centos 源码安装aria2 centos安装alien

MySql8.0安装--docker容器下安装MySql的系列化学反应（三）

ubuntu下安装MySql8.0

不知道docker为何物或者不清楚docker安装使用的先去专栏了解 Docker安装与配置--centOS环境（二）

首先，还是利用docker最常用的容器ubuntu

docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash

进入docker的ubuntu容器后，更新apt-get，安装必要的安装包vim，wget，net-tools。

apt-get update
apt-get install vim
apt-get install wget
apt-get install net-tools //使用 netstat命令需要添加

新增用户使用adduser，注意ubuntu下使用useradd是没有新增用户目录的

adduser mysql

ubuntu不支持rpm安装，我们使用alien安装

apt-get install alien

mysql安装与启动

alien -i package.rpm
apt-get install mysql-server
service mysql start

然后就可以正常登录了

mysql
use mysql;
show tables;

修改root密码

mysqladmin password

键入你需要修改的密码

然后用root就可以登录了

mysql -u root -p

登录mysql后，还可以新增mysql用户登录，这里我们新增一个用户test，密码test，并给予权限，具体操作如下

use mysql
insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) values("localhost","test",password("test"));
create database testDB;
CREATE USER 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'test';
flush privileges;
grant all privileges on testDB.* to test@localhost identified by 'test';
exit

使用新建的test用户登录试试，新建库，表等操作

mysql -u test -p
use testDB
create table tt ( a int, b char(8));
insert into tt values (1, "hello");
insert into tt values (2, "mysql");
mysql> select * from tt;
+------+-------+
| a    | b     |
+------+-------+
|    1 | hello |
|    2 | mysql |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

中文显示问题解决

顺便尝试输入中文，发现中文根本输入不进去。查下系统编码

show variables like '%character%';

mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

全部改为utf8，注意filesystem不能动，不要问为什么

set character_set_client=utf8;
set character_set_connection=utf8;
set character_set_database=utf8;
set character_set_results=utf8;
set character_set_server=utf8;

再次查下系统编码

mysql> show variables like '%character%';;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

发现还是不行，我们尝试修改数据库编码

mysql> ALTER DATABASE test CHARACTER SET utf8;
ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'test'@'localhost' to database 'test'
mysql> exit

不让修改，用root用户试试

mysql -u root -p
mysql> ALTER DATABASE test CHARACTER SET utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

查看表tt的编码

mysql> show create table tt;
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                      |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tt    | CREATE TABLE `tt` (
  `a` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `b` char(8) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

有点小小的崩溃，使出失传已久的删库大法吧

mysql> drop database testDB;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)

mysql> create database testDB DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
mysql> show create database testDB;
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| testDB   | CREATE DATABASE `testDB` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

库的编码终于对了，重新建表

mysql> create table tt ( a int, b varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

mysql> show create table tt;
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                        |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tt    | CREATE TABLE `tt` (
  `a` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `b` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

最后查明，运行容器的时候要带上env编码参数，只能删掉容器

docker rm mysql_test

以上步骤重新来一遍，运行的时候小心翼翼的带上参数

docker run -i -t mysql_test env LANG=C.UTF-8 /bin/bash

或者硬核技术控，直接去改文件吧。 切换root用户。

cd /var/lib/docker/containers

我们发现docker并不支持我们修改文件，很不友好，但是没关系，还记得上张截图的容器ID吗，拷贝出来备用，*号之前的部分替换成自己的容器ID

ls ebc3d6ca6bd7*
cd ebc3d6ca6bd7*
vi config.v2.json

如图所示，两个地方加上env参数

"Path":"env","Args":["LANG=C.UTF-8","/bin/bash"],
"Cmd":["env","LANG=C.UTF-8","/bin/bash"],

然后重启容器

[root@jus-zhan ~]# docker restart mysql_test
mysql_test
[root@jus-zhan ~]# 
[root@jus-zhan ~]# docker attach mysql_test

进入容器，启动mysql

root@ebc3d6ca6bd7:/# service mysql start
 * Starting MySQL database server mysqld                                                                              [ OK ] 
root@ebc3d6ca6bd7:/#

顺便设置mysql在docker容器开机启动

update-rc.d mysql defaults

再次测试中文效果

root@ebc3d6ca6bd7:~# mysql -u test -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.24-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use testDB
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> insert into tt values ( 1, "小明");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql> select * from tt;
+------+--------+
| a    | b      |
+------+--------+
|    1 | 小明   |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

中文问题至此已经搞定，但是很有研究精神的我们发现切换用户到mysql不能输入中文

su - mysql

研究良久发现，应该是docker传给root的环境变量，在其他用户下是不起作用的，即使export LANG=C.UTF-8也不行，尝试用带root环境变量的su mysql解决

su mysql
mysql -u test -p
mysql> insert into tt values (2, '小胖');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from tt;
+------+--------+
| a    | b      |
+------+--------+
|    1 | 小明   |
|    2 | 小胖   |
+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

猜想和实际验证结合，得出结论，只有root的环境变量支持输入中文，也算发现docker的一个不大不小的bug，相信永不了多久就可以修复的了。

直接下载docker内的mysql容器使用

最后，运行下面命令有惊喜

docker run -it --name=mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="1234" -d mysql:8.0

实际运行情况

[docker@jus-zhan ~]$ docker run -it --name=mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="1234" -d mysql:8.0
Unable to find image 'mysql:8.0' locally
8.0: Pulling from library/mysql
f17d81b4b692: Already exists 
c691115e6ae9: Already exists 
41544cb19235: Already exists 
254d04f5f66d: Already exists 
4fe240edfdc9: Already exists 
0cd4fcc94b67: Already exists 
8df36ec4b34a: Already exists 
720bf9851f6a: Already exists 
e933e0a4fddf: Already exists 
9ffdbf5f677f: Already exists 
a403e1df0389: Already exists 
4669c5f285a6: Already exists 
Digest: sha256:811483efcd38de17d93193b4b4bc4ba290a931215c4c8512cbff624e5967a7dd
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:8.0
89c5d854305bb21c07f7ca8ecbc753e0c8e8967fb8a7e89e8d05f2b577630b9e
[docker@jus-zhan ~]$

docker库里的是有mysql容器的，而且有最新的mysql8.0版本，可以直接运行，当docker在本地找不到的时候会去docker库里下载。 但是这个容器，系统自带mysql用户，但是没有目录，所以需要增加mysql目录

mkdir /home/mysql

使用docker exec运行mysql服务器，并试试好不好用

[docker@jus-zhan ~]$ docker exec -it mysql01 env LANG=C.UTF-8 /bin/bash
root@89c5d854305b:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.13 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database testDB;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> use testDB
Database changed
mysql> create table test( a int , b char(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

mysql> insert into test values(1,'小明');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+------+--------+
| a    | b      |
+------+--------+
|    1 | 小明   |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
root@89c5d854305b:/#

和我们自己装的mysql一样的好用。

映射端口提供远程登录服务

下面用映射端口的办法，实现本地连接docker容器内数据库

docker run -it --name=mysql02 -p=3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="1234" -v /storage/mysql02/datadir:/var/lib/mysql -d mysql:8.0
docker exec -it mysql02 env LANG=C.UTF-8 /bin/bash

实际操作

[docker@jus-zhan ~]$ docker run -it --name=mysql02 -p=3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="1234" -v /storage/mysql02/datadir:/var/lib/mysql -d mysql:8.0
3d86c335b4f2638d9c5ff7c28513e3658be73f82f5242e7ebecfdad6dffd56a6
[docker@jus-zhan ~]$ 
[docker@jus-zhan ~]$ docker exec  -it mysql02 env LANG=C.UTF-8 /bin/bash
root@3d86c335b4f2:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.13 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit
Bye
root@3d86c335b4f2:/# read escape sequence
[docker@jus-zhan ~]$ docker port mysql02
3306/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32772
[docker@jus-zhan ~]$
[docker@jus-zhan ~]$ mysql -u root -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P 32772
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 8.0.13 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use testDB
ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'testDB'
mysql> 
mysql> create database testDB
    -> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> create table test(a int, b char(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> insert into test values(1,'小明');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+------+--------+
| a    | b      |
+------+--------+
|    1 | 小明   |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;

[docker@jus-zhan ~]$

更新一下用户的密码，刷新权限

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

从windows用workbench远程登录也是可以的了。

---

更新一个docker运行脚本，一键docker运行mysql

#mysql_start.sh
#!/bin/bash
#1. 拉取镜像
docker pull mysql:8.0

#2. 删除旧的容器
docker rm mysql-master

#3. 建立mysql数据挂载目录
mkdir dbdata

#4. docker运行mysql
docker run -itd 
-v "$PWD/dbdata":/var/lib/mysql 
--net=bridge 
-p 3306:3306 
--name mysql-master 
--hostname mysql-master 
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Welcome_1
-d mysql:8.0 
--character-set-server=utf8mb4 
--collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

#5. mysql -u root -p 测试
mysql -u root -p

建库与建立用户、授权脚本

#mysql_start.sql
CREATE DATABASE testdb;
CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Welcome_1';
GRANT ALL ON testdb.* TO 'test'@'%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;