1.Uri

通用资源标志符(Universal Resource Identifier, 简称"URI")。

Uri代表要操作的数据,Android上可用的每种资源 - 图像、视频片段等都可以用Uri来表示。


URI一般由三部分组成:

访问资源的命名机制。

存放资源的主机名。

资源自身的名称,由路径表示。





Android的Uri由以下三部分组成: "content://"、数据的路径、标示ID(可选)

举些例子,如:

所有联系人的Uri: content://contacts/people

某个联系人的Uri: content://contacts/people/5

所有图片Uri: content://media/external

某个图片的Uri:content://media/external/images/media/4





我们很经常需要解析Uri,并从Uri中获取数据。

Android系统提供了两个用于操作Uri的工具类,分别为UriMatcher 和ContentUris

虽然这两类不是非常重要,但是掌握它们的使用,会便于我们的开发工作。

下面就一起看一下这两个类的作用。



2.UriMatcher

UriMatcher 类主要用于匹配Uri.


使用方法如下。

首先第一步,初始化:

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  1. UriMatcher matcher = newUriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);

UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);  

第二步注册需要的Uri:




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  1. matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "people", PEOPLE);
  2. matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "person/#", PEOPLE_ID);

matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "people", PEOPLE); matcher.addURI("com.yfz.Lesson", "person/#", PEOPLE_ID);  



第三部,与已经注册的Uri进行匹配:




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  1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://"+ "com.yfz.Lesson"+ "/people");
  2. intmatch = matcher.match(uri);
  3. switch (match)
  4. {
  5. casePEOPLE:
  6. return"vnd.android.cursor.dir/people";
  7. casePEOPLE_ID:
  8. return"vnd.android.cursor.item/people";
  9. default:
  10. returnnull;
  11. }

Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://" + "com.yfz.Lesson" + "/people"); int match = matcher.match(uri); switch (match) { case PEOPLE: return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/people"; case PEOPLE_ID: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/people"; default: return null; }  

match方法匹配后会返回一个匹配码Code,即在使用注册方法addURI时传入的第三个参数。




上述方法会返回"vnd.android.cursor.dir/person".




总结:


--常量 UriMatcher.NO_MATCH
表示不匹配任何路径的返回码


--# 号为通配符


--* 号为任意字符






另外说一下,官方SDK说明中关于Uri的注册是这样写的:




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  1. privatestaticfinalUriMatcher sURIMatcher = newUriMatcher();
  2. static
  3. {
  4. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people", PEOPLE);
  5. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#", PEOPLE_ID);
  6. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones", PEOPLE_PHONES);
  7. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones/#", PEOPLE_PHONES_ID);
  8. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS);
  9. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods/#", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
  10. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/deleted_people", DELETED_PEOPLE);
  11. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones", PHONES);
  12. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/filter/*", PHONES_FILTER);
  13. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/#", PHONES_ID);
  14. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods", CONTACTMETHODS);
  15. sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods/#", CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
  16. sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls", CALLS);
  17. sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/filter/*", CALLS_FILTER);
  18. sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/#", CALLS_ID);
  19. }

private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher(); static { sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people", PEOPLE); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#", PEOPLE_ID); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones", PEOPLE_PHONES); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/phones/#", PEOPLE_PHONES_ID); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/people/#/contact_methods/#", PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/deleted_people", DELETED_PEOPLE); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones", PHONES); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/filter/*", PHONES_FILTER); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/phones/#", PHONES_ID); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods", CONTACTMETHODS); sURIMatcher.addURI("contacts", "/contact_methods/#", CONTACTMETHODS_ID); sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls", CALLS); sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/filter/*", CALLS_FILTER); sURIMatcher.addURI("call_log", "/calls/#", CALLS_ID); }  



这个说明估计已经是Google官方没有更新,首先是初始化方法,没有传参,那么现在初始化时,实际是必须传参的。可以看一下Android2.2的源码,无参数的构造方法已经是private的了。


另外就是addURI这个方法,第二个参数开始时不需要"/", 否则是无法匹配成功的。




3.ContentUris


ContentUris 类用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分


1)为路径加上ID: withAppendedId(uri, id)


比如有这样一个Uri




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  1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people")

Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people")  

通过withAppendedId方法,为该Uri加上ID




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  1. Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);

Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);  

最后resultUri为: content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10




2)从路径中获取ID: parseId(uri)




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  1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10")
  2. longpersonid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);

Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10") long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);  

最后personid 为 :10


附上实验的代码:

 

package com.yfz; import com.yfz.log.Logger; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ContentUris; import android.content.UriMatcher; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; public class Lesson_14 extends Activity { private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.yfz.Lesson"; private static final int PEOPLE = 1; private static final int PEOPLE_ID = 2; //NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码 private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); static { sURIMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "people", PEOPLE); //这里的#代表匹配任意数字,另外还可以用*来匹配任意文本 sURIMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "people/#", PEOPLE_ID); } @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Logger.d("------ Start Activity !!! ------"); Uri uri1 = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/people"); Logger.e("Uri:" + uri1); Logger.d("Match 1" + getType(uri1)); Uri uri2 = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/people" + "/2"); Logger.e("Uri:" + uri2); Logger.d("Match 2" + getType(uri2)); //拼接Uri Uri cUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri1, 15); Logger.e("Uri:" + cUri); //获取ID long id = ContentUris.parseId(cUri); Logger.d("Uri ID: " + id); } private String getType(Uri uri) { int match = sURIMatcher.match(uri); switch (match) { case PEOPLE: return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person"; case PEOPLE_ID: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person"; default: return null; } } }

 

好了,就讲这么多。




附:Android Uri命名格式:


ContentProvider进行数据交互时就需要用到URI。为了让客户端程序能够使用你的数据,你必须要定义一个公开的URI,它由一些固定格式的文字组成,可以分成下面几个部分:


content://


一个标准的URI前缀,它用来指示Android必须从ContentProvider中挑出一个来处理这个URI。


authority


一个唯一的标识符,标示这个URI需要查找的ContentProvider是由哪个组织开发的,一般用跟java包命名规范相似的方式来署名这个开发组织。如果是Android内置的provider,则这个authority可以省略掉,否则authority是必须的,Google建议使用用户自定义的继承ContentProvider的类的全名来作为,这个ContentProvider所要处理的URI的authority


path(路径)


ContentProvider根据这个路径信息来判断要返回什么类型的数据,所以这个后缀路径可以自由定义,但是有一些条件限制:


如果一个ContentProvider能查询返回很多种不同类型的数据,URI后缀要设置不同类型的数据所对应不同的URI后缀如内置的Contact
ContentProvider就是用来处理名片夹,它可以返回很多种类型的数据:联系人、电话、联系方式等。所以对应这些不同类型的数据就有不同的URI后缀匹配:









1



content://contacts/people/1



上面是返回一个人员









1



content://contacts/people/1/phone/3



返回一个电话号码。


而且我们要为不同的数据类型设置不同的MIME类型,第一个MIME类型是:vnd.android.cursor.item/person第二个MIME类型是:vnd.android.cursor.item/phone。


同时ContentProvider不仅可以返回单条数据,也可能以目录的形式返回多条数据。以上面2个URI来说,后缀的结尾都是数字,这表示查询对应某条记录,所以返回的数据是单条的,而如果是查询目录的形式就要去掉后面的数字如:









1


2



content://contacts/people/1/phone


content://contacts/people



上面就是目录形式,对应他们的MIME类型也不同,所以我们将单条的MIME类型中的item改为dir,所以MIME类型是:vnd.android.cursor.dir/phone和vnd.android.cursor.dir/person。


A: 标准前缀,表达的意思是使用ContentProvider来处理信息。


B: authority


C: 后缀1,一般用来表示请求需要获取的是哪种类型的数据(确定MIME类型的功能)。


D:定位记录。确定对应类型的数据中的哪条记录。

 

 

下面是一些常用的Uri

 

显示网页:

  1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com");

  2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri);

  3. startActivity(it);


显示地图:

1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476");

  2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.Action_VIEW,uri);

  3. startActivity(it);


路径规划:

  1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en");

  2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,URI);

  3. startActivity(it);


拨打电话:

调用拨号程序

  1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:xxxxxx");

  2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);   

  3. startActivity(it);   

  1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel.xxxxxx");

  2. Intent it =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri);

  3. 要使用这个必须在配置文件中加入<uses-permission id="Android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />


发送SMS/MMS

调用发送短信的程序

  1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

  2. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");

  3. it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");

  4. startActivity(it);   

发送短信

  1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123");

  2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);

  3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");

  4. startActivity(it);   

发送彩信

  1. Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");

  2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);

  3. it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");

  4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);

  5. it.setType("image/png");

  6. startActivity(it);


发送Email

  1.

  2. Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com");

  3. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);

  4. startActivity(it);

  1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);

  2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com");

  3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");

  4. it.setType("text/plain");

  5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));   

  1. Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);   

  2. String[] tos={"me@abc.com"};   

  3. String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"};   

  4. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);   

  5. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);   

  6. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");   

  7. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");   

  8. it.setType("message/rfc822");   

  9. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));


添加附件

  1. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);

  2. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");

  3. it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3[/url]");

  4. sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");

  5. startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));


播放多媒体

  1.   

  2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

  3. Uri uri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/song.mp3[/url]");

  4. it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");

  5. startActivity(it);

  1. Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");

  2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);

  3. startActivity(it);   


Uninstall 程序

  1. Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null);

  2. Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);

  3. startActivity(it);


//调用相册

public static final String MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG = "image/*";

public static final int ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE = 0;

Intent getImage = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); 

getImage.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE); 

getImage.setType(MIME_TYPE_IMAGE_JPEG);

startActivityForResult(getImage, ACTIVITY_GET_IMAGE);


//调用系统相机应用程序,并存储拍下来的照片

Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); 

time = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();

intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(new File(Environment

.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()+"/tucue", time + ".jpg")));

startActivityForResult(intent, ACTIVITY_GET_CAMERA_IMAGE);


uninstall apk

/**未测试

Uri uninstallUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);

returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uninstallUri);

*/

Uri packageURI = Uri.parse("package:"+wistatmap);   

Intent uninstallIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, packageURI);   

startActivity(uninstallIntent);


install apk

Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);

returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri);

play audio

Uri playUri = Uri.parse("[url=]file:///sdcard/download/everything.mp3[/url]");

returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, playUri);


//发送附件

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);   

it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");   

it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "[url=]file:///sdcard/eoe.mp3[/url]");   

sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");   

startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));


//搜索应用

Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name");   

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);   

startActivity(it);   

//where pkg_name is the full package path for an application


//进入联系人页面

Intent intent = new Intent();

intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

intent.setData(People.CONTENT_URI);

startActivity(intent);


//查看指定联系人

Uri personUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, info.id);//info.id联系人ID

Intent intent = new Intent();

intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

intent.setData(personUri);

startActivity(intent);