目录
序言
sqlite使用教程
python sqlite使用教程
数据库构造
学生信息表结构:
教师信息表结构:
课程成绩表结构:
教师添加课程:
学生表连接课程成绩表:
数据库语句了解
sqlite数据库语句大全
具体数据库连接方式
学生信息表:student_info_sql.py
教师信息表:teacher_info_sql.py
课程成绩表:student_achievement_sql.py
后记
史上最全面的python学生管理系统教程(一)
史上最全面的python学生管理系统教程(三)
序言
这篇我们来讲该软件的数据保存方式,由于想到要简便快捷,所以我采用了sqlite3数据库,该数据库操作简单方便,而且易于管理,并且SQLite是一个进程内的库,实现了自给自足的、无服务器的、零配置的、事务性的 SQL 数据库引擎。它是一个零配置的数据库,这意味着与其他数据库一样,您不需要在系统中配置。就像其他数据库,SQLite 引擎不是一个独立的进程,可以按应用程序需求进行静态或动态连接。SQLite 直接访问其存储文件。我给大家推荐一款小巧的sqlite数据库文件打开的应用:SQLite Spy。百度一下就可以下载。
sqlite使用教程
数据库构造
该软件需求为三位角色:学生,教师,管理员。
为了从简,我把管理员只设置为一位,帐号密码皆为“ 1 ",所以就不再给他设计管理员表了
if Admin_number=="1" and Admin_pw=="1":
self.page.destroy()
self.lab3.pack_forget()
AdminPage(self.root)
只设计了三张表,分别为:学生信息表,教师信息表,课程成绩表。
还是那句话,为了从简,我把学生信息表跟教师信息表两张表结构设计的大致一样,这样就可以代码复用了,但是为了好分辨,我还是分别写了两个py文件。
学生信息表结构:
create table if not exists student_info
(
id integer PRIMARY KEY autoincrement,
student_number varchar(12),
student_name varchar(10),
student_passworld varchar(128),
age varchar(2)
)
教师信息表结构:
create table if not exists teacher_info
(
id integer PRIMARY KEY autoincrement,
teacher_number varchar(12),
teacher_name varchar(10),
teacher_passworld varchar(128),
age varchar(2)
)
课程成绩表结构:
create table if not exists student_achievement
(
student_number varchar(12),
student_name varchar(10)
)
因为教师可以添加课程科目,所以初始表比较简单,并且课程表是跟随学生表联动的,当注册一个学生信息时自动创建该学生的课程成绩表。具体构思如下:
教师添加课程:
# 往成绩数据库中添加新的一列科目成绩
def achievement_insertData(subject_name):
hel = achievement_opendb()
hel[1].execute("alter table student_achievement add column "+subject_name+" int")
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
学生表连接课程成绩表:
# 往学生数据库中添加内容
def user_insertData(number,name,pw,age):
achievement_infoData(number,name)#同时插入到课程成绩表
hel = user_opendb()
hel[1].execute("insert into student_info(student_number,student_name, student_passworld,age)values (?,?,?,?)",(number,name,pw,age))
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
具体数据库连接方式
学生信息表:student_info_sql.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
from student_achievement_sql import *
# 打开学生数据库
def user_opendb():
conn = sqlite3.connect("student.db")
cur = conn.execute("""create table if not exists student_info(
id integer PRIMARY KEY autoincrement,
student_number varchar(12),
student_name varchar(10),
student_passworld varchar(128),
age varchar(2))""")
return cur, conn
#查询所有列名
def user_lie_name():
hel = user_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from student_info")
col_name_list = [tuple[0] for tuple in cur.description]
return col_name_list
cur.close()
#查询学生全部信息
def user_slectTable():
hel = user_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from student_info")
res = cur.fetchall()
#for line in res:
#for h in line:
#print(h),
#print(line)
return res
cur.close()
# 往学生数据库中添加内容
def user_insertData(number,name,pw,age):
achievement_infoData(number,name)
hel = user_opendb()
hel[1].execute("insert into student_info(student_number,student_name, student_passworld,age)values (?,?,?,?)",(number,name,pw,age))
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
#查询学生个人信息
def user_showdb(number):
hel = user_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from student_info where student_number="+number)
res = cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
return res
# 删除学生数据库中的全部内容
def user_delalldb():
achievement_delalldb()
hel = user_opendb() # 返回游标conn
hel[1].execute("delete from student_info")
print("删库跑路XWC我最帅")
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 删除学生数据库中的指定内容
def user_deldb(number):
achievement_deldb(number)
hel = user_opendb() # 返回游标conn
hel[1].execute("delete from student_info where student_number="+number)
print("已删除学号为 %s 学生" %number)
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 修改学生数据库的内容
def user_alter(number,name,pw,age):
hel = user_opendb()
hel[1].execute("update student_info set student_name=?, student_passworld= ?,age=? where student_number="+number,(name,pw,age))
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 修改学生数据库密码的内容
def user_alter_pw(number,pw):
hel = user_opendb()
hel[1].execute("update student_info set student_passworld= %s where student_number=%s"%(pw,number))
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 登录查询学生数据
def user_slect_number_pw(number,pw):
hel = user_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from student_info where student_number="+number+" and student_passworld= "+pw)
hel[1].commit()
for row in cur:
if row:
return True
else:
return False
cur.close()
hel[1].close()
教师信息表:teacher_info_sql.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
# 打开教师数据库
def teacher_opendb():
conn = sqlite3.connect("student.db")
cur = conn.execute("""create table if not exists teacher_info(
id integer PRIMARY KEY autoincrement,
teacher_number varchar(12),
teacher_name varchar(10),
teacher_passworld varchar(128),
age varchar(2))""")
return cur, conn
#查询所有列名
def teacher_lie_name():
hel = teacher_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from teacher_info")
col_name_list = [tuple[0] for tuple in cur.description]
return col_name_list
cur.close()
#查询教师全部信息
def teacher_slectTable():
hel = teacher_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from teacher_info")
res = cur.fetchall()
#for line in res:
#for h in line:
#print(h),
#print(line)
return res
cur.close()
# 往教师数据库中添加内容
def teacher_insertData(number,name,pw,age):
hel = teacher_opendb()
hel[1].execute("insert into teacher_info(teacher_number,teacher_name, teacher_passworld,age)values (?,?,?,?)",(number,name,pw,age))
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
#查询教师个人信息
def teacher_showdb(number):
hel = teacher_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from teacher_info where teacher_number="+number)
res = cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
return res
# 删除教师数据库中的全部内容
def teacher_delalldb():
hel = teacher_opendb() # 返回游标conn
hel[1].execute("delete from teacher_info")
print("删库跑路XWC我最帅")
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 删除教师数据库中的指定内容
def teacher_deldb(number):
hel = teacher_opendb() # 返回游标conn
hel[1].execute("delete from teacher_info where teacher_number="+number)
print("已删除教师号为 %s 教师" %number)
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 修改教师数据库的内容
def teacher_alter(number,name,pw,age):
hel = teacher_opendb()
hel[1].execute("update teacher_info set teacher_name=?, teacher_passworld= ?,age=? where teacher_number="+number,(name,pw,age))
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 修改教师数据库密码的内容
def teacher_alter_pw(number,pw):
hel = teacher_opendb()
hel[1].execute("update teacher_info set teacher_passworld= %s where teacher_number=%s"%(pw,number))
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 登录查询教师数据
def teacher_slect_number_pw(number,pw):
hel = teacher_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from teacher_info where teacher_number="+number+" and teacher_passworld= "+pw)
hel[1].commit()
for row in cur:
if row:
return True
else:
return False
cur.close()
hel[1].close()
课程成绩表:student_achievement_sql.py
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sqlite3
from student_info_sql import *
# 打开成绩数据库
def achievement_opendb():
conn = sqlite3.connect("student.db")
cur = conn.execute("""create table if not exists student_achievement(
student_number varchar(12),
student_name varchar(10))""")
return cur, conn
#查询所有列名
def achievement_lie_name():
hel = achievement_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from student_achievement")
col_name_list = [tuple[0] for tuple in cur.description]
return col_name_list
cur.close()
#查询学生成绩全部信息
def achievement_slectTable():
hel = achievement_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from student_achievement")
res = cur.fetchall()
#for line in res:
#for h in line:
#print(h),
#print(line)
return res
cur.close()
# 往成绩数据库中添加新的一列科目成绩
def achievement_insertData(subject_name):
hel = achievement_opendb()
hel[1].execute("alter table student_achievement add column "+subject_name+" int")
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 往成绩数据库中添加学生跟学生信息表同步更新
def achievement_infoData(number,name):
hel = achievement_opendb()
hel[1].execute("insert into student_achievement(student_number,student_name)values (?,?)",(number,name))
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 按某科排序输出 默认升序 添加desc为降序
def achievement_paixu(subject_name,desc):
if desc==None:
desc=""
else:
desc=desc
hel = achievement_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from student_achievement order by "+subject_name+" "+desc)
res = cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
return res
#查询个人成绩信息
def achievement_showdb(number):
hel = achievement_opendb()
cur = hel[1].cursor()
cur.execute("select * from student_achievement where student_number="+number)
res = cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
return res
# 删除成绩数据库中的全部内容
def achievement_delalldb():
hel = achievement_opendb() # 返回游标conn
hel[1].execute("delete from student_achievement")
print("删库跑路XWC我最帅")
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 删除成绩数据库中的指定学生内容跟学生信息表同步更新
def achievement_deldb(number):
hel = achievement_opendb() # 返回游标conn
hel[1].execute("delete from student_achievement where student_number="+number)
print("已删除学号为%s 学生的成绩单" %number)
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
# 修改成绩数据库的个人某科成绩
def achievement_alter(number,subject_name,ach):
hel = achievement_opendb()
hel[1].execute("update student_achievement set %s = %s where student_number=%s"%(subject_name,ach,number))
hel[1].commit()
hel[1].close()
后记
思前想后其实感觉这样搞是有问题的,代码重复率太高,可用性不强,更别提复用性了,奈何本人水平有限,想进行重构但是看到一堆就头疼不已,所以经过一番思想斗争还是放弃了,有能力的同学可以将数据库进行优化一下,软件具体用到的语句都有说明,并且参数比较清楚,可以将多余的语句进行删除,还有不懂的地方可以留言,我会一一解答。