可以使用Ribbon负载均衡:在执行RestTemplate发送服务地址请求的时候,使用负载均衡拦截器拦截,根据服务名获取服务地址列表,使用Ribbon负载均衡算法从服务地址列表中选择一个服务地址,访问该地址获取服务数据。

主要配置

  • Eureka客户端工程
  • user_service 服务提供
  • 启动多个user-service实例(9090,9092)
  • consumer_demo 服务消费
  • 修改RestTemplate实例化方法,添加负载均衡注解@LoadBalanced
  • 修改ConsumerController

Eureka服务

Eureka是服务注册中心,只做服务注册;自身并不提供服务也不消费服务。可以搭建web工程使用Eureka,可以使用Spring Boot方式搭建。spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server中已有Ribbon依赖,不需要另外导入坐标。

导入坐标
  • pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud_parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>li.chen.com</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>eureka_service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>
配置文件
  • application.yml
server:
  port: 10086

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka_server

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      # eureka 服务地址,如果是集群的话;需要指定其它集群eureka地址
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka

    # 不注册自己 集群才需要
    register-with-eureka: false
    # 不拉取服务
    fetch-registry: false
   server:
    # 服务失效剔除时间间隔,默认60秒(单位毫秒)
    eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 60000
    # 关闭自我保护模式(默认是打开的;即爆红提示,开发时可关闭)
    enable-self-preservation: false
创建启动类
package li.chen.com;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

/**
 * @ClassName: EurekaServerApplication
 * @Description 启动引导类
 * @EnableEurekaServer 声明当前类为Eureka服务
 **/
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class,args);
    }
}
测试

启动 EurekaServerApplication
访问路径 http://127.0.0.1:10086/

服务注册(user_service)

导入坐标
  • pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud_parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>li.chen.com</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>user_service</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 通用Mapper启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>
配置文件
  • application.yml
server:
  port: ${port:9090}

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2
    username: root
    password: root
  application:
    name: UserService

mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: li.chen.com.user.pojo

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka

  instance:
    # 更倾向使用ip地址,而不是host名
    prefer-ip-address: true
    # ip地址
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1
    # 续约间隔 ,默认30秒
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5
    # 服务失效时间, 默认90秒
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 5

复制UserApplication9090,并添设置端口9092

-Dport=9092

自定义的Ribbon负载均衡策略 不生效_maven

springboot启动类
  • UserApplication
package li.chen.com.user;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("li.chen.com.user.mapper")
@EnableDiscoveryClient   //开启Eureka客户端发现功能
public class UserApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);
    }
}
各层文件

pojo层

  • User
package li.chen.com.user.pojo;

import lombok.Data;
import tk.mybatis.mapper.annotation.KeySql;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import java.util.Date;


@Table(name = "user")  //对应的数据库表
public class User {
    @Id
    @KeySql(useGeneratedKeys = true)     //主键回填
    private Integer id;

    @Column(name="userName")
    private String userName;

    @Column(name="passWord")
    private String passWord;

    private Date birthday;
}

mapper层

  • UserMapper
package li.chen.com.user.mapper;


import li.chen.com.user.pojo.User;
import tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper;

public interface UserMapper extends Mapper<User> {
}

service层

  • UserService
package li.chen.com.user.service;

import li.chen.com.user.mapper.UserMapper;
import li.chen.com.user.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    public User queryById(Long id){
        return userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
    }
}

controller层

  • UserController
package li.chen.com.user.controller;

import li.chen.com.user.pojo.User;
import li.chen.com.user.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/UserController")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User queryById(@PathVariable Long id){
        return userService.queryById(id);
    }
}
测试

启动UserApplication9090;UserApplication9092

访问 http://127.0.0.1:9090/UserController /2

自定义的Ribbon负载均衡策略 不生效_xml_02

服务发现(consumer-demo)

服务发现:在服务消费工程consumer-demo上添加Eureka客户端依赖;可以使用工具类根据服务名称获取对应的服务地址列表。

导入坐标
  • pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud_parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>li.chen.com</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>consumer_demo</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>
配置文件
  • application.yml
spring:
  application:
    name: consumer_demo

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka

    # 获取服务地址列表间隔时间,默认30秒
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 10
springboot启动类
  • ConsumerApplication
package li.chen.com.consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient   //开启Eureka客户端发现功能
public class ConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class,args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}
各层文件

pojo层

  • User
package li.chen.com.consumer.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @ClassName: User
 * @Description 接收数据,不进行数据库交互,故不需要加user_service里的那些注解
 **/
@Data
public class User {

    private Integer id;

    private String userName;

    private String passWord;

    private Date birthday;
}

controller层

  • UserController
package li.chen.com.consumer.controller;

import li.chen.com.consumer.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @ClassName: ConsumerController
 * @Description 请描述下该类是做什么的
 * @Author lichen
 * @Date 2021/2/15  18:12
 * @Verson 1.0
 **/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ConsumerController")
public class ConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User queryById(@PathVariable Integer id) {
        String url = "http://UserService/UserController/" + id;
        /*
        注意:UserService 不能写为user_service ;
        对于Ribbon的服务名称不要加下划线,否则无法解析具体的地址。
         [dispatcherServlet]    : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Request URI does not contain a valid hostname
         */
        return restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
    }
}
测试

1 先启动 EurekaServerApplication,UserApplication9090,UserApplication9092

2 找到 RibbonLoadBalancerClient 的 execute方法,打断点

自定义的Ribbon负载均衡策略 不生效_xml_03


3 再以debug方式启动ConsumerApplication

4 访问 http://localhost:8080/ConsumerController/7

查看断点显示的端口号为9090;F9 放行

自定义的Ribbon负载均衡策略 不生效_xml_04


再次刷新 http://localhost:8080/ConsumerController/7

查看断点显示的端口号为9090;(Ribbon默认模式轮询)

自定义的Ribbon负载均衡策略 不生效_maven_05

自定义的Ribbon负载均衡策略 不生效_maven_06

注意:对于Ribbon的服务名称不要加下划线,否则无法解析具体的地址。解决方案

实例化RestTemplate的时候使用@LoadBalanced,服务地址直接可以使用服务名。

服务发现中配置Ribbon负载均衡策略

默认为轮询,可以不配置yml,故上面的consumer-demo的yml中没有配置Ribbon

application.yml

server:
  # 端口设置 有传参使用传参值;没有使用默认10086
  port: ${port}

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka_server

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      # eureka 服务地址,如果是集群的话;需要指定其它集群eureka地址
      # 端口设置 有传参使用传参值;没有使用默认 http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka/,http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka/

    # 集群才需要
    register-with-eureka: false
    # 不拉取服务
    fetch-registry: false
  server:
    # 服务失效剔除时间间隔,默认60秒(单位毫秒)
    eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 60000
    # 关闭自我保护模式(默认是打开的;即爆红提示,开发时可关闭)
    enable-self-preservation: false

# 配置 ribbon负载均衡策略:随机   /不配置,默认为轮询
UserService:  # 需要 负载均衡的 服务名称
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule