为了能让其它设备可以发现其设备,先启动特定广播。看自己需要什么广播格式。

对于广播可见的mac address:

在调用startAdvertising();时,mac address 就会改变。

并且跟mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();获取到的蓝牙mac 地址不一样。

这是因为在android 5.0 之后,为了保护真正的mac address。

在广播出来的地址,是经过随机可解析隐秘转换的(Resolvable private address)。

所以要在广播数据中添加mac address 输出,就要用静态蓝牙地址。

BLE设备的地址类型:

一个BLE设备,可以使用两种类型的地址(一个BLE设备可同时具备两种地址):

1、 Public Device Address

     该地址需要向IEEE申请(购买),IEEE保证地址的唯一性。

2、Random Device Address

     设备地址不是固定分配的,而是在设备设备启动后随机生成的。

     Random Device Address分为:

Static Device Address

       在一个上电周期内保持不变。地址随机生成。

Private Device Address

            通过定时更新和地址加密两种方法,提高蓝牙地址的可靠性和安全性。

            Private Device Address分为

Non-resolvable Private Address

                会定时更新。以T_GAP(private_addr_int)为周期,建议15分钟。

Resolvable Private Address

                以T_GAP(private_addr_int)为周期,定时更新。哪怕在广播、扫描、已连接等过程中,也可能改变。它通过一个随机数和一个称作identity resolving key (IRK) 的密码生成,因此只能被拥有相同IPK的设备扫描到,可以防止被未知设备扫描和追踪。


开始广播: 增加使用BluetoothGattServer


1 public void startAdvertising(MockServerCallBack callBack) {
 2         //获取BluetoothLeAdvertiser,BLE发送BLE广播用的一个API
 3         if (mBluetoothAdvertiser == null) {
 4             mBluetoothAdvertiser = mBluetoothAdapter.getBluetoothLeAdvertiser();
 5         }
 6         //创建BluetoothGattServerCallback,
 7         // MockServerCallBack这个类继承自BluetoothGattServerCallback
 8         // BluetoothGattServerCallback这个回调类主要是一些BLE读写的接口
 9         // 关于BLE读写的操作都在这个Callback中完成
10         if (mBluetoothAdvertiser != null) {
11             mMockServerCallBack = callBack;
12             //打开BluetoothGattServer
13             mGattServer = mBluetoothManager.openGattServer(mActivity, mMockServerCallBack);
14             if (mGattServer == null) {
15                 Log.e(TAG, "gatt is null");
16             }
17             try {
18                 mMockServerCallBack.setupServices(mActivity, mGattServer);
20                 mBluetoothAdvertiser.startAdvertising(createAdvSettings(true, 0)
21                         , createAdvertiseData(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID), mAdvCallback);
22             } catch (Exception e) {
23                 Log.v(TAG, "Fail to setup BleService");
24             }
25         }
26 
27         isAdvertising = true;
28     }



创建广播,添加serviceUuid,广播内容,自行决定。

addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid serviceUuid) 的作用。

广播数据加入serviceUuid , 当其它设备扫描时,就可以根据此serviceUuid进行特定扫描.

扫描BLE设备的时候:启动扫描时,有可选参数,传入uuid数组。


BluetoothAdapter
public boolean startLeScan(final UUID[] serviceUuids, final LeScanCallback callback);


使用该函数启动扫描的,会根据所传入的uuid,去扫描过滤,只返回符合条件的设备。

注意:部分手机可能设置uuid后,扫描不到设备,可能底层扫描问题。



1  public static AdvertiseData createAdvertiseData(UUID proximityUuid) {
 2     AdvertiseData.Builder builder = new AdvertiseData.Builder();
 4     builder.addManufacturerData(0x0301, new byte[]{0x01, 0x03});
 5     builder.addServiceUuid(ParcelUuid.fromString(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID.toString())
 7     AdvertiseData adv = builder.build();
10     return adv;
11  }

 

BluetoothGattServerCallback:服务事件的回调

打开notification 对应的value为 BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE

打开indication 对应的value为 BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_INDICATION_VALUE

关闭notification 对应的value均为BluetoothGattDescriptor.DISABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE

服务事件响应过程:

(1) 当客户端开始写入数据时: 触发回调方法 onDescriptorWriteRequest

(2) 在 onDescriptorWriteRequest 方法中,执行下面的方法表示 写入成功 BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS



1 bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
2 // 执行 sendResponse后,会触发回调方法 onCharacteristicWriteRequest



(3) 在 onCharacteristicWriteRequest方法中:



1 public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId
2 , BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] requestBytes) {
3        // 这个里可以获得 来自客户端发来的数据 requestBytes
4 }


(4) 处理响应内容

BluetoothGattServerCallback :


1 public class MockServerCallBack extends BluetoothGattServerCallback {
  2 
  3 public void setupServices(Context context, BluetoothGattServer gattServer) throws InterruptedException {
  4         if (gattServer == null) {
  5             throw new IllegalArgumentException("gattServer is null");
  6         }
  7         mGattServer = gattServer;
  8         // 设置一个GattService以及BluetoothGattCharacteristic
  9         BluetoothGattService service = new BluetoothGattService(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID,
 10                 BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);
 11 
 12         BluetoothGattService service2 = new BluetoothGattService(BluetoothUUID.bleServerUUID2,
 13                 BluetoothGattService.SERVICE_TYPE_PRIMARY);
 14 
 15         //add a read characteristic.
 16         // 当是ios设备连接过来时,需添加BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE或者notify进行兼容。
 17         mCharacteristicRead = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(BluetoothUUID.readDataUUID
 18                 , BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE
 19                 , BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_READ);
 20         //add a descriptor
 21         BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = new BluetoothGattDescriptor(BluetoothUUID.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG
 22                 , BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
 23         mCharacteristicRead.addDescriptor(descriptor);
 24         service.addCharacteristic(mCharacteristicRead);
 25 
 26         BluetoothGattCharacteristic write = new BluetoothGattCharacteristic(
 27                 BluetoothUUID.writeDataUUID,
 28                 BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_READ | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_INDICATE,
 29                 BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PERMISSION_WRITE);
 30 
 31         service.addCharacteristic(write);
 32 
 33         if (mGattServer != null && service != null) {
 34             mGattServer.addService(service);
 35             mGattServer.addService(service2);
 36         }
 37 
 38     }
 39 
 40     //当添加一个GattService成功后会回调改接口。
 41     public void onServiceAdded(int status, BluetoothGattService service) {
 42         super.onServiceAdded(status, service);
 43         if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
 44             Log.d(TAG, "onServiceAdded status=GATT_SUCCESS service=" + service.getUuid().toString());
 45         } else {
 46             Log.d(TAG, "onServiceAdded status!=GATT_SUCCESS");
 47         }
 48     }
 49 
 50     //BLE设备连接状态发生改变后回调的接口
 51     public void onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice device, int status,
 52                                         int newState) {
 53         super.onConnectionStateChange(device, status, newState);
 54         Log.e(TAG, String.format("1.onConnectionStateChange:device name = %s, address = %s"
 55                 , device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
 56         Log.d(TAG, "onConnectionStateChange status=" + status + "->" + newState);
 57         if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
 58             btClient = null; // 移除客户端连接设备
 59         }
 60     }
 61 
 62     //当有客户端来读数据时回调的接口
 64     /**
 65      * 特征被读取。当回复响应成功后,客户端会读取然后触发本方法, 
 66      */
 67     public void onCharacteristicReadRequest(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice device,
 68                                             int requestId, int offset, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
 69         super.onCharacteristicReadRequest(device, requestId, offset, characteristic);
 70         characteristic.setValue(new byte[]{0x03, 0x01});
 71         Log.e(TAG, String.format("1.onCharacteristicReadRequest:device name = %s, address = %s"
 72                 , device.getName(), device.getAddress()));
 73         Log.e(TAG, String.format("onCharacteristicReadRequest:requestId = %s, offset = %s", requestId, offset));
 74         boolean result = mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, characteristic.getValue());
 75 
 76         Log.e(TAG, "read request send response:" + result);
 77     }
 78 
 79     //当有客户端来写数据时回调的接口
 81     /**
 82      * 接受具体数据字节
         */
 86     @Override
 87     public void onCharacteristicWriteRequest(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice device,
 88                                              int requestId, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean preparedWrite,
 89                                              boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
 90         super.onCharacteristicWriteRequest(device, requestId, characteristic, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value);
 91         // 需调用 sendResponse 来响应,为了保持连接。
 92         mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, null);
 93 
 94         // 处理其它设备写进来的数据
 95         value.  // 处理数据 byte[] value,记住连接设备
 96 
 97     }
 98 
// 当有客户端来写Descriptor 时回调的接口
 99     /** 描述被写入时,在这里执行bluetoothGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS...) 时
        * 触发onCharacteristicWriteRequest **/
100     @Override
101     public void onDescriptorWriteRequest(BluetoothDevice device, int requestId, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, boolean preparedWrite, boolean responseNeeded, int offset, byte[] value) {
102         super.onDescriptorWriteRequest(device, requestId, descriptor, preparedWrite, responseNeeded, offset, value);
103 
104         Log.d(TAG, "onDescriptorWriteRequest:" + Arrays.toString(value));
105         // now tell the connected device that this was all successfull
106         mGattServer.sendResponse(device, requestId, BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS, offset, value);
107     }
108 
109 }



 

通过adb 获取 蓝牙 mac address: 



1 adb shell settings get secure bluetooth_address



或者



1 // for Android 4.4.4
2 adb shell service call bluetooth_manager 10 
3 // for Android 5.0+
4 adb shell service call bluetooth_manager 12


编程获取bluetooth mac address :


1 String macAddress = android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), "bluetooth_address");