Android死锁问题

简介

在Android开发中,死锁是一个非常常见的问题。当多个线程相互等待对方释放资源时,就会发生死锁。如果不及时解决死锁问题,就会导致应用程序卡死或崩溃。本文将介绍Android死锁问题的原因和解决方法,并提供代码示例。

死锁原因

死锁通常是由于多个线程之间的竞争条件引起的。当多个线程同时尝试获取彼此持有的锁时,就会产生死锁。下面是一个经典的死锁场景示例:

public class DeadlockExample {
    private static Object lock1 = new Object();
    private static Object lock2 = new Object();
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (lock1) {
                System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1...");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (lock2) {
                    System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1 and lock 2...");
                }
            }
        });
        
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (lock2) {
                System.out.println("Thread 2: Holding lock 2...");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (lock1) {
                    System.out.println("Thread 2: Holding lock 2 and lock 1...");
                }
            }
        });
        
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

在上述示例中,thread1thread2分别尝试获取lock1lock2锁,但是它们的获取顺序不一致。这将导致thread1持有lock1锁并等待lock2锁,而thread2持有lock2锁并等待lock1锁。由于彼此互相等待,这两个线程会形成死锁。

解决方法

为了解决死锁问题,我们可以采用以下几种方法:

1.避免循环等待

避免线程之间循环等待对方持有的资源是解决死锁问题的关键。可以通过按照相同的顺序获取锁来避免循环等待。

修改上述代码示例,按照相同的顺序获取锁,可以解决死锁问题:

Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
    synchronized (lock1) {
        System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1...");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        synchronized (lock2) {
            System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1 and lock 2...");
        }
    }
});

Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
    synchronized (lock1) {
        System.out.println("Thread 2: Holding lock 1...");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        synchronized (lock2) {
            System.out.println("Thread 2: Holding lock 1 and lock 2...");
        }
    }
});

2.使用tryLock避免死锁

tryLock方法可以尝试获取锁,如果获取成功则继续执行,如果获取失败则放弃锁并返回。这可以避免线程因等待锁而产生死锁。

Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
    if (lock1.tryLock()) {
        try {
            System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1...");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (lock2.tryLock()) {
                try {
                    System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1 and lock 2...");
                } finally {
                    lock2.unlock();
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock1.unlock();
        }
    }
});

Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
    if (lock2.tryLock()) {
        try {
            System.out.println("Thread 2: Holding lock 2...");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (