参考文档:

  1. Github介绍:https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster
  2. Github yaml文件: https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster/tree/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb 或者(source code):https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster/releases
  3. cAdvisor:https://github.com/google/cadvisor
  4. Influxdb:http://influxdb.com
  5. Grafana:http://grafana.org 

开源软件cAdvisor(Container Advisor)用于监控所在节点的容器运行状态,当前已经被默认集成到kubelet组件内,默认使用tcp 4194端口。

在大规模容器集群,一般使用Heapster+Influxdb+Grafana平台实现集群性能数据的采集,存储与展示。

一.环境

1. 基础环境



组件

版本

Remark

kubernetes

v1.9.2

 

heapster

v1.5.1

 

Influxdb

v1.3.3

 

grafana

v4.4.3

 



2. 原理

grafana集群状态 grafana集群部署_github

  1. Heapster:集群中各node节点的cAdvisor的数据采集汇聚系统,通过调用node上kubelet的api,再通过kubelet调用cAdvisor的api来采集所在节点上所有容器的性能数据。Heapster对性能数据进行聚合,并将结果保存到后端存储系统,heapster支持多种后端存储系统,如memory,Influxdb等。
  2. Influxdb:分布式时序数据库(每条记录有带有时间戳属性),主要用于实时数据采集,时间跟踪记录,存储时间图表,原始数据等。Influxdb提供rest api用于数据的存储与查询。
  3. Grafana:通过dashboard将Influxdb中的时序数据展现成图表或曲线等形式,便于查看集群运行状态。
  4. Heapster,Influxdb,Grafana均以Pod的形式启动与运行。

二.部署Kubernetes集群性能监控

1. 准备images

kubernetes部署服务时,为避免部署时发生pull镜像超时的问题,建议提前将相关镜像pull到相关所有节点(以下以kubenode1为例),或搭建本地镜像系统。

  1. 基础环境已做了镜像加速,可参考:
  2. 需要从gcr.io pull的镜像,已利用Docker Hub的"Create Auto-Build GitHub"功能(Docker Hub利用GitHub上的Dockerfile文件build镜像),在个人的Docker Hub build成功,可直接pull到本地使用。
# heapster
[root@kubenode1 ~]# docker pull netonline/heapster-amd64:v1.5.1

# influxdb
[root@kubenode1 ~]# docker pull netonline/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3

# grafana
[root@kubenode1 ~]# docker pull netonline/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3



2. 下载yaml范本



# release下载页:https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster/releases
# release中的yaml范本有时较https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster/tree/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb的yaml新,但区别不大
[root@kubenode1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ 
[root@kubenode1 src]# wget -O heapster-v1.5.1.tar.gz https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster/archive/v1.5.1.tar.gz

# yaml范本在heapster/deploy/kube-config/influxdb目录,另有1个heapster-rbac.yaml在heapster/deploy/kube-config/rbac目录,两者目录结构同github
[root@kubenode1 src]# tar -zxvf heapster-v1.5.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@kubenode1 src]# mv /usr/local/heapster-1.5.1 /usr/local/heapster

本实验使用yaml文件(修改版):https://github.com/Netonline2016/kubernetes/tree/master/addons/heapster



3. heapster-rbac.yaml



# heapster需要向kubernetes-master请求node列表,需要设置相应权限;
# 默认不需要对heapster-rbac.yaml修改,将kubernetes集群自带的ClusterRole :system:heapster做ClusterRoleBinding,完成授权
[root@kubenode1 ~]# cd /usr/local/heapster/deploy/kube-config/rbac/
[root@kubenode1 rbac]# cat heapster-rbac.yaml 
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: heapster
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:heapster
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: heapster
  namespace: kube-system



4. heapster.yaml

hepster.yaml由3个模块组成:ServiceAccout,Deployment,Service。

1)ServiceAccount

默认不需要修改ServiceAccount部分,设置ServiceAccount资源,获取rbac中定义的权限。

2)Deployment



# 修改处:第23行,变更镜像名;
# --source:配置采集源,使用安全端口调用kubernetes集群api;
# --sink:配置后端存储为influxdb;地址采用influxdb的service名,需要集群dns正常工作,如果没有配置dns服务,可使用service的ClusterIP地址
[root@kubenode1 ~]# cd /usr/local/heapster/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/
[root@kubenode1 influxdb]# sed -i 's|gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-amd64:v1.5.1|netonline/heapster-amd64:v1.5.1|g' heapster.yaml
[root@kubenode1 influxdb]# cat heapster.yaml
……
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: heapster
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        task: monitoring
        k8s-app: heapster
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: heapster
      containers:
      - name: heapster
        image: netonline/heapster-amd64:v1.5.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command:
        - /heapster
        - --source=kubernetes:https://kubernetes.default
        - --sink=influxdb:http://monitoring-influxdb.kube-system.svc:8086
……



3)Service

默认不需要修改Service部分。

5. influxdb.yaml

influxdb.yaml由2个模块组成:Deployment,Service。

1)Deployment



# 修改处:第16行,变更镜像名;
[root@kubenode1 influxdb]# sed -i 's|gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3|netonline/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3|g' influxdb.yaml



2)Service

默认不需要修改Service部分,注意Service名字的对应即可。

6. grafana.yaml

grafana.yaml由2个模块组成:Deployment,Service。

1)Deployment



# 修改处:第16行,变更镜像名;
# 修改处:第43行,取消注释;“GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL”的value值设定后,只能通过API Server proxy访问grafana; 
# 修改处:第44行,注释本行;
# INFLUXDB_HOST的value值设定为influxdb的service名,依赖于集群dns,或者直接使用ClusterIP
[root@kubenode1 influxdb]# sed -i 's|gcr.io/google_containers/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3|netonline/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3|g' grafana.yaml 
[root@kubenode1 influxdb]# sed -i '43s|# value:|value:|g' grafana.yaml
[root@kubenode1 influxdb]# sed -i '44s|value:|# value:|g' grafana.yaml
[root@kubenode1 influxdb]# cat grafana.yaml
……
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        task: monitoring
        k8s-app: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: netonline/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
          name: ca-certificates
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /var
          name: grafana-storage
        env:
        - name: INFLUXDB_HOST
          value: monitoring-influxdb
        - name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
          value: "3000"
          # The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via
          # the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend
          # removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana
          # service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.
        - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
          value: "false"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
          value: "true"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          value: Admin
        - name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
          # If you're only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:
          value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
          # value: /
      volumes:
      - name: ca-certificates
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/ssl/certs
      - name: grafana-storage
        emptyDir: {}
……



2)Service

默认不需要修改Service部分,注意Service名字的对应即可。

三.验证

1. 启动监控相关服务



# 将heapster-rbac.yaml复制到influxdb/目录;
[root@kubenode1 ~]# cd /usr/local/heapster/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/
[root@kubenode1 influxdb]# cp /usr/local/heapster/deploy/kube-config/rbac/heapster-rbac.yaml .
[root@kubenode1 influxdb]# kubectl create -f .



grafana集群状态 grafana集群部署_运维_02

2. 查看相关服务



# 查看deployment与Pod运行状态
[root@kubenode1 ~]# kubectl get deploy -n kube-system | grep -E 'heapster|monitoring'
[root@kubenode1 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep -E 'heapster|monitoring'



grafana集群状态 grafana集群部署_grafana集群状态_03



# 查看service运行状态
[root@kubenode1 ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system | grep -E 'heapster|monitoring'



grafana集群状态 grafana集群部署_grafana集群状态_04

3. 访问dashboard

浏览器访问访问dashboard:https://172.30.200.10:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy

注意:Dasheboard没有配置hepster监控平台时,不能展示node,Pod资源的CPU与内存等metric图形

Node资源CPU/内存metric图形:

grafana集群状态 grafana集群部署_网络_05

Pod资源CPU/内存metric图形:

grafana集群状态 grafana集群部署_github_06

4. 访问grafana



# 通过kube-apiserver访问
[root@kubenode1 ~]# kubectl cluster-info



grafana集群状态 grafana集群部署_github_07

浏览器访问访问dashboard:https://172.30.200.10:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy

集群节点信息:

grafana集群状态 grafana集群部署_grafana集群状态_08

Pod信息:

grafana集群状态 grafana集群部署_后端_09