java通过gdal解析tif栅格数据 java使用gdal

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mob64ca13f7ab19 2023-08-26 22:07:51

文章标签 java通过gdal解析tif栅格数据其他 java intellij-idea System 文章分类 Java 后端开发

java+GDAL

0、环境配置

下载GDAL：
下载地址：GISInternals Support Site 建议使用最新版本（支持FileGDB）

java通过gdal解析tif栅格数据 java使用gdal_intellij-idea

本地部署：

解压后将GDAL的bin文件夹下所有的dll（不包括bin目录下的文件夹）和bin/gdal/java下的dll文件拷贝到jdk安装路径的bin目录下
将\bin\gdal\plugins-external内的ogr_FileGDB.dll拷贝到\bin\gdal\plugins下
将GDAL的bin目录添加到Path环境变量

java通过gdal解析tif栅格数据 java使用gdal_其他_02

\bin\gdal\plugins 目录添加到环境变量，变量名为GDAL_DRIVER_PATH

java通过gdal解析tif栅格数据 java使用gdal_java通过gdal解析tif栅格数据_03

将proj.db所在路径添加到环境变量，变量名为PROJ_LIB

java通过gdal解析tif栅格数据 java使用gdal_java_04

开发流程
1.在IDEA里导入本地jar包

java通过gdal解析tif栅格数据 java使用gdal_intellij-idea_05

2.编写代码

package com.lulie.gdal;

import org.gdal.gdal.gdal;
import org.gdal.ogr.ogr;

//测试案例
class GdalDemo {
	//获取所有驱动的名称并打印
	public void printDriver() {
		gdal.AllRegister();
		int count = ogr.GetDriverCount();
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			String driverName = ogr.GetDriver(i).getName();
			System.out.print(driverName + "\t");
		}
		gdal.GDALDestroyDriverManager();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		GdalDemo demo = new GdalDemo();
		demo.printDriver();
	}
}

结果：

java通过gdal解析tif栅格数据 java使用gdal_java_06

注意：

遇到 ERROR 1: Can’t load requested DLL: E:\gdal\bin\gdal\plugins\gdal_GEOR.dll 错误，可以不管。

案例1-打开shp

package com.lulie.gdal;

import org.gdal.gdal.gdal;
import org.gdal.ogr.*;

public class GdalDemo_shp {

	public String opeanShp(String strVectorFile) {
		//准备，注册驱动
		ogr.RegisterAll();
        //设置支持中文
		gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8","YES");
		gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING","CP936");
		//获取驱动
		String shpDriverName = "ESRI Shapefile";
		Driver shpDriver =ogr.GetDriverByName(shpDriverName);
		if (shpDriver == null) {
			throw new RuntimeException(shpDriverName+ " 驱动不可用！\n");
		}

		//获取数据源
		DataSource shpDataSource = ogr.Open(strVectorFile,0);
		if (shpDataSource == null)
		{
			throw new RuntimeException("打开文件【"+ strVectorFile + "】失败！" );
		}
		//获取图层0
		Layer shpLayer = shpDataSource.GetLayerByIndex(0);
		if (shpLayer == null)
		{
			throw new RuntimeException("获取shp图层失败！\n");
		}
		//转化为json
		Feature feature = shpLayer.GetNextFeature();
		Geometry geometry = feature.GetGeometryRef();
		String json = geometry.ExportToJson();
        shpDataSource.delete();
		gdal.GDALDestroyDriverManager();
		return json;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		GdalDemo_shp shp = new  GdalDemo_shp();
		String strVectorFile ="D:\\新建文件夹\\4496\\天府新区.shp";
		String info = shp.opeanShp(strVectorFile);
		System.out.println(info);
	}
}

案例2-打开gdb

public void openGdb() {
		//注册所有驱动
		ogr.RegisterAll();
		//支持中文路径
		gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8", "YES");
		//属性表支持中文
		gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING", "CP936");

		//获取GDB驱动
		String gdbDriverName = "FileGDB";
		org.gdal.ogr.Driver gdbDriver = ogr.GetDriverByName(gdbDriverName);
		if(gdbDriver == null){
			System.out.println("不支持" + gdbDriverName + "驱动");
			return;
		}
		String gdbPath = "C:\\Users\\lulie\\Desktop\\test.gdb";
		DataSource gdbDataSource = gdbDriver.Open(gdbPath, 0);
		if(gdbDataSource == null){
			System.out.println("GDAL打开gdb失败!");
			return;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < gdbDataSource.GetLayerCount(); i++) {
			String layerName = gdbDataSource.GetLayer(i).GetName();
			System.out.println(layerName);
		}
        gdbDataSource.delete();
		gdal.GDALDestroyDriverManager();
	}

案例3-从pg库导出/导入shp

//pg库导出shp
public static void pg2shp(){
		ogr.RegisterAll();
		gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8","YES");
		gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING","CP936");
		//获取pg驱动
		String pgDriverName = "PostgreSQL";
		org.gdal.ogr.Driver pgDriver = ogr.GetDriverByName(pgDriverName);
		if(pgDriver == null){
			System.out.println("不支持" + pgDriverName + "驱动");
			return;
		}
		//GDAL连接PostGIS
		String path = "PG:dbname=test host=localhost port=5432 user=postgres password=postgres";
		DataSource pgDataSource = pgDriver.Open(path, 0);
		if(pgDataSource == null){
			System.out.println("GDAL连接PostGIS数据库失败!");
			return;
		}
		String strSQL = "SELECT * from province WHERE area='测试'";
		//获取图层
		Layer pgLayer = pgDataSource.ExecuteSQL(strSQL);
		//Layer pgLayer = pgDataSource.GetLayerByName("123");
		if (pgLayer == null)
		{
			System.out.println("获取【" + "province" + "】图层失败！");
			return;
		}
		System.out.println(pgLayer.GetFIDColumn());

		//创建矢量文件
		String strVectorFile ="D:\\pg2shp.shp";
		//驱动
		String shpDriverName = "ESRI Shapefile";
		org.gdal.ogr.Driver shpDriver =ogr.GetDriverByName(shpDriverName);
		if (shpDriver == null)
		{
			System.out.println(shpDriverName+ " 驱动不可用！\n");
			return;
		}
		//数据源
		DataSource shpDataSource = shpDriver.CreateDataSource(strVectorFile,null);
		if (shpDataSource == null)
		{
			System.out.println("创建矢量文件【"+ strVectorFile +"】失败！\n" );
			return;
		}
		//图层
		Layer shpLayer =shpDataSource.CreateLayer("", pgLayer.GetSpatialRef(), pgLayer.GetGeomType());
		if (shpLayer == null)
		{
			System.out.println("图层创建失败！\n");
			return;
		}
		//字段
		FeatureDefn pgDefn =pgLayer.GetLayerDefn();
		int iFieldCount =pgDefn.GetFieldCount();
		for (int i = 0; i <iFieldCount; i++)
		{
			FieldDefn oField =pgDefn.GetFieldDefn(i);
			shpLayer.CreateField(oField, 1);
		}
		//数据记录
		Feature oFeature = null;
		while ((oFeature = pgLayer.GetNextFeature()) != null)
		{
			System.out.println(oFeature.GetFID());
			shpLayer.CreateFeature(oFeature);
		}
		//写入文件
		shpLayer.SyncToDisk();
		shpDataSource.SyncToDisk();
		//删除数据源
		pgDataSource.delete();
		shpDataSource.delete();

		gdal.GDALDestroyDriverManager();
		System.out.println("shp文件创建成功！");
	}


//pg库导入shp（FID会冲突，需要自己解决）
public static void shp2pg(){
		ogr.RegisterAll();
	    gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8","YES"); 
	    gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING","CP936");
	    
	    String shpDriverName = "ESRI Shapefile";
        org.gdal.ogr.Driver shpDriver =ogr.GetDriverByName(shpDriverName);
        if (shpDriver == null)
        {
        	System.out.println(shpDriverName+ " 驱动不可用！\n");
        	return;
        }
        
	    String strVectorFile ="D:\\pg2shp.shp";
	    DataSource shpDataSource = ogr.Open(strVectorFile,0);
	    if (shpDataSource == null)
	    {
	    	System.out.println("打开文件【"+ strVectorFile + "】失败！" );
	        return;
	    }
	    Layer shpLayer = shpDataSource.GetLayerByIndex(0);
	    if (shpLayer == null)
	    {
	    	System.out.println("获取shp图层失败！\n");
	        return;
	    }
	    System.out.println(shpLayer.GetFIDColumn());
	    
	    //获取pg驱动
	    String pgDriverName = "PostgreSQL";
	    org.gdal.ogr.Driver pgDriver = ogr.GetDriverByName(pgDriverName);
		if(pgDriver == null){
			System.out.println("不支持" + pgDriverName + "驱动");
			return;
		}
		//GDAL连接PostGIS
		String path = "PG:dbname=test host=localhost port=5432 user=postgres password=postgres";
		DataSource pgDataSource = pgDriver.Open(path, 1);
		if(pgDataSource == null){
			System.out.println("GDAL连接PostGIS数据库失败!");
			return;
		}
		//获取图层
		Layer pgLayer = pgDataSource.GetLayerByName("tablename");
		if (pgLayer == null)
	    {
	    	System.out.println("获取【" + "tablename" + "】图层失败！");
	    	return;
	    }
		
		Feature oFeature = null;
	    while ((oFeature = shpLayer.GetNextFeature()) != null)
	    {
	    	oFeature.SetFID(100 + oFeature.GetFID());
	    	System.out.println(oFeature.GetFID());
	    	pgLayer.CreateFeature(oFeature);
	    }
	    //写入文件
	    pgLayer.SyncToDisk();
        pgDataSource.SyncToDisk();
        //删除数据源
        pgDataSource.delete();
        shpDataSource.delete();
	    gdal.GDALDestroyDriverManager();
        System.out.println("shp文件导入成功！");
	}

案例4-读取属性

//读取属性
public void readAttribute() {
		//注册所有驱动
		ogr.RegisterAll();
		//支持中文路径
		gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8", "YES");
		//属性表支持中文
		gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING", "CP936");

		//获取GDB驱动
		String gdbDriverName = "FileGDB";
		org.gdal.ogr.Driver gdbDriver = ogr.GetDriverByName(gdbDriverName);
		if(gdbDriver == null){
			System.out.println("不支持" + gdbDriverName + "驱动");
			return;
		}
		String gdbPath = "C:\\Users\\lulie\\Desktop\\test.gdb";
		DataSource gdbDataSource = gdbDriver.Open(gdbPath, 0);
		if(gdbDataSource == null){
			System.out.println("GDAL连接GDB失败!");
			return;
		}
		//获取所有的layer图层
		for (int i = 0; i < gdbDataSource.GetLayerCount(); i++) {
			Layer layer = gdbDataSource.GetLayer(i);
			System.out.println(" layerName :" + layer.GetName());
			//获取所有的字段名
			List<String> fieldNames = new ArrayList<String>();
			FeatureDefn featureDefn = layer.GetLayerDefn();
			for (int i1 = 0; i1 < featureDefn.GetFieldCount(); i1++) {
				FieldDefn fieldDefn = featureDefn.GetFieldDefn(i1);
				String fields = fieldDefn.GetName();
				fieldNames.add(fields);
			}
			System.out.println("所有字段名：" + fieldNames);
			//遍历读取属性
			Feature feature = null;
			while ((feature = layer.GetNextFeature()) != null) {
				List<String> fieldValue = new ArrayList<String>();
				String geojson = feature.GetGeometryRef().ExportToJson();
				System.out.println("geojson ：" + geojson);
				//遍历字段名读取所有属性
				for (String fieldName : fieldNames) {
					String field = feature.GetFieldAsString(fieldName);
					fieldValue.add(field);
				}
				System.out.println(fieldValue);
			}

		}
    	gdbDataSource.delete();
		gdal.GDALDestroyDriverManager();
	}

1、连接数据源

1.1、连接之前

/*
准备工作
*/
gdal.AllRegister();
//注册所有驱动
ogr.RegisterAll();
//支持中文路径
gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8", "YES");
//属性表支持中文
gdal.SetConfigOption("SHAPE_ENCODING", "CP936");

1.2、数据源驱动

/*
5种主要驱动程序的名称
 */
public class DriverName {
    
    //String connShp = "D:\\DIST\\Code\\Project\\zhenjiang\\镇江shp\\五角星.shp";
    public static final String shp = "ESRI Shapefile";
    
	//String connGdb = "D:\\DIST\\geoData\\shpFile\\unionResult.gdb";
    public static final String gdb = "FileGDB";//或者OpenFileGDB
    
	//String connPg = "PG:dbname=dggis host=192.168.200.34 port=30013 user=sde password=sde";
    public static final String postgreSQL = "PostgreSQL";
    
	//String connStr = "OCI:sde/sde:SYS.Yjjbnt";//连接本地库可以忽略数据库实例
    //String connSde = "OCI:gis_qf/Passw0rd@192.168.1.163/orcl:CHDYZT.JSFAFW";
    //String connStr = "OCI:rcgtkjgh/pass@192.168.200.230:1521/orcl:RCGTKJGH.DELSH_STBHHX";
    public static final String sde = "OCI";
	
    //String connMdb = "D:\\DIST\\geoData\\shpFile\\test.mdb";
    public static final String mdb = "PGeo";
}

1.3、连接数据源的基本过程

/*
连接数据源的基本过程
*/
1、根据驱动名称获取驱动
    Driver driver = ogr.GetDriverByName(driverName);
2、通过驱动打开数据源
    DataSource dataSource = driver.Open(FilePath, 0);//文件路径或者连接字符串，0表示不更新数据集，为只读
3、获取数据源里的图层
    dataSource.GetLayer(index:)//根据id获取
    dataSource.GetLayer(layerName:"")//根据名称获取
4、获取图层里的要素
    //读取GDB里面的图层时，获取Feature得用GetNextFeature()方法，不能根据GetFeature(long fid)	
    layer.GetFeature(int:);//根据id

	layer.ResetReading();//把要素读取顺序重置为从第一个开始
	layer.GetNextFeature();

1.4、读取数据基本信息

读取图层数量：
        int layerCount = dataSource.GetLayerCount();
图层名称
        String layerName = layer.GetName();
图层要素数量
        long featureCount = layer.GetFeatureCount();
图层空间参考信息
        SpatialReference s = layer.GetSpatialRef();
图层的属性表结构
        FeatureDefn featureDefn = layer.GetLayerDefn();
属性表字段数量
        int fieldCount = featureDefn.GetFieldCount();
属性表的属性字段
        FieldDefn fieldDefn = featureDefn.GetFieldDefn(i1);//根据索引获取
属性字段类型
        int fieldType = fieldDefn.GetFieldType();
        String fieldTypeName = fieldDefn.GetFieldTypeName(fieldType);
属性字段名称
        String fieldName = fieldDefn.GetName();
获取FID
        long fid = feature.GetFID();//这个是通过Feature来获取的
获取Geometry
    	Geometry geometry = feature.GetGeometryRef();
    	String geoJson = geometry.ExportToJson();
{ "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 119.456586303, 32.063698523000028, 0.0 ], [ 119.468721554000012, 32.045852565000018, 0.0 ], [ 119.490850540999986, 32.040141859000016, 0.0 ], [ 119.472290745, 32.028006608, 0.0 ], [ 119.478001451999944, 32.003736104999973, 0.0 ], [ 119.457300141000019, 32.023723577999988, 0.0 ], [ 119.43659882999998, 32.002308428999982, 0.0 ], [ 119.443023375000053, 32.025865093, 0.0 ], [ 119.422322064000014, 32.034431152000025, 0.0 ], [ 119.445878728000025, 32.043711050000013, 0.0 ], [ 119.456586303, 32.063698523000028, 0.0 ] ] ] }
获取图层范围
		double[] extent = layer.GetExtent();//返回4个坐标点

2、关于投影

SpatialReference spatialReference = layer.GetSpatialRef();//获取图层的空间信息
//设定空间信息
//通过EPSG
SpatialReference spatialReference = new SpatialReference();
spatialReference.ImportFromEPSG(4490);
//通过WKT字符串
String strwkt = "GEOGCS[\"GCS_North_American_1927\"," +
                "DATUM[\"North_American_Datum_1927\"," +
                "SPHEROID[\"Clarke_1866\",6378206.4,294.9786982]]," +
                "PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0]," +
                "UNIT[\"Degree\",0.0174532925199433]]";
SpatialReference spatialReference = new SpatialReference(strwkt);

投影信息如下（WKT字符串）:

PROJCS[“CGCS2000 / 3-degree Gauss-Kruger CM 117E”, //投影名称
GEOGCS[“China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000”, //地理坐标系名称
DATUM[“China_2000”, //水平基准面
SPHEROID[“CGCS2000”,6378137,298.257222101,//椭球体、长半轴，反偏率
AUTHORITY[“EPSG”,“1024”]],
AUTHORITY[“EPSG”,“1043”]],
PRIMEM[“Greenwich”,0, //中央经线Greenwich，0度标准子午线
AUTHORITY[“EPSG”,“8901”]],
UNIT[“degree”,0.0174532925199433, //指定测量使用的单位。在地理坐标系下使用角度。
AUTHORITY[“EPSG”,“9122”]],
AUTHORITY[“EPSG”,“4490”]],
PROJECTION[“Transverse_Mercator”], //投影方式
PARAMETER[“latitude_of_origin”,0], //PARAMETER表示投影参数,0表示纬度起点为0度
PARAMETER[“central_meridian”,117], //投影带的中央经线是东经117度
PARAMETER[“scale_factor”,1], //中央经线的长度比是1
PARAMETER[“false_easting”,500000], //坐标纵轴向西移动500km
PARAMETER[“false_northing”,0], //横轴没有平移
UNIT[“metre”,1, //指定测量使用的单位，指定米为测量单位
AUTHORITY[“EPSG”,“9001”]],
AXIS[“Northing”,NORTH],
AXIS[“Easting”,EAST],
AUTHORITY[“EPSG”,“4548”]]

3、属性查询

3.1 通过图层layer查询

//查询没有发生错误则返回0，注意此时的layer只包含 满足条件的要素
int result = layer.SetAttributeFilter("YSDM='3002020100'");//属性查询时注意不能用字段别名
//参数设为null表示清空查询
layer.SetAttributeFilter(null);

3.2 通过数据源datasource查询

Layer queryLayer = dataSource.ExecuteSQL("select * from union5 where YSDM='3002020100'");

4、地理处理

/**
 * 两个图层之间的地理处理操作
 * @param inputLayer：输入图层
 * @param queryLayer：求交图层
 * @param resultLayer：返回结果图层
 * @param spatialFilter：地理处理操作
 */
public static void spatialQuery(Layer inputLayer,Layer queryLayer,Layer resultLayer,int spatialFilter){

    Vector v = new Vector(4);
    v.add("SKIP_FAILURES=YES");//跳过处理过程中出现的错误
    v.add("PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=NO");//Polygon不转为MultiPolygon，如果设为YES则会
    v.add("INPUT_PREFIX=1_");//输入图层在属性表中的字段前缀
    v.add("METHOD_PREFIX=2_");//求交图层的字段前缀
    switch (spatialFilter){
        //相交
        case 0:
            inputLayer.Intersection(queryLayer,resultLayer,v,null);
            break;
        //合并
        case 1:
            inputLayer.Union(queryLayer,resultLayer,v,null);
    }

}

5、创建图层

/**
 * 创建矢量图层
 * @param driverName:驱动名称
 * @param path:图层保存路径，要和驱动匹配
 * @param layerName：图层名称
 * @param spatialReference：图层空间参考
 * @return 返回创建好的图层
 */
public static Layer createLayer(String driverName, String path, String layerName, SpatialReference spatialReference) {
    Layer result = null;

    Driver driver = ogr.GetDriverByName(driverName);
    if (driver == null) {
        log.info(driverName + "不可用");
        System.out.println(driverName + "不可用");
        return null;
    }
    DataSource dataSource = null;
    //这里需要判断一下path是否已经存在，存在的话先删除再创建(如果是已存在的gdb，则直接打开)
    File file = new File(path);
    if (file.exists()) {
        if (file.isFile()) {
            file.delete();
            dataSource = driver.CreateDataSource(path, null);
        } else if (file.isDirectory()) {
            dataSource = driver.Open(path, 1);
            //GDB中存在同名图层则删除
            for (int i = 0; i < dataSource.GetLayerCount(); i++) {
                Layer layer = dataSource.GetLayer(i);
                if (layerName.equals(layer.GetName())) {
                    dataSource.DeleteLayer(i);
                    dataSource.FlushCache();
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        dataSource = driver.CreateDataSource(path, null);
    }
    if (dataSource == null) {
        log.info("数据源创建/打开失败");
        System.out.println("数据源创建/打开失败");
        return null;
    }
    result = dataSource.CreateLayer(layerName, spatialReference, ogr.wkbPolygon, null);
    if (result == null) {
        log.info(layerName + "创建失败");
        System.out.println(layerName + "创建失败");
        return null;
    }
    log.info("【"+layerName+"】" + "创建成功");
    return result;
}

6、创建要素

/**
 * 传入Geometry创建Feature，这里不定义属性字段
 * @param layer
 * @param geometry
 */
public static void createFeatureByGeometry(Layer layer, Geometry geometry) {
    FeatureDefn featureDefn = layer.GetLayerDefn();
    Feature feature = new Feature(featureDefn);
    feature.SetGeometry(geometry);
    layer.CreateFeature(feature);
}

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