STM32CubeMX+HAL实现输出PWM(呼吸灯)

这一篇文章中将具体讲述如何用HAL库配置PWM输出,用LED实现一个呼吸灯。


文章目录

  • STM32CubeMX+HAL实现输出PWM(呼吸灯)
  • 1.选择芯片
  • 2.CubeMX配置
  • 2.1.SYS&RCC
  • 2.2.PWM
  • 3.生成工程
  • 4.在MDK中添加功能函数
  • 5.注意事项
  • 6.附main.c代码


1.选择芯片

首先使用STM32CubeMX新建一个工程,选择合适的芯片,笔者选用的是正点原子mini开发板,选择STM32F103RCT6,创建工程。

2.CubeMX配置

2.1.SYS&RCC

这一部分可以参照跑马灯那一篇文章2.1和2.2两节进行配置,本文不再赘述。

2.2.PWM

跑马灯中2.3一节中我们介绍了LED0的相关硬件电路。除了简单的输出,PA8这个IO口还可以作为TIM1_CH1来使用。我们将PA9配置为TIM1_CH1:

cubeMX配置spi频率_stm32

然后在TIM1中进行配置:

cubeMX配置spi频率_ide_02

具体参数设置如下:

cubeMX配置spi频率_stm32_03

cubeMX配置spi频率_stm32_04

关注几个参数:

  1. PSC:预分频系数;确定了计数器计数的频率;
  2. ARR:自动重装载值;确定了PWM频率;
  3. Mode:PWM有两个模式,PWM模式1是指CNT的值<CRR的值时输出有效电平,PWM模式2是指CNT的值>CCR的值时输出有效电平;
  4. CH Polarity:极性设置,即设置有效电平为高还是低;

3.生成工程

这一部分同样可以参照跑马灯第3章进行配置,本文不再赘述。

4.在MDK中添加功能函数

本次的目标功能是通过改变PWM的CCR来实现呼吸灯。呼吸灯需要不断改变亮灭,即不断改变CCR的值并设置,需要定义一个变量用于代表CCR的值。此外,为了实现周期性变化,我们还需要定义一个用于标志状态的变量:

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint16_t pwmValue=0;
uint8_t dir=0;
/* USER CODE END PV */

改变的过程可以在中断中操作,也可以直接在while(1)中进行。为了方便,选择后者的方式。当dir=0时,灯由暗变亮;当dir=1时,灯由亮变暗。当灯亮到一定程度时,dir由0变为1;当灯暗到一定程度时,dir由1变为0。这样,呼吸灯的效果就完成了。代码如下:

/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		if(dir==0)
		{
			pwmValue+=5;
			if(pwmValue==500)
				dir=1;
		}
		else
		{
			pwmValue-=5;
			if(pwmValue==0)
				dir=0;
		}
		
		__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,pwmValue);
		
		HAL_Delay(10);
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */

这样,一个简单的PWM输出就编写完成了。

烧录到开发板上,LED实现呼吸灯效果。

5.注意事项

(1)PWM的有效电平不一定是1,也可能是0,这个是自己设定的;

(2)用户可以通过调节PSC、ARR的值,以及pwmValue为多少时dir的值改变,来调节呼吸灯的快慢和亮暗。

6.附main.c代码

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint16_t pwmValue=0;
uint8_t dir=0;
/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM1_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1);

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
		if(dir==0)
		{
			pwmValue+=5;
			if(pwmValue==500)
				dir=1;
		}
		else
		{
			pwmValue-=5;
			if(pwmValue==0)
				dir=0;
		}
		
		__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim1,TIM_CHANNEL_1,pwmValue);
		
		HAL_Delay(10);
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */