今天公司需要，做一个SVN服务器，然后安装Centos系统，服务器的硬盘是固态硬盘+1T机械硬盘
然后就把系统安装到固态硬盘中去了，采用的自动分区，安装过程不再赘述，网上已有大把的教程了
一、先扔一个各种卷的概念
PV（Physical Volume）- 物理卷
物理卷在逻辑卷管理中处于最底层，它可以是实际物理硬盘上的分区，也可以是整个物理硬盘，也可以是raid设备。
VG（Volumne Group）- 卷组
卷组建立在物理卷之上，一个卷组中至少要包括一个物理卷，在卷组建立之后可动态添加物理卷到卷组中。一个逻辑卷管理系统工程中可以只有一个卷组，也可以拥有多个卷组。
LV（Logical Volume）- 逻辑卷
逻辑卷建立在卷组之上，卷组中的未分配空间可以用于建立新的逻辑卷，逻辑卷建立后可以动态地扩展和缩小空间。系统中的多个逻辑卷可以属于同一个卷组，也可以属于不同的多个卷组。
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好了，看完概念相信大家也有一个基本的了解了，so，操作的过程也是按照这个顺序来的PV->VG->LV->
第一次上手可能会晕晕，所以要保证高度集中哦，
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二、创建PV（物理卷）
①首先用fdisk -l 命令查看一下硬盘的盘符，确定你要划分物理卷的盘符，不要操作错误
②使用fdisk命令进行分区操作。如下所示
fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n 创建新分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-121601, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-121601, default 121601):
Using default value 121601
因为需要创建lvm逻辑卷，所以硬盘格式要设置成8e
Command (m for help): t 改变分区格式
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
然后保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!③使用pvcreate命令创建物理卷
[root@svn ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 创建
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@svn ~]# pvdisplay 查看
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name vg_svn
PV Size 118.75 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 30400
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 30400
PV UUID tJFuap-U960-wfdM-vdhD-4C1Q-Kce9-s8Ct1A
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "931.51 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1 新创建的PV物理卷
VG Name
PV Size 931.51 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 1e7ReN-cHNG-ci0m-QjMy-IDAJ-ke8p-h0gzXx~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
三、将物理卷加入卷组VG
①首先查看一下当前卷组
[root@svn ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_svn
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 118.75 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 30400
Alloc PE / Size 30400 / 118.75 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID Rx5BUU-gBhj-hfNs-ZTXT-80pF-X0S6-LTPtzl②将新划分的物理卷添加到卷组中去
[root@svn ~]# vgextend vg_svn /dev/sdb1
Volume group "vg_svn" successfully extended③再次查看卷组
[root@svn ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_svn
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 1.03 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 268866
Alloc PE / Size 30400 / 118.75 GiB
Free PE / Size 238466 / 931.51 GiB 新添加的
VG UUID Rx5BUU-gBhj-hfNs-ZTXT-80pF-X0S6-LTPtzl下一步准备创建逻辑卷
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四、创建逻辑卷
①查看当前逻辑卷
[root@svn ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_svn/lv_root
LV Name lv_root
VG Name vg_svn
LV UUID J9FWvd-CxZF-sFWQ-rSrn-UpR9-JqfH-dMli8U
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time svn, 2018-07-11 17:52:09 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 50.00 GiB
Current LE 12800
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_svn/lv_home
LV Name lv_home
VG Name vg_svn
LV UUID KMcrg1-4o9q-pQlN-MRtt-XZxP-Fnxv-xnowFF
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time svn, 2018-07-11 17:52:18 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 61.06 GiB
Current LE 15632
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_svn/lv_swap
LV Name lv_swap
VG Name vg_svn
LV UUID q92Da4-qwsW-PVfa-xXRg-Zx5n-wwab-Nn1IYX
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time svn, 2018-07-11 17:52:26 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 7.69 GiB
Current LE 1968
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1②使用lvcreate命令创建逻辑卷
[root@svn ~]# lvcreate -L 500G -n lv_jixie（新的逻辑卷的名称） vg_svn
Logical volume "lv_jixie" created.
[root@svn ~]# lvcreate -L 500G -n lv_jixie2（新的逻辑卷的名称） vg_svn
Logical volume "lv_jixie" created.③格式化新建的逻辑卷
[root@svn ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_svn/lv_jixie
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=1 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
32768000 inodes, 131072000 blocks
6553600 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
4000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@svn ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_svn/lv_jixie
lv_jixie lv_jixie2
[root@svn ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_svn/lv_jixie2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=1 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
28180480 inodes, 112721920 blocks
5636096 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
3440 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.格式化完成之后就可以挂载到需要的目录下边了
④将新建的逻辑卷挂载home目录下
[root@svn ~]# mount /dev/vg_svn/lv_jixie /home
[root@svn ~]# mount /dev/vg_svn/lv_jixie2 /home
[root@svn ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_root
51475068 5122600 43731028 11% /
tmpfs 3961596 224 3961372 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 487652 42509 419543 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_home
443681952 71808 421065760 1% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_jixie
443681952 71808 421065760 1% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_jixie2
443681952 71808 421065760 1% /home因为这样操作不符合要求，于是卸载重新将硬盘的容量扩展到lv_home逻辑卷里
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一、将挂载到home目录下的逻辑卷卸载掉
[root@svn ~]# umount /home/
[root@svn ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_root
51475068 5122612 43731016 11% /
tmpfs 3961596 224 3961372 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 487652 42509 419543 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_home
515930552 71448 489644704 1% /home
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_jixie
515930552 71448 489644704 1% /home
[root@svn ~]# umount /home/
[root@svn ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_root
51475068 5122612 43731016 11% /
tmpfs 3961596 224 3961372 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 487652 42509 419543 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_home
62891956 53064 59637460 1% /home可以看到刚才挂载的两个逻辑卷 已经卸载掉了
②删除之前创建的那两个逻辑卷
[root@svn ~]# lvremove /dev/vg_svn/lv_jixie
Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv_jixie? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "lv_jixie" successfully removed
[root@svn ~]# lvremove /dev/vg_svn/lv_jixie2
Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv_jixie2? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "lv_jixie2" successfully removed③查看VG卷组
[root@svn ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_svn
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 9
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 1.03 TiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 268866
Alloc PE / Size 30400 / 118.75 GiB
Free PE / Size 238466 / 931.51 GiB 要记住这个标红的数字
VG UUID Rx5BUU-gBhj-hfNs-ZTXT-80pF-X0S6-LTPtzl④运行扩容命令，对lv_home逻辑卷进行扩容
[root@svn ~]# lvresize -l +238466 /dev/vg_svn/lv_home 这里的数字就是上边标红的数字
Size of logical volume vg_svn/lv_home changed from 61.06 GiB (15632 extents) to 992.57 GiB (254098 extents).
Logical volume lv_home successfully resized
⑤然后再次查看lvdisplay发现lv_home容量已经变大，但是使用df -TH查看挂载到home目录下的还是原来的容量
[root@svn ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_root
ext4 53G 5.3G 45G 11% /
tmpfs tmpfs 4.1G 234k 4.1G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 500M 44M 430M 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_home
ext4 65G 55M 62G 1% /home⑥ 然后运行resize2fs 对容量重新扩容，因为扩容的容量比较大，所以时间有点长，要耐心等待。
[root@svn ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_svn/lv_home
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_svn/lv_home is mounted on /home; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 63
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_svn/lv_home to 260196352 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_svn/lv_home is now 260196352 blocks long.⑦再次查看df -TH，容量已扩容成功
[root@svn ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_root
ext4 53G 5.3G 45G 11% /
tmpfs tmpfs 4.1G 234k 4.1G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 500M 44M 430M 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_svn-lv_home
ext4 1.1T 75M 996G 1% /home至此扩容已完成！
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