# 接口、子接口、vlan
1、一个vlan可以包含很多个接口
2、子接口也是真实存在的接口, 同样可以加入到vlan中
3、vlan与vlan之间的通信方式有: 
	01、vlan接口:vlan接口可以看成是整个vlan的一个网关
	02、单臂路由:同一个物理连上连接多个网络。 通过创建子接口实现vlan与vlan之间互通的方式是单臂路由的一种实现。

1、常用命令

01、显示所有接口状态信息

命令:  display interface brief 
	注:  显示的信息中接口类型采用了缩写, 如:显示的FGE1/0/54,意思是接口类型为FortyGigE, 接口编号是1/0/54

02、显示当前所有配置信息

display current-configuration
# 可以对这个命令的结果进行筛选
 [H3C]dis cur ?
  >              Redirect it to a file
  >>             Redirect it to a file in append mode
  configuration  The pre-positive and post-positive configuration information
  controller     Display controller configuration
  diff           Display the differences between the current configuration and
                 the next-startup configuration
  interface      The interface configuration information
  |              Matching output
  <cr>

03、查看路由

1、查看所有路由
display ip routing-table
2、查看某个vpn-instance路由表的路由
display ip routing-table vpn-instance xxx
3、查看某个协议的路由
# 例
# 查看RIP协议学到的路由
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
	<Active> : 活跃,代表正在使用的
	<Inactive>:不活跃,代表没有用的,没有放到路由表里面去的

04、查看当前配置

# 命令 display this
例;
	[H3C]interface FortyGigE 1/0/53
	[H3C-FortyGigE1/0/53]dis this
	#
	interface FortyGigE1/0/53
	 port link-mode route
	 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0
	#
	return
	[H3C-FortyGigE1/0/53]rip
	[H3C-rip-1]dis this
	#
	rip 1
	 version 2
	 network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
	 network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255
	#
	return
	[H3C-rip-1]

1、interface接口(端口)模式

# 接口的两种模式
如果将工作模式设置为二层模式(bridge),则作为一个二层以太网接口使用,如果将工作模式设置为三层模式(route),则作为一个三层以太网接口使用。
接口模式切换后,除了shutdown命令,该以太网接口下的其它所有命令都将恢复到新模式下的缺省情况。

# 接口模式切换命令
<Sysname> system-view
[Sysname] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1
[Sysname-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-mode bridge
# [Sysname-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-mode bridge

2、创建以太网子接口

以太网子接口是三层子接口,需要接口工作模式设置为route,才能进行以太网子接口的配置
# 进入以太网接口Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1视图。
<H3C>system-view
[H3C]interface FortyGigE 1/0/54
[H3C-FortyGigE1/0/54]


# 创建以太网子接口Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1并进入该子接口的视图。
<H3C>system-view
[H3C]interface FortyGigE 1/0/54.1
[H3C-FortyGigE1/0/54.1]
# 命令
interface interface-type { interface-number | interface-number.subnumber }

interface-type:指定接口类型。
interface-number:指定接口编号。
interface-number.subnumber:指定子接口编号。其中interface-number为主接口编号;subnumber为子接口编号,取值范围为1~4094。

3、增加和删除vlan

增加:  vlan 10
删除: undo vlan 10

4、VPN实例

01、创建vpn实例

# 创建VPN实例
进入系统视图
	system-view
创建VPN实例,并进入VPN实例视图
	ip vpn-instance vpn-instance-name
	缺省情况下,不存在VPN实例
配置VPN实例的描述信息(可选)
	description text
	缺省情况下,未配置VPN实例的描述信息
# 例
<H3C>system-view
[H3C]ip vpn-instance ccc
[H3C-vpn-instance-ccc]description ccc123
[H3C-vpn-instance-ccc]quit

02、配置VPN实例与接口关联

注:执行ip binding vpn-instance命令将删除接口上已经配置的IP地址,因此需要重新配置接口的IP地址。
进入系统视图
	system-view
进入接口视图
	interface interface-type interface-number
配置接口与指定VPN实例关联
	ip binding vpn-instance vpn-instance-name
	缺省情况下,接口未关联VPN实例,接口属于公网
<H3C>system-view
[H3C]interface FortyGigE 1/0/54.1
[H3C-FortyGigE1/0/54.1]ip binding vpn-instance ccc
[H3C-FortyGigE1/0/54.1]quit

5、路由

01、配置静态路由

# 路由器上主路由表配置静态路由
ip route-static  114b 10.0.113.1 255.255.255.0 10.0.114.1

# 路由器上VRF配置静态路由
ip route-static vpn-instance 114b 10.0.113.1 255.255.255.0 10.0.114.1

02、路由重发布

路由之间存在多种协议时,需要对路由进行重发布
路由重发布
    描述:路由器1使用ripng协议 、路由器2使用OSPF协议、路由器3在两个路由器之间,是实现两个路由器之间网络的互联,需要在路由器3上注入两个协议
OSPF
import-route rip  
rip
import-route ospf

03、配置RIP

1、display命令
# 查看rip配置
# 命令 display rip

[H3C]dis rip
  Public VPN-instance name:
    RIP process: 1
       RIP version: 1
       Preference: 100
       Checkzero: Enabled
       Default cost: 0
       Summary: Disabled
       Host routes: Enabled
       Maximum number of load balanced routes: 16
       Update time   :   30 secs  Timeout time         :  180 secs
       Suppress time :  120 secs  Garbage-collect time :  120 secs
       Update output delay:   20(ms)  Output count:    3
       Graceful-restart interval:   60 secs
       Triggered Interval : 5 50 200
       BFD: Disabled
       Silent interfaces: None
       Default routes: Disabled
       Verify-source: Enabled
       Networks:
           3.3.3.3                10.0.23.0
           10.0.35.0
       Configured peers: None
       Triggered updates sent: 5
       Number of routes changes: 16
       Number of replies to queries: 0
# 查看RIP协议学到的路由
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip 
	<Active> : 活跃,代表正在使用的
	<Inactive>:不活跃,代表没有用的,没有放到路由表里面去的
# 显示RIP协议数据库(显示动态路由协议到各网段的信息)
[H3C]display rip 1 database
2、配置loopback、和接口ip
[H3C]interface LoopBack 0
[H3C-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
[H3C-LoopBack0]quit
[H3C]interface FortyGigE  1/0/54
[H3C-FortyGigE1/0/54]ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0
[H3C-FortyGigE1/0/54]quit
3、重启RIP进程
# 注意, 需要在用户模式下使用reset命令
<H3C>reset rip 1 process
Reset RIP process? [Y/N]:y
4、将loopback、接口ip 加入到开启的RIP进程中
[H3C]rip
# 默认开启的进程号为1, 存在vrf的情况下,如果rip 后不指定路由表,默认使用全局路由表。
[H3C-rip-1]version 2
[H3C-rip-1]network 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0
[H3C-rip-1]dis this
#
rip 1
 version 2
 network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
 network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255
#
return

6、BGP

00、注

1、bgp的路由更新依赖于路由上的路由,如果以为 LoopBack 为BGP的路由更新源,那么必须保证有到LoopBack 的路由
2、bgp的路由更新依赖于路由上的路由,必须保证peer 指定的地址是可以ping通的, 这一点在配置VRF的时候要重视。

01、display命令

# 查看bgp  ipv4路由
display bgp routing-table ipv4
display bgp routing-table ipv4 vpn-instance vpn-instance-name
# 查看bgp  ipv6路由
display bgp routing-table ipv6


# 查看bgp peer信息
display bgp peer ipv4
display bgp peer ipv6
display bgp peer ipv4 vpn-instance vpn-instance-name

02、IBGP peer创建(对等体就是peer,也叫邻居)

bgp 200
router-id 2.2.2.2
peer 10.0.232.3 as-number 300
address-family ipv4
# 创建的peer 默认是关闭的需要激活
peer 10.0.231.3 enable

03、EBGP peer配置

和IBGP配置一样, 知识AS号不相同了

04、例

1、例1
配置完成后在R4上可以 ping通R1。
# 配置可以在优化一下

华三交换机hybridtrunkaccess区别 华三交换机range用法_路由表

# R1    # ip route-static 10.0.34.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2
interface FortyGigE 1/0/54
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0
exit
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2
# R2
interface FortyGigE 1/0/54
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0
exit
interface  GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.231.2 255.255.255.0
exit
interface  GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.232.2 255.255.255.0
exit
interface LoopBack 0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
exit
bgp 200
router-id 2.2.2.2
peer 10.0.231.3 as-number 300
peer 10.0.232.3 as-number 300
address-family ipv4
# 创建的peer 默认是关闭的需要激活
peer 10.0.231.3 enable
peer 10.0.232.3 enable
network 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0
network 10.0.231.2 255.255.255.0
network 10.0.232.2 255.255.255.0
exit
exit
# R3
interface FortyGigE 1/0/54
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.34.3 255.255.255.0
exit
interface  GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.231.3 255.255.255.0
exit
interface  GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.232.3 255.255.255.0
exit
interface LoopBack 0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
exit
bgp 300
router-id 3.3.3.3
peer 10.0.231.2 as-number 200
peer 10.0.232.2 as-number 200
peer 10.0.34.4 as-number 400
address-family ipv4
peer 10.0.231.2 enable
peer 10.0.232.2 enable
peer 10.0.34.4 enable
network 10.0.231.3 255.255.255.0
network 10.0.232.3 255.255.255.0
network 10.0.34.3 255.255.255.0
exit
exit
# R4
interface FortyGigE 1/0/54
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.34.4 255.255.255.0
exit
interface LoopBack 0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
exit
bgp 400
router-id 4.4.4.4
peer 10.0.34.3 as-number 300
address-family ipv4
peer 10.0.34.3 enable
network 10.0.34.4 255.255.255.0
exit
exit
2、例2
1、测试R2和R3之间线路冗余, 手动切断R2和R3之间任意一条线路,在R4上ping 10.0.113.1 都可以ping通
2、bgp分别为200、300、400
# 配置可以在优化一下

华三交换机hybridtrunkaccess区别 华三交换机range用法_路由表

# R1    # ip route-static 10.0.34.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2
interface FortyGigE 1/0/54
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0
exit
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2

interface FortyGigE 1/0/54.113
ip address 10.0.113.1 255.255.255.0
exit
interface FortyGigE 1/0/54.114
ip address 10.0.114.1 255.255.255.0
exit
# R2
interface FortyGigE 1/0/54
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0
exit

ip vpn-instance 113a
route-distinguisher 113:1
exit
ip vpn-instance 114b
route-distinguisher 114:1
exit

interface FortyGigE 1/0/54.113
ip binding vpn-instance 113a
ip address 10.0.113.2 255.255.255.0
exit
interface  GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
port link-mode route
ip binding vpn-instance 113a
ip address 10.0.231.2 255.255.255.0
exit

interface FortyGigE 1/0/54.114
ip binding vpn-instance 114b
ip address 10.0.114.2 255.255.255.0
exit
interface  GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
port link-mode route
ip binding vpn-instance 114b
ip address 10.0.232.2 255.255.255.0
exit

interface LoopBack 0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
exit

bgp 200
ip vpn-instance 113a
peer 10.0.231.3 as-number 300
peer 10.0.232.3 as-number 300
address-family ipv4
peer 10.0.231.3 enable
peer 10.0.232.3 enable
network 10.0.113.2 255.255.255.0
exit
exit

ip vpn-instance 114b
peer 10.0.231.3 as-number 300
peer 10.0.232.3 as-number 300
address-family ipv4
peer 10.0.231.3 enable
peer 10.0.232.3 enable
network 10.0.114.2 255.255.255.0
exit
exit
exit

ip route-static vpn-instance 114b 10.0.113.1 255.255.255.0 10.0.114.1
# R3
interface FortyGigE 1/0/54
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.34.3 255.255.255.0
exit
interface  GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.231.3 255.255.255.0
exit
interface  GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.232.3 255.255.255.0
exit
interface LoopBack 0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
exit
bgp 300
router-id 3.3.3.3
peer 10.0.231.2 as-number 200
peer 10.0.232.2 as-number 200
peer 10.0.34.4 as-number 400
address-family ipv4
peer 10.0.231.2 enable
peer 10.0.232.2 enable
peer 10.0.34.4 enable
network 10.0.231.3 255.255.255.0
network 10.0.232.3 255.255.255.0
network 10.0.34.3 255.255.255.0
exit
exit
# R4
interface FortyGigE 1/0/54
port link-mode route
ip address 10.0.34.4 255.255.255.0
exit
interface LoopBack 0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
exit
bgp 400
router-id 4.4.4.4
peer 10.0.34.3 as-number 300
address-family ipv4
peer 10.0.34.3 enable
network 10.0.34.4 255.255.255.0
exit
exit