什么是jdk动态代理
JDK的动态代理,就是在程序运行的过程中,根据被代理的接口来动态生成代理类的class文件,并加载运行的过程。JDK从1.3开始支持动态代理。那么JDK是如何生成动态代理的呢?JDK动态代理为什么不支持类的代理,只支持接口的代理?
首先来看一下如何使用JDK动态代理。JDK提供了java.lang.reflect.Proxy类来实现动态代理的,可通过它的newProxyInstance来获得代理实现类。同时对于代理的接口的实际处理,是一个java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler,它提供了一个invoke方法供实现者提供相应的代理逻辑的实现。可以对实际的实现进行一些特殊的处理,像Spring AOP中的各种advice。
简单使用
1.定义被代理接口
public interface HelloWorld {
void sayHello(String name);
}
2.接口实现类
public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorld{
@Override
public void sayHello(String name) {
System.out.println("hello"+name);
}
}
3.实现一个java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler:对方法的增强
public class CustomInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
private Object target;
public CustomInvocationHandler(Object target){
this.target=target;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("Before invocation");
Object retVal = method.invoke(target, args);
System.out.println("After invocation");
return retVal;
}
}
4.使用代理
public class ProxyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//可以拿到动态生成的代理类class文件用于返编译
System.getProperties().put("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");
CustomInvocationHandler handler = new CustomInvocationHandler(new HelloWorldImpl());
HelloWorld proxy = (HelloWorld) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
ProxyTest.class.getClassLoader(),
new Class[]{HelloWorld.class},
handler);
proxy.sayHello("Mikan");
}
}
5.输出
Before invocation
helloMikan
After invocation
原理
<1>
@CallerSensitive
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
//clone代理接口 class对象
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* <2>生成代理类的class
*/
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* 使用我们实现的InvocationHandler作为参数调用构造方法来获得代理类的实例
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
// 有了代理类的实例 使用我们实现的InvocationHandler作为参数调用构造方法来获得代理类的实例
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
//构造函数创建
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
<2>
//缓存是弱引用 每次gc后都会回收 具体创建看ProxyClassFactory<3>
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new Proxy.KeyFactory(), new Proxy.ProxyClassFactory());
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
// 代理的接口数量不能超过65535
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
//JDK对代理进行了缓存,如果已经存在相应的代理类,则直接返回,否则才会通过ProxyClassFactory来创建代理
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
<3>
//Proxy内部静态类
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
{
// 所有代理类名字的前缀 如class com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// // 用于生成代理类名字的计数器
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
//根据classLoader获取被代理接口的class
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
//不相等表示传入的classLoader和被代理接口不一致校验失败
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
//非接口类型报错
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* 避免重复定义被代理接口 如果从夫定义报错
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; //存储代理类的包名
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
// 对于非公共接口,代理类的包名与接口的相同
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
//公共接口统一用com.sun.proxy作为包名
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* 计数器+1
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
//获得代理类的全名称
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* 这里才是真正的生成代理类的字节码的地方<4>
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
//根据二进制字节码返回相应的Class实例
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
如何动态生成字节码
ProxyGenerator是sun.misc包中的类,它没有开源,但是可以反编译来一探究竟:
public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String var0, Class[] var1) {
ProxyGenerator var2 = new ProxyGenerator(var0, var1);
final byte[] var3 = var2.generateClassFile();
// 这里根据参数配置,决定是否把生成的字节码(.class文件)保存到本地磁盘,我们可以通过把相应的class文件保存到本地,再反编译来看看具体的实现,这样更直观
if(saveGeneratedFiles) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
public Void run() {
try {
FileOutputStream var1 = new FileOutputStream(ProxyGenerator.dotToSlash(var0) + ".class");
var1.write(var3);
var1.close();
return null;
} catch (IOException var2) {
throw new InternalError("I/O exception saving generated file: " + var2);
}
}
});
}
return var3;
}
saveGeneratedFiles这个属性的值从哪里来呢:
private static final boolean saveGeneratedFiles = ((Boolean)AccessController.doPrivileged(new GetBooleanAction("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles"))).booleanValue();
GetBooleanAction实际上是调用Boolean.getBoolean(propName)来获得的,而Boolean.getBoolean(propName)调用了System.getProperty(name),所以我们可以设置sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles这个系统属性为true来把生成的class保存到本地文件来查看
这里要注意,当把这个属性设置为true时,生成的class文件及其所在的路径都需要提前创建,否则会抛出FileNotFoundException异常。如:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.InternalError: I/O exception saving generated file: java.io.FileNotFoundException: com/sun/proxy/$Proxy0.class (No such file or directory)
at sun.misc.ProxyGenerator$1.run(ProxyGenerator.java:336)
at sun.misc.ProxyGenerator$1.run(ProxyGenerator.java:327)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(ProxyGenerator.java:326)
at java.lang.reflect.Proxy$ProxyClassFactory.apply(Proxy.java:672)
at java.lang.reflect.Proxy$ProxyClassFactory.apply(Proxy.java:592)
at java.lang.reflect.WeakCache$Factory.get(WeakCache.java:244)
at java.lang.reflect.WeakCache.get(WeakCache.java:141)
at java.lang.reflect.Proxy.getProxyClass0(Proxy.java:455)
at java.lang.reflect.Proxy.newProxyInstance(Proxy.java:738)
at com.mikan.proxy.ProxyTest.main(ProxyTest.java:15)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:140)
即我们要在运行当前main方法的路径下创建com/sun/proxy目录,并创建一个$Proxy0.class文件,才能够正常运行并保存class文件内容。
反编译$Proxy0.class文件,如下所示:
package com.sun.proxy;
import com.mikan.proxy.HelloWorld;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements HelloWorld {
private static Method m1;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m0;
private static Method m2;
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler) {
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject) {
try {
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final void sayHello(String paramString) {
try {
this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final int hashCode() {
try {
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final String toString() {
try {
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m3 = Class.forName("com.mikan.proxy.HelloWorld").getMethod("sayHello", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") });
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}
}
可以看到,动态生成的代理类有如下特性:
继承了Proxy类,实现了代理的接口,由于java不能多继承,这里已经继承了Proxy类了,不能再继承其他的类,所以JDK的动态代理不支持对实现类的代理,只支持接口的代理。
提供了一个使用InvocationHandler作为参数的构造方法。
生成静态代码块来初始化接口中方法的Method对象,以及Object类的equals、hashCode、toString方法。
重写了Object类的equals、hashCode、toString,它们都只是简单的调用了InvocationHandler的invoke方法,即可以对其进行特殊的操作,也就是说JDK的动态代理还可以代理上述三个方法。
代理类实现代理接口的sayHello方法中,只是简单的调用了InvocationHandler的invoke方法,我们可以在invoke方法中进行一些特殊操作,甚至不调用实现的方法,直接返回。
CGLIB导致的空指针问题