Mongodb是一种比较常见的NOSQL数据库,数据库排名第四,今天介绍一下Net Core 下,常规操作。
首先下C# 版的驱动程序 “MongoDB.Driver”,相关依赖包自行引用进来。 过于细节的基础知识就不讲了,直接就奔主题了
using MongoDB.Driver; //命名空间
MongoClient client = new MongoClient("mongodb://192.168.99.5");
IMongoDatabase dbBase = client.GetDatabase("School");
Mongodb有一个特性,你可以不用先建数据库和集合,数据库会自行检查,如果没有就新建。
IMongoCollection<> collection = dbBase.GetCollection<>("Class"); //获取集合
GetCollection是一个泛型方法,你可以输入BsonDocument,或者实体,Mongodb驱动程序会自动帮你序列化
IMongoCollection<BsonDocument> collection = dbBase.GetCollection<BsonDocument>("Class");
public class Class
{
public BsonObjectId Id { set; get; }
public string ClassName { set; get; }
public List<Student> StudentItems { set; get; }
}
public class Student
{
public string Name { set; get; }
public int Age { set; get; }
public string Sex { set; get; }
}
IMongoCollection<Class> collection = dbBase.GetCollection<Class>("Class");
如果你使用BsonDocument,那么你会得么一个BsonDocument对象,Mongodb驱动程序内置了序列化方法,方便将BsonDocument转换成实体对象。
using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization;//命名空间
var schoolClass = BsonSerializer.Deserialize<Class>(new BsonDocument());
Mongodb驱动程序支持Linq 语法,你可以借此写出优雅语句。
var schoolClass = collection.Find(n => n.ClassName == "一年级").FirstOrDefault();
var schoolClass2 = collection.AsQueryable<Class>().Where(n => n.ClassName == "一年级").FirstOrDefault();
var schoolClass3 = collection.Find(new BsonDocument("ClassName", "一年级")).FirstOrDefault();
Mongodb驱动程序还支持异步方法,根据命名约定,很多方法相应的Async结尾的,都是异步方法。
var schoolClass = await collection.Find(n => n.ClassName == "一年级").FirstOrDefaultAsync();
var schoolClass2 = await collection.AsQueryable<Class>().Where(n => n.ClassName == "一年级").FirstOrDefaultAsync();
var schoolClass3 = await collection.Find(new BsonDocument("ClassName", "一年级")).FirstOrDefaultAsync();
基本介绍完毕,下面进入增删更改的操作方法。
---------------------------增加---------------------------------
IMongoCollection<Class> collection = dbBase.GetCollection<Class>("Class");
//写入单个
collection.InsertOne(new Class
{
ClassName = "二年级",
StudentItems = new List<Student>
{
new Student{Age=10,Name="李明",Sex="男" },
new Student{Age=12,Name="小红",Sex="女" }
}
});
//批量写入
collection.InsertMany(new List<Class>
{
new Class
{
ClassName = "二年级",
StudentItems = new List<Student>
{
new Student{Age=10,Name="李明",Sex="男" },
new Student{Age=12,Name="小红",Sex="女" }
}
}
});
IMongoCollection<BsonDocument> collection = dbBase.GetCollection<BsonDocument>("Class");
//写入单个
collection.InsertOne(new BsonDocument {
{"ClassName","二年级" },
{"StudentItems",new BsonArray{
new BsonDocument { { "Age", 10 },{ "Name", "李明" },{ "Sex", "男" } }
}
}
});
//批量写入
collection.InsertMany(new List<BsonDocument>
{
new BsonDocument {
{"ClassName","二年级" },
{"StudentItems",new BsonArray{
new BsonDocument { { "Age", 10 },{ "Name", "李明" },{ "Sex", "男" } }
}
} },
new BsonDocument {
{"ClassName","二年级" },
{"StudentItems",new BsonArray{
new BsonDocument { { "Age", 10 },{ "Name", "李明" },{ "Sex", "男" } }
}
} }
});
不过,使用C#语言,我还是尽量推荐使用实体来添加,可读性,维护性也强。也有缺点,JSON结构如果使用实体话,类库较大,庆幸的Mongodb驱动程序可以帮你序列化。
BsonDocument结构虽然符合JSON,用起来却很痛苦,不过也减少类库的数量。
---------------------------删除---------------------------------
IMongoCollection<Class> collection = dbBase.GetCollection<Class>("Class");
//删除单个
collection.DeleteOne(n => n.ClassName == "二年级");//使用拉姆达表达式
collection.DeleteOne(new BsonDocument("ClassName", "二年级"));//使用BsonDocument
var filter = Builders<Class>.Filter.Eq("_id", new BsonObjectId("5a545e9381a98c3ab46c9cb9"));
collection.DeleteOne(filter);//使用Builders,
//批量删除
collection.DeleteMany(n => n.ClassName == "二年级");
collection.DeleteMany(new BsonDocument("ClassName", "二年级"));
collection.DeleteMany(filter);
//删除并返回
collection.FindOneAndDelete(n => n.ClassName == "三年级");
IMongoCollection<BsonDocument> collection = dbBase.GetCollection<BsonDocument>("Class");
//删除单个
collection.DeleteOne(new BsonDocument("ClassName", "二年级"));//使用BsonDocument
var filter = Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("_id", new BsonObjectId("5a545e9381a98c3ab46c9cb9"));
collection.DeleteOne(filter);//使用Builders,
//批量删除
collection.DeleteMany(new BsonDocument("ClassName", "二年级"));
collection.DeleteMany(filter);
//删除并返回
collection.FindOneAndDelete(new BsonDocument("ClassName", "二年级"));
使用BsonDocument,就不能使用酷酷的拉姆达表达式了,其它的差不多。
---------------------------更改---------------------------------
IMongoCollection<Class> collection = dbBase.GetCollection<Class>("Class");
//修改单个
var filter = Builders<Class>.Filter.Eq("_id", new BsonObjectId("5a545e9381a98c3ab46c9cb8"));
var update = Builders<Class>.Update.Set("ClassName", "三年级");
var update2 = Builders<Class>.Update.Set(n => n.ClassName, "三年级");
collection.UpdateOne(n => n.ClassName == "二年级", update);//使用拉姆达表达式
collection.UpdateOne(filter, update2);//使用Builders
//批量修改
collection.UpdateMany(n => n.ClassName == "二年级", update);
collection.UpdateMany(filter, update2);
//替换
var schoolClass = collection.Find(n => n.ClassName == "二年级").FirstOrDefault();
collection.ReplaceOne(n => n.ClassName == "二年级", schoolClass);
使用BsonDocument 也是相应差不多,我就不贴出代码了。
修改数组,则大概如下
//数组增加一个
var update = Builders<Class>.Update.Push("StudentItems", new Student { Age = 18, Name = "张明", Sex = "男" });
collection.UpdateOne(n => n.ClassName == "三年级", update);
//数组减少一个
var update2 = Builders<Class>.Update.Pull(n => n.StudentItems, new Student { Age = 18, Name = "张明", Sex = "男" });
collection.UpdateOne(n => n.ClassName == "三年级", update2);
//数组修改一个
var update3 = Builders<Class>.Update.Set("StudentItems.$.Age", 30);
collection.UpdateOne(n => n.ClassName == "三年级" && n.StudentItems.Any(m=>m.Age==10), update3);
var update4 = Builders<Class>.Update.Set("StudentItems.$", new Student { Age = 18, Name = "张明", Sex = "男" });
collection.UpdateOne(n => n.ClassName == "三年级" && n.StudentItems.Any(m => m.Age == 10), update4);
示例是筛选过,不能每种写法写出来,读者自行试尝组合
---------------------------查询---------------------------------
var shoolClass = collection.Find(n => n.ClassName == "三年级").FirstOrDefault();//使用拉姆达表达式
var shoolClassItems = collection.Find(n => n.ClassName == "三年级").ToList();
var shoolClass2 = collection.Find(new BsonDocument("ClassName", "三年级")).FirstOrDefault();
var shoolClassItems2 = collection.Find(new BsonDocument("ClassName", "三年级")).ToList();
var filter = Builders<Class>.Filter.Eq(n => n.ClassName, "三年级");//使用Builders
var shoolClass3 = collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault();
var shoolClassItems3 = collection.Find(filter).ToList();
Mongodb的基本应用,就讲解完毕,笔记一下