一 所需准备条件
微信公众号的分类
- 微信消息推送
- 公众号
- 已认证公众号
- 服务号
- 已认证服务号
- 企业号
基于：微信认证服务号 主动推送微信消息。
前提：关注服务号
环境：沙箱环境
沙箱环境地址： https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
二 基本流程
- 注册开发者账号
获得：appID、appsecret
网页授权获取用户基本信息：47.98.134.86 或 域名 - 关注公众号（已认证的服务号）
- 生成二维码，用户扫描；
将用户信息发送给微信，微信再将数据发送给设置redirect_uri地址(md5值)
- 回调地址：47.98.134.86/callback/
- 授权
- 用户md5
- 获取wx_id
在数据库中更新设置：wx_id
- 发送消息（模板消息）
- wx_id
- access_token（2小时有效期）
三 核心代码
import json
import functools
import requests
from django.conf import settings
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
# 沙箱环境地质：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
def index(request):
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})
def auth(func):
@functools.wraps(func)
def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
user_info = request.session.get('user_info')
if not user_info:
return redirect('/login/')
return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
return inner
def login(request):
"""
用户登录
:param request:
:return:
"""
# models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123)
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.POST.get('user')
pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first()
if obj:
request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid}
return redirect('/bind/')
else:
return render(request, 'login.html')
@auth
def bind(request):
"""
用户登录后，关注公众号，并绑定个人微信（用于以后消息推送）
:param request:
:return:
"""
return render(request, 'bind.html')
@auth
def bind_qcode(request):
"""
生成二维码
:param request:
:return:
"""
ret = {'code': 1000}
try:
access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
access_url = access_url.format(
appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx89085e915d351cae',
redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"], # 'http://47.93.4.198/test/',
state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 为当前用户生成MD5值
)
ret['data'] = access_url
except Exception as e:
ret['code'] = 1001
ret['msg'] = str(e)
return JsonResponse(ret)
def callback(request):
"""
用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。
用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。
:param request:
:return:
"""
code = request.GET.get("code")
# 用户md5值
state = request.GET.get("state")
# 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息)
res = requests.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token",
params={
"appid": 'wx89085e915d351cae',
"secret": '64f87abfc664f1d4f11d0ac98b24c42d',
"code": code,
"grant_type": 'authorization_code',
}
).json()
# 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功
openid = res.get("openid")
if openid:
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid)
response = "<h1>授权成功 %s </h1>" % openid
else:
response = "<h1>用户扫码之后，手机上的提示</h1>"
return HttpResponse(response)
def sendmsg(request):
def get_access_token():
"""
获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时)
如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可
"""
result = requests.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
params={
"grant_type": "client_credential",
"appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
"secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
}
).json()
if result.get("access_token"):
access_token = result.get('access_token')
else:
access_token = None
return access_token
access_token = get_access_token()
openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id
def send_custom_msg():
body = {
"touser": openid,
"msgtype": "text",
"text": {
"content": '云姐好美呀'
}
}
response = requests.post(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send",
params={
'access_token': access_token
},
data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
)
# 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息)
result = response.json()
return result
def send_template_msg():
"""
发送模版消息
"""
res = requests.post(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
params={
'access_token': access_token
},
json={
"touser": openid,
"template_id": '0XbLbuNkn3wPPAYRVXM-MZ0gU0tPvVbsjfc1qoSH6CM',
"data": {
"first": {
"value": "罗毛",
"color": "#173177"
},
"keyword1": {
"value": "傻屌",
"color": "#173177"
},
}
}
)
result = res.json()
return result
result = send_template_msg()
if result.get('errcode') == 0:
return HttpResponse('发送成功')
return HttpResponse('发送失败')view.py
1 {% load staticfiles %}
2
3 <!DOCTYPE html>
4 <html lang="en">
5 <head>
6 <meta charset="UTF-8">
7 <title>Title</title>
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <div style="width: 600px;margin: 0 auto">
11 <h1>请关注路飞学城服务号，并绑定个人用户（用于以后的消息提醒）</h1>
12 <div>
13 <h3>第一步：关注路飞学城微信服务号</h3>
14 <img style="height: 100px;width: 100px" src="{% static "img/luffy.jpeg" %}">
15 </div>
16 <input type="button" value="下一步【获取绑定二维码】" onclick="getBindUserQcode()">
17 <div>
18 <h3>第二步：绑定个人账户</h3>
19 <div id="qrcode" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;background-color: white;margin: 100px auto;"></div>
20 </div>
21 </div>
22 <script src="{% static "js/jquery.min.js" %}"></script>
23 <script src="{% static "js/jquery.qrcode.min.js" %}"></script>
24 <script src="{% static "js/qrcode.js" %}"></script>
25 <script>
26 function getBindUserQcode() {
27 $.ajax({
28 url: '/bind_qcode/',
29 type: 'GET',
30 success: function (result) {
31 console.log(result);
32 $('#qrcode').empty().qrcode({text: result.data});
33 }
34 });
35 }
36 </script>
37
38 </body>
39 </html>bind.html
class UserInfo(models.Model):
username = models.CharField("用户名", max_length=64, unique=True)
password = models.CharField("密码", max_length=64)
uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人唯一ID',max_length=64, unique=True)
wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 创建用户时，为用户自动生成个人唯一ID
if not self.pk:
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
self.uid = m.hexdigest()
super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)model.py
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