docker容器命令
- 4.1 运行镜像生成容器docker run
- 4.2 查看本地容器
- 4.3 退出容器
- 4.4 启动已停止运行的容器
- 4.5 重启容器
- 4.6 停止容器
- 4.7 强制停止容器
- 4.8 删除已停止的容器
- 4.9 后台守护模式
- 4.10 查看容器日志
- 4.11 查看容器内运行的进程
- 4.12 查看容器内部细节
- 4.13进入正在运行的容器并以命令行交互
- 4.14 复制(容器到主机)
- 4.15导入与导出容器
4.1 运行镜像生成容器docker run
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
Options:
--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
-a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
--blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])
--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file
--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpus decimal Number of CPUs
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
--device list Add a host device to the container
--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
--device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])
--device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])
--device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])
--device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--dns list Set custom DNS servers
--dns-option list Set DNS options
--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains
--entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
-e, --env list Set environment variables
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables
--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports
--group-add list Add additional groups to join
--health-cmd string Command to run to check health
--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--help Print usage
-h, --hostname string Container host name
--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
--ipc string IPC mode to use
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit
-l, --label list Set meta data on a container
--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels
--link list Add link to another container
--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
--log-driver string Logging driver for the container
--log-opt list Log driver options
--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
-m, --memory bytes Memory limit
--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit
--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)
--mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the container
--name string Assign a name to the container
--network string Connect a container to a network (default "default")
--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container
--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer
--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
--pid string PID namespace to use
--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
--privileged Give extended privileges to this container
-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host
-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports
--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")
--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits
--runtime string Runtime to use for this container
--security-opt list Security Options
--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm
--sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
--stop-signal string Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container
--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])
--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--userns string User namespace to use
--uts string UTS namespace to use
-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume
--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container
--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
OPTIONS说明(常用):有些是个减号,有些是两个减号
--name="容器新名字" 为容器指定一个名称;
-d:后台运行容器并返回容器ID,也即启动守护式容器(后台运行);
-i:以交互模式运行容器,通常与-t同时使用;
-t:为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端,通常与-i同时使用;也即启动交互式容器(前台有伪终端,等待交互);
-P:随机端口映射,大写P
-p:指定端口映射,小写p参数说明
-p hostPort:containerPort 端口映射 -p 8080:80
-p ip:hostPort:containerPort 配置监听地址 -p10.0.0.100:8080:80
-p ip:containerPort 随机分配端口 -p 10.0.0.100:80
-p hostPort:containerPort:udp指定协议-p 8080:80:tcp
-p 81:80 -p 443:443 指定多个
交互式启动
docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
等价
docker run -it ubuntu:latest /bin/bash
指定容器名称
docker run -it --name=“myubuntu_01” ubuntu /bin/bash
4.2 查看本地容器
## 语法
docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
Options:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print containers using a Go template
-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only display numeric IDs
-s, --size Display total file sizes
OPTIONS说明(常用):
-a:列出当前所有正在运行的容器+历史上运行过的
-1:显示最近创建的容器。
-n:显示最近n个创建的容器。
-q:静默模式,只显示容器编号。
docker ps -n 2
4.3 退出容器
两种退出方式
exit: run进去容器,exit退出,容器停止
ctrl+p+q: run进去容器,ctrl+p+q退出,容器不停止
4.4 启动已停止运行的容器
docker start 容器ID或者容器名
4.5 重启容器
docker restart 容器ID或者容器名
4.6 停止容器
docker stop 容器ID或者容器名
4.7 强制停止容器
docker kill 容器ID或容器名
4.8 删除已停止的容器
docker rm 容器ID
一次删除多个容器器实例
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm
4.9 后台守护模式
很重要的要说明的一点:Docker容器后台运行,就必须有一个前台进程。
容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命令(比如运行top,tail),就是会自动退出。
这个是docker的机制问题,比如web容器,以nginx为例,正常情况下,我们配置启动服务只需要启动响应的service即可。例如service nginx start但是,这样做,nginx为后台进程模式运行,就导致docker前台没有运行的应用,这样的容器后台启动后,会立即停止,因为没事可做了。
所以,最佳的解决方案是,将要运行的程序以前台进程的形式运行,常见就是命令行模式,表示还有交互操作
docker run -d redis:6.2.7
4.10 查看容器日志
docker logs 容器ID
4.11 查看容器内运行的进程
docker top 容器ID
4.12 查看容器内部细节
docker inspect 容器ID
4.13进入正在运行的容器并以命令行交互
docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell
docker attach 容器ID
上述两个区别
attach直接进入容器启动命令的终端,不会启动新的进程用exit退出,会导致容器的停止。
exec是在容器中打开新的终端,并且可以启动新的进程,用exit退出,不会导致容器的停止。
4.14 复制(容器到主机)
docker cp 容器lD:容器内路径 目的主机路径
4.15导入与导出容器
export导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import命令]
docker export 容器lD > 文件名.tar
import 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统再导入为镜像[对应export]
cat 文件名.tar | docker import -镜像用户/镜像名:镜像版本号