环境准备
操作系统 centos7
oracle11g
终端软件 MobaXterm
192.168.46.61 oracleMaster
一、安装前准备
1、关闭selinux
[root@oracleMaster ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
修改 SELINUX 为 disabled
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled #此处修改为disable
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@oracleMaster ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
2、防火墙设置
2.1、关闭防火墙,一劳永逸,生产环境禁止使用,仅测试
systemctl stop firewalld.service
2.2、开放端口
查看端口是否开放:
firewall-cmd --query-port=1521/tcp
永久开放1521端口号:
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp
重启防火墙:
systemctl restart firewalld.service
查看防火墙状态
systemctl status firewalld.service
3、安装oracle11g依赖
yum install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-develnumactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel –y
4、添加安装用户及用户组
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# 为oracle用户设置密码
passwd oracle
# 查看 oracle 用户
[root@oracleMaster ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) 组=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
5、修改linux 内核参数
[root@oracleMaster ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
在文件末尾增加如下参数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
检查一下配置是否已经写入文件
sysctl -p
6、修改 limits.conf
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
在文件末尾增加配置
#oracle config date 2023-07-12
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
7、修改/etc/pam.d/login文件
vim /etc/pam.d/login
文件末尾增加如下配置
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
8、修改环境变量
vim /etc/profile
文件末尾增加如下配置
##oracle config date 2023-07-12
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
9、创建安装目录并且设置文件权限
mkdir -p /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_01
mkdir /data/oracle/oradata
mkdir /data/oracle/inventory
mkdir /data/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/oracle
10、修改hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
在文件末尾增加如下配置,对应两台机器的ip和用户名
192.168.46.61 oracleMaster
192.168.46.62 oracleSlave
11、解压安装包
创建安装包存放目录
[root@oracleMaster ~]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle
[root@oracleMaster oracle]# pwd
/opt/oracle
将 2个安装包放到此目录下
[root@oracleMaster oracle]# ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
解压安装包,会得到一个 database 文件夹
[root@oracleMaster oracle]# ls
database linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
这个目录会在安装时使用
/opt/oracle/database
12、为oracle设置环境变量
切换到 oracle 用户
[root@oracleMaster ~]# su -l oracle
上一次登录:三 7月 12 10:28:39 CST 2023pts/0 上
[oracle@oracleMaster ~]$ vim .bash_profile
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_01
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
使环境变量生效
source .bash_profile
二、开始安装
登录 oracle 用户,在 oracle 用户下面操作
1、复制安装文件到当前用户 oracle 根目录下面
[oracle@oracleMaster ~]$ cp -R /opt/oracle/database/response .
安装文件在一、安装前准备 第11部那个目录下面
[oracle@oracleMaster ~]$ cd response
[oracle@oracleMaster response]$ vim db_install.rsp
修改如下配置
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=CentOS
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_01
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
2、静默安装oracle
cd /opt/oracle/database
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
安装时会遇到一些问题,运气好的话全程不会报错,主要看机器的环境
在我安装时,根目录的磁盘空间不足导致安装无法进行下去,需要扩展磁盘空间
当出现:
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/data/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_01/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
Successfully Setup Software表示安装成功
,中间提示warning不需要理会,当提示成功以后可以退出当前窗口了,然后根据提示执行脚本切换到root用户继续执行一下操作
3、切换到root用户执行操作
sh /data/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_01/root.sh
4、配置监听程序
监听命令
启动监听:lsnrctl start
停止监听:lsnrctl stop
重启监听:lsnrctl reload
查看监听:lsnrctl status
切换到oracle 用户
su -l oracle
4.1、配置监听
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
查看是否监听成功
lsnrctl status
5、静默dbca建库
vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
填写下面的参数,SYSTEMPASSWORD 和 SYSTEMPASSWORD 必须设置不然不会安装,在ssh软件中安装会清屏,在 vmware esxi 中安装才会提示输入这两个用户的密码,坑
GDBNAME = "orcl" # 78 行
SID="orcl" # 149行
# Description : Password for SYS user
# SYS管理员密码
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "123456"
# Description : Password for SYSTEM user
# SYSTEM管理员密码
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "123456"
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" # 415行
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" # 425行
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"
5.1、配置解释
[GENERAL]
# oracle版本,不能更改
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
# Description : Type of operation
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
# Description : Global database name of the database
# 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名# 第三方工具链接数据库的时候使用的service名称
GDBNAME = "orcl.myorcl"
# Description : System identifier (SID) of the database
# 对应的实例名字
SID = "orcl"
# Description : Name of the template
# 建库用的模板文件
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
# Description : Password for SYS user
# SYS管理员密码
SYSPASSWORD = "123456"
# Description : Password for SYSTEM user
# SYSTEM管理员密码
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "123456"
# Description : Password for SYSMAN user
# SYSMAN管理员密码
SYSMANPASSWORD = "123456"
# Description : Password for DBSNMP user
# DBSNMP管理员密码
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "123456"
# Description : Location of the data file's
# 数据文件存放目录 Default value : $ORACLE_BASE/oradata
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/oracle/oradata
# Description : Location of the data file's
# 恢复数据存放目录 $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/oracle/fast_recovery_area
# Description : Character set of the database
# 字符集,重要!!! 建库后一般不能更改,所以建库前要确定清楚。
# (CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8" NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8")
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" # 425行
# Description : total memory in MB to allocate to Oracle
# oracle内存1638MB,物理内存2G*80%
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"
5.2、静默建库
保持在oracle 用户下面
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
6、启动数据库
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup
--创建表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE NNC_DATA01 DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/nnc_data01.dbf' SIZE 500M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 50M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 256K ;
CREATE TABLESPACE NNC_DATA02 DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/nnc_data02.dbf' SIZE 300M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 50M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 256K ;
CREATE TABLESPACE NNC_DATA03 DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/nnc_data03.dbf' SIZE 500M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 512K ;
CREATE TABLESPACE NNC_INDEX01 DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/nnc_index01.dbf' SIZE 500M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 50M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 128K ;
CREATE TABLESPACE NNC_INDEX02 DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/nnc_index02.dbf' SIZE 300M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 50M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 128K ;
CREATE TABLESPACE NNC_INDEX03 DATAFILE '/data/oracle/oradata/orcl/nnc_index03.dbf' SIZE 500M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 256K ;
7、配置开机自动启动监听、启动Oracle
切换到root 用户
7.1、设置oratab
su - root
vim /etc/oratab
其中:
*:/home/oracle/oracle92:N
这一行中 * 改为数据库的SID orcl, 第三段的N改为Y
改后如下:
orcl:/home/oracle/oracle92:Y 务必是大写的Y
保存并退出
7.2、设置 rc.local
vim /etc/rc.local
在文件末尾增加如下内容
su - oracle -c 'dbstart'
su - oracle -c 'lsnrctl start'
设置权限
chmod +x /etc/rc.local
8、远程连接oracle
sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect / as sysdba
SQL> create user sync identified by 123456;//创建用户 sync,密码为123456
SQL> grant connect, resource to sync;//将connect和resource权限授予 sync