声明:本文非原创;

在程序员开发过程中,Map有着利用率占比是非常高;很多时间我们只知其用,不知其理;写这个随笔的目的也是希望对伙伴们对Map的理解有一点帮助。

类型介绍

java自带各种Map类。统一可分为三个类型:

1通用Map,用于在应用程序中管理映射,通常在java,util包中实现

HashMap,HashTable,properties,LinkedHashMap,IdentityHashMap,treeMap,weakHashMap,ConcurrentHashMap

2专用Map,通常我们不必建此类Map,而是通过某些其他类进行访问

java.util.jar.Attributes、javax.print.attribute.standard.PrinterStateReasons、java.security.Provider、java.awt.RenderingHints、javax.swing.UIDefaults;

3. 一个用于帮助我们实现自己的Map类的抽象类

AbstractMap

类型区别

HashMap

最常用的Map,它根据键的HashCode 值存储数据,根据键可以直接获取它的值,具有很快的访问速度。HashMap最多只允许一条记录的键为Null(多条会覆盖);允许多条记录的值为 Null。非同步的。

TreeMap

能够把它保存的记录根据键(key)排序,默认是按升序排序,也可以指定排序的比较器,当用Iterator 遍历TreeMap时,得到的记录是排过序的。TreeMap不允许key的值为null。非同步的。 
Hashtable

与 HashMap类似,不同的是:key和value的值均不允许为null;它支持线程的同步,即任一时刻只有一个线程能写Hashtable,因此也导致了Hashtale在写入时会比较慢。 
LinkedHashMap

保存了记录的插入顺序,在用Iterator遍历LinkedHashMap时,先得到的记录肯定是先插入的.在遍历的时候会比HashMap慢。key和value均允许为空,非同步的。

四种常用Map插入与读取性能比较


 



public class Test {

    static int hashMapW = 0;

    static int hashMapR = 0;

    static int linkMapW = 0;

    static int linkMapR = 0;

    static int treeMapW = 0;

    static int treeMapR = 0;

    static int hashTableW = 0;

    static int hashTableR = 0;

 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

            Test test = new Test();

            test.test(100 * 10000);

            System.out.println();

        }

 

        System.out.println("hashMapW = " + hashMapW / 10);

        System.out.println("hashMapR = " + hashMapR / 10);

        System.out.println("linkMapW = " + linkMapW / 10);

        System.out.println("linkMapR = " + linkMapR / 10);

        System.out.println("treeMapW = " + treeMapW / 10);

        System.out.println("treeMapR = " + treeMapR / 10);

        System.out.println("hashTableW = " + hashTableW / 10);

        System.out.println("hashTableR = " + hashTableR / 10);

    }

 

    public void test(int size) {

        int index;

        Random random = new Random();

        String[] key = new String[size];

 

        // HashMap 插入

        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();

        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

            key[i] = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

            map.put(key[i], UUID.randomUUID().toString());

        }

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        hashMapW += (end - start);

        System.out.println("HashMap插入耗时 = " + (end - start) + " ms");

 

        // HashMap 读取

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

            index = random.nextInt(size);

            map.get(key[index]);

        }

        end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        hashMapR += (end - start);

        System.out.println("HashMap读取耗时 = " + (end - start) + " ms");

 

        // LinkedHashMap 插入

        map = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

            key[i] = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

            map.put(key[i], UUID.randomUUID().toString());

        }

        end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        linkMapW += (end - start);

        System.out.println("LinkedHashMap插入耗时 = " + (end - start) + " ms");

 

        // LinkedHashMap 读取

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

            index = random.nextInt(size);

            map.get(key[index]);

        }

        end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        linkMapR += (end - start);

        System.out.println("LinkedHashMap读取耗时 = " + (end - start) + " ms");

 

        // TreeMap 插入

        key = new String[size];

        map = new TreeMap<String, String>();

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

            key[i] = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

            map.put(key[i], UUID.randomUUID().toString());

        }

        end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        treeMapW += (end - start);

        System.out.println("TreeMap插入耗时 = " + (end - start) + " ms");

 

        // TreeMap 读取

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

            index = random.nextInt(size);

            map.get(key[index]);

        }

        end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        treeMapR += (end - start);

        System.out.println("TreeMap读取耗时 = " + (end - start) + " ms");

 

        // Hashtable 插入

        key = new String[size];

        map = new Hashtable<String, String>();

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

            key[i] = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

            map.put(key[i], UUID.randomUUID().toString());

        }

        end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        hashTableW += (end - start);

        System.out.println("Hashtable插入耗时 = " + (end - start) + " ms");

 

        // Hashtable 读取

        start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

            index = random.nextInt(size);

            map.get(key[index]);

        }

        end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        hashTableR += (end - start);

        System.out.println("Hashtable读取耗时 = " + (end - start) + " ms");

    }

}




Map四种遍历



import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

public class TestMap {
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
         map.put(1, "a");
         map.put(2, "b");
         map.put(3, "ab");
         map.put(4, "ab");
         map.put(4, "ab");// 和上面相同 , 会自己筛选
         System.out.println(map.size());
         // 第一种:

    System.out.println("第一种:通过map.keySet()for遍历key和value:");
         for (Integer in : map.keySet()) {  //map.keySet()返回的是所有key的值
             System.out.println(“key=”+in + ";value=" + map.get(in););
         }
         // 第二种:
         System.out.println("第二种:通过Map.entrySet使用iterator遍历key和value:");
         Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
         while (it.hasNext()) {
              Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry = it.next();
              System.out.println("key= " + entry.getKey() + " and value= " + entry.getValue());
         }
         // 第三种:推荐,尤其是容量大时
         System.out.println("第三种:通过Map.entrySet遍历key和value");
         for (Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
              //1:几个方法:用上面的名字entry,entry.getKey() ,entry.getValue(),entry.setValue();
            //2:map.entrySet()  返回此映射中包含的映射关系的 Set视图 
             System.out.println("key= " + entry.getKey() + " value= " + entry.getValue());
         }//
         // 第四种:
         System.out.println("第四种:通过Map.values()遍历所有的value,但不能遍历key");
         for (String v : map.values()) {
             System.out.println("value= " + v);
        }
     }
 }