3);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("select error", e);
GetSqlSession.rollback();
} finally {
GetSqlSession.commit();
}
System.out.println(users.toString());
}
}
这里需要注意的是@WebServlet(name = "GetUsersServlet", value = "/getUsersById")一定要写上value并给value赋值,这是通过浏览器访问这个类的路径,所以千万别忘记了。写到这里似乎少了些什么,代码中也出现了一段让人难以理解的代码:
users = sqlSession.selectOne("users.sql.getUsersById", 3);
嗯,对。"users.sql.getUsersById"这就是前面提到的在mybatis-config.xml配置文件中的映射文件usersMapping.xml,我们来看看这映射文件写了什么:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="users.sql">
<!--查询Sql-->
<select id="getUsersById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.sunshine.bean.Users">
select * from
users where id = #{id}
</select>
<!--新增-->
<insert id="insertUsers" parameterType="com.sunshine.bean.Users"
useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into
users(username, password, password_salt)
values(#{username}, #{password}, #{password_salt})
</insert>
<!--删除-->
<delete id="deleteUsersById" parameterType="int">
delete from
users where id=#{id}
</delete>
<!--更新-->
<update id="updateUsersById" parameterType="com.sunshine.bean.Users">
update users
set
username=#{username},password=#{password},password_salt=#{password_salt}
where id=#{id}
</update>
</mapper>
这里我们要注意的是映射文件中的<mapper namespace="users.sql">这段代码和各查询、新增、删除和更新Sql的id。看了这些我们就不难理解刚刚让我们难以理解的句代码users = sqlSession.selectOne("users.sql.getUsersById", 3);了,表示的就是使用了namespace="users.sql"中的查询sql。
到这里,前期的所有工作也基本完成,我们开始启动程序,启动好程序后在浏览器输入http://localhost:8082/ssm/getUsersById请求我们刚刚的写的servlet类GetUsersServlet.java。看看控制台发生了什么:

数据库数据:

查询结果正确。
数据查询出来,我们来新增个数据,新增数据的servlet类InsertUsersServlet.java代码如下:
package com.sunshine.servlet;
import com.sunshine.bean.Users;
import com.sunshine.util.GetSqlSession;
import com.sunshine.util.GetSqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Created by WH on 2016/12/3.
*/
@WebServlet(name = "InsertUsersServlet", value = "/insertUsers")
public class InsertUsersServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GetSqlSessionFactory.class);
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Users users = new Users();
users.setUsername("liu");
users.setPassword("123456");
try {
SqlSession sqlSession = GetSqlSession.getSqlSession();
sqlSession.insert("users.sql.insertUsers", users);
System.out.println("新增成功!新增id为:" + users.getId());
} catch (Exception e){
GetSqlSession.rollback();
LOGGER.error("insert error", e);
} finally {
GetSqlSession.commit();
}
}
}
写好后,重启服务,输入地址:http://localhost:8082/ssm/insertUsers,运行结果如下:

看数据库是否真插入成功:

至此已完成了查询和新增,修改删除读者可自己验证。修改片段代码如下:
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Users users = new Users();
SqlSession sqlSession = GetSqlSession.getSqlSession();
try {
users = sqlSession.selectOne("users.sql.getUsersById", 3);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("select error", e);
GetSqlSession.rollback();
}
System.out.println(users.toString());
users.setUsername("WeiHong");
try {
sqlSession.update("users.sql.updateUsersById", users);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("updateUsersById error", e);
GetSqlSession.rollback();
} finally {
GetSqlSession.commit();
}
}
删除部分代码如下:
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
SqlSession sqlSession = GetSqlSession.getSqlSession();
try {
sqlSession.delete("users.sql.deleteUsersById", 4);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("delete error", e);
GetSqlSession.rollback();
} finally {
GetSqlSession.commit();
}
}
至此,servlet+mybatis 实现mysql的增删改查实例已经完成。
















